List of anarchist communities
This is a list of anarchist communities representing any society or portion thereof founded by anarchists that functions according to anarchist philosophy and principles. Anarchists have created and been involved in a plethora of community experiments since the 19th century. There are numerous instances in which a community organizes itself along philosophically anarchist lines to promote regional anarchist movements, counter-economics and countercultures. These have included intentional communities founded by anarchists as social experiments and community-oriented projects, such as collective organizations and cooperative businesses. There are also several instances of mass society "anarchies" that have come about from explicitly anarchist revolutions, including Makhnovia in Ukraine,[2] Revolutionary Catalonia in Spain[3] and the Shinmin autonomous region in Manchuria.[4]
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Mass societies
Active societies
Past societies
Flag | Society | From | Until | Duration | Location | Ideology | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Paris Commune | 18 March 1871 | 28 May 1871 | 71 days | Paris, France | Revolutionary socialism | [23] | |
Canton of Cartagena | 12 July 1873 | 12 January 1874 | 184 days | Cartagena, Spain | Cantonalism, Mutualism | [24] | |
Strandzha Commune | 18 August 1903 | 8 September 1903 | 21 days | Ottoman Empire | Anarcho-communism | [25] | |
Baja Rebellion | 29 January 1911 | 22 June 1911 | 144 days | Baja California, Mexico | Magonism | [26] | |
Morelos Commune | 1913 | 1917 | 4 years, 87 days | Morelos, Mexico | Zapatismo | [27][28] | |
Soviet Republic of Naissaar | 17 December 1917 | 26 February 1918 | 71 days | Naissaar, present-day Estonia | Anarcho-syndicalism | [29] | |
Odessa Soviet Republic | 17 January 1918 | 13 March 1918 | 55 days | Odessa, present-day Ukraine | Revolutionary socialism | [30] | |
Free Territory | 27 November 1918 | 28 August 1921 | 2 years, 274 days | Ukraine | Anarcho-communism, Platformism | [2] | |
Bremen Soviet Republic | 10 January 1919 | 4 February 1919 | 25 days | Bremen, Germany | Revolutionary socialism | [31] | |
Bavarian Soviet Republic | 12 April 1919 | 3 May 1919 | 21 days | Bavaria, Germany | Revolutionary socialism | [32][33] | |
Limerick Soviet | 15 April 1919 | 27 April 1919 | 12 days | Ireland | Revolutionary socialism | [34] | |
Patagonia Rebelde | August 1920 | February 1922 | 1 year, 184 days | Santa Cruz, Argentina | Anarcho-syndicalism | [35][36] | |
Tambov Rebellion | 19 August 1920 | 12 June 1921 | 297 days | Tambov, Russia | Agrarian socialism | [37] | |
Kronstadt Rebellion | 1 March 1921 | 17 March 1921 | 10 days | Kronstadt, Russia | Anarcho-syndicalism | [38] | |
Guangzhou City Commune | 2 April 1921 | 13 December 1927 | 6 years, 255 days | Guangzhou, China | Anarchism | [39] | |
Shinmin Prefecture | August 1929 | September 1931 | 2 years, 46 days | Manchuria, China | Anarcho-communism | [40] | |
Revolutionary Catalonia | 21 July 1936 | 10 February 1939 | 2 years, 204 days | Catalonia, Spain | Anarcho-syndicalism | [3] | |
Sovereign Council of Asturias and León | 6 September 1936 | 21 October 1937 | 1 year, 45 days | Spain | Libertarian socialism | [41] | |
Regional Defence Council of Aragon | 6 October 1936 | 11 August 1937 | 309 days | Aragon, Spain | Anarcho-communism | [3] | |
People's Republic of Korea | 12 September 1945 | 8 February 1946 | 149 days | Korea | Direct democracy | [42] | |
Argentinian Horizontalidad | 13 December 2001 | 25 May 2003 | 1 year, 163 days | Argentina | Autonomism, Participatory economics | [43] | |
Oaxaca City | 14 June 2006 | 27 November 2006 | 166 days | Oaxaca, Mexico | Direct democracy, Magonism | [13] | |
Symphony Way | February 2008 | 19 October 2009 | 1 year, 242 days | Delft, South Africa | Anti-authoritarianism | [11] | |
15M Movement | 15 May 2011 | 11 April 2015 | 3 years, 331 days | Spain | Anti-austerity, Direct democracy | [44] | |
Gezi Park Commune | 27 May 2013 | 20 August 2013 | 85 days | Istanbul, Turkey | Anti-authoritarianism | [44] | |
Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone | 8 June 2020 | 1 July 2020 | 23 days | Seattle, United States | Occupy protest | [45] |
Intentional communities
Active communities:
- Stapleton Colony (1921–present)[46]
- Federation of Egalitarian Communities (1967–present)
- Twin Oaks Community, Virginia (1967–present)
- ZAD de Notre-Dame-des-Landes (1967–present)
- Black Bear Ranch (1968–present)
- Longo Mai (1973–present)[47]
- The Farm (1973–present)
- East Wind Community (1973–present)
- Awra Amba (1980–present)[48]
- Kommune Niederkaufungen (1986–present)
- Acorn Community (1993–present)[49]
- Trumbullplex (1993–present)[1]
- Tenacious Unicorn Ranch (2018–present)
- Friland (2002–present) [50][51]
Past communities:
- The Diggers (1649-1650)
- Utopia (1847-1875)[52]
- Modern Times (21 March 1851–1864)[53]
- Cecília Colony (1890–1893)
- New Australia (28 September 1893–1905)[54]
- Home (1895)[55]
- Equality Colony (1897–1907)[55]
- Whiteway Colony[56] (1898)[57]
- Life and Labor Commune (1921)[58]
- Drop City (1965)
- Poole's Land (1988-2020)
Community projects
Active Projects
- The 1 in 12 Club (1981–present)
- ABC No Rio (1980–present)
- ACU (1976–present)
- Autonomous Centre of Edinburgh (1997–present)
- Blitz House (1982–present)
- Bluestockings (1999–present)
- The Brick House (1999–present)
- Camas Bookstore and Infoshop (2007–present)
- Can Masdeu (2001–present)
- Can Vies (1997–present)
- Cascina Torchiera (1992–present)
- Centre International de Recherches sur l'Anarchisme (1957–present)
- Ché Café (1980–present)
- Civic Media Center (1992–present)
- Coffee Strong (2008–present)
- Common Ground Collective (2005–present)
- Cowley Club (2003–present)
- CSOA Forte Prenestino (1 May 1986–present)
- C-Squat (1989–present)
- Dial House (1970–present)[59]
- DIY Space For London (2015–present)
- Eskalera Karakola (1996–present)
- Extrapool (1991–present)
- Firestorm Cafe & Books (May 2008–present)
- Forest Café (2000–present)
- Freedom Press (1886–present)
- Freedom Shop (1 May 1995–present)
- Grote Broek (1984–present)
- Hausmania (2000–present)
- Hirvitalo (2006–present)
- Jura Books (1977–present)
- Landbowbelang (6 April 2002–present)
- London Action Resource Centre (1999–present)
- Lucy Parsons Center (1992–present)
- Kafé 44 (1976–present)
- Metelkova (September 1993–present)[60]
- Noisebridge (2007–present)
- OCCII (1982–present)
- OT301 (1999–present)
- Poortgebouw (3 October 1980–present)
- Red Emma's Bookstore Coffeehouse (November 2004–present)
- Rote Flora (1989–present)
- Rozbrat (1994–present)
- Slab City, California (c. 1961-present)
- Spartacus Books (1973–present)
- Sumac Centre (1984–present)
- The Old Market Autonomous Zone (1995–present)
- UFFA (1981–present)
- Warzone Collective (1984–present)
Past Projects
- 121 Centre (1981–1999)
- 491 Gallery (2001–2013)
- ADM (1997–2019)
- ASCII (1999–2006)
- Bank of Ideas (November 2011–January 2012)
- Binz (2006–2013)
- BIT (1968–1979)
- Bloomsbury Social Centre (23 November–22 December 2011)
- Boxcar Books (2001–2017)
- Brian MacKenzie Infoshop (1999–2008)
- Capitol Hill Autonomous Zone (2020)
- Catalyst Infoshop (2004–2010)
- Centro 73 (September–December 2010)
- Centro Iberico (April–August 1982)
- Cream City Collectives (October 2006–31 October 2012)
- De Blauwe Aanslag (1980–2003)
- Factory Rog (2006-January 2021)
- Internationalist Books (1981–September 2016)
- Iron Rail Book Collective (2003–2012)
- Klinika (2014–2019)
- Kukutza (1996–2011)
- Kunsthaus Tacheles (1990–2011)
- Patio Maravillas (2007–2015)
- rampART (May 2004–15 October 2009)
- Really Free School (2011)
- Red and Black Cafe (2000–2015)
- RHINO (1988–2007)
- Salon Mazal
- Seomra Spraoi (2004–2015)
- Spike Surplus Scheme (1999–2009)
- Squat Milada (1997–2009)
- St Agnes Place (1 June 1969–30 November 2005
- Ungdomshuset (1982–2007)
- Villa Amalia (1990–2012)
- Vrijplaats Koppenhinksteeg (1968–2010)
- Wapping Autonomy Centre (1981–1982)
See also
- Lists of ungoverned communities
- List of socialist states
- Communist state
- List of stateless societies
- Permanent autonomous zone – a community that is autonomous from the generally recognized government or authority structure
- Zomia – the ungoverned highlands of Southeast Asia, held as an analogous anarchist society by professor James C. Scott
References
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Further reading
- Amster, Randall (2001). "Chasing Rainbows: Utopian Pragmatics and the Search for Anarchist Communities". Anarchist Studies. 9 (1): 29–52. Archived from the original on 11 December 2004.
- Amster, Randall (2003). "Restoring (Dis)Order: Sanctions, Resolutions, and "Social Control" in Anarchist Communities". Contemporary Justice Review. 6 (1): 9–24. doi:10.1080/1028258032000055612. S2CID 145108567.