List of IOC country codes

The International Olympic Committee (IOC) uses three-letter abbreviation country codes[1] to refer to each group of athletes that participate in the Olympic Games. Each geocode usually identifies a National Olympic Committee (NOC), but there are several codes that have been used for other instances in past Games, such as teams composed of athletes from multiple nations, or groups of athletes not formally representing any nation.

The flag of the international Olympic movement
The flag of the international Paralympic movement

Several of the IOC codes are different from the standard ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 codes. Other sporting organisations like FIFA use similar country codes to refer to their respective teams, but with some differences. Still others, such as the Commonwealth Games Federation or Association of Tennis Professionals, use the IOC list verbatim.

Because French is the first reference language of the IOC, followed by English, followed by the host country's language when necessary, most IOC codes have their origins from French or English.[2][3]

History

The 1956 Winter Olympics and 1960 Summer Olympics were the first Games to feature Initials of Nations to refer to each NOC in the published official reports.[4] However, the codes used at the next few Games were often based on the host nation's language (e.g., GIA for Japan at the 1956 Winter Olympics and 1960 Summer Olympics, both held in Italy, from Italian Giappone) or based on the French name for the nation (e.g., AUT for Austria, from Autriche). By the 1972 Winter Olympics, most codes were standardized on the current usage, but several have changed in recent years. Additionally, the dissolution of the Soviet Union, division and unification of Germany, breakup of Yugoslavia, dissolution of Czechoslovakia, and several other instances of geographical renaming have all resulted in code changes.

In addition to this list of over 200 NOCs, the participation of National Paralympic Committees (NPCs) at the Paralympic Games requires standardised IOC codes, such as Macau (or as "Macau, China" since 1999) and the Faroe Islands, coded MAC and FRO respectively.[5][6]

Current NOCs

There are 206 current NOCs (National Olympic Committees) within the Olympic Movement. The following tables show the currently used code for each NOC and any different codes used in past Games, per the official reports from those Games. Some of the past code usage is further explained in the following sections. Codes used specifically for a Summer Games only or a Winter Games only, within the same year, are indicated by "S" and "W" respectively.

Code National Olympic Committee Other codes used Link
AFG Afghanistan
ALB Albania
ALG Algeria
  • AGR (1964)
  • AGL (1968 S) from Spanish Argelia
AND Andorra
ANG AngolaANO (As referenced in IAAF World Championships Beijing 2015 Statistics Handbook)[7]
ANT Antigua and Barbuda
ARG Argentina
ARM Armenia
ARU Aruba
ASA American SamoaAMS[7]
AUS Australia
AUT Austriacurrent code from French Autriche
AZE Azerbaijan
BAH Bahamas
BAN Bangladesh
BAR BarbadosBAD (1964)
BDI Burundi
BEL Belgium
BEN Benin
  • DAY (1964)
  • DAH (1968–1976) as Dahomey
BER Bermuda
BHU Bhutan
BIH Bosnia and HerzegovinaBSH (1992 S), BOS[7] current code from Bosnian Bosna i Hercegovina
BIZ BelizeHBR (1968–1972) from French Honduras britannique as British Honduras Also BHO[7]
BLR Belarus
BOL Bolivia
BOT Botswana
BRA Brazil
BRN BahrainBHR[7]
BRU Brunei
BUL Bulgaria
BUR Burkina FasoVOL (1972–1984) as Upper Volta Also BKF[7]
CAF Central African RepublicAFC (1968)
CAM Cambodia
CAN Canada
CAY Cayman Islands
CGO Republic of the Congo
CHA ChadCHD (1964)
CHI Chile
  • CIL (1956 W
  • 1960 S) from Italian Cile
CHN ChinaPRC (1952 S) as People's Republic of China
CIV Ivory Coast
  • IVC (1964)
  • CML (1968) from Spanish Costa de Marfil
current code from French Côte d'Ivoire
CMR Cameroon
COD Democratic Republic of the Congo
COK Cook IslandsCKI[7]
COL Colombia
COM Comoros
CPV Cape VerdeCVD[7]
CRC Costa RicaCOS (1964)
CRO Croatia
CUB Cuba
CYP Cyprus
CZE Czech Republic
DEN Denmark
  • DAN (1960 S
  • 1968 W)
  • DIN (1968 S)
previous codes taken from Italian Danimarca, French Danemark and Spanish Dinamarca
DJI Djibouti
DMA DominicaDMN[7]
DOM Dominican Republic
ECU Ecuador
EGY Egypt
previous codes taken from Italian Repubblica Araba Unita, French République Arabe Unie and Spanish República Árabe Unida
ERI Eritrea
ESA El SalvadorSAL (1964–1976)
ESP Spain
  • SPA (1956–1964
  • 1968 W)
current code taken from French Espagne or Spanish España
EST Estonia
ETH Ethiopia
  • ETI (1960
  • 1968)
FIJ FijiFIG (1960) from Italian Figi
FIN Finland
FRA France
FSM Federated States of Micronesia
GAB Gabon
GAM The Gambia
GBR Great Britain
  • GRB (1956 W–1960)
  • GBI (1964)
GBS Guinea-Bissau
GEO Georgia
GEQ Equatorial Guinea
GER Germany
GHA Ghana
GRE Greece
GRN Grenada
GUA GuatemalaGUT (1964)
GUI Guinea
GUM Guam
GUY Guyana
  • GUA (1960)
  • GUI (1964)
BGU[7]
HAI Haiti
HKG Hong Kong, ChinaHOK (1960–1968)
HON Honduras
HUN Hungary
  • UNG (1956 W
  • 1960 S) from Italian Ungheria
INA IndonesiaINS (1960)
IND India
IRI Iran
  • IRN (1956–1988)
  • IRA (1968 W)
current code from Islamic Republic of Iran
IRL Irelandcurrent code taken from French Irlande
IRQ Iraq
  • IRK (1960
  • 1968) from French/Spanish Irak
ISL Iceland
  • ICE (1960 W
  • 1964 S)
current code taken from French Islande, Icelandic Ísland or Spanish Islandia
ISR Israel
ISV Virgin Islandscurrent code taken from French Îles Vierges (des États-Unis)
ITA Italy
IVB British Virgin Islandscurrent code taken from French Îles Vierges britanniques
JAM Jamaica
JOR Jordan
JPN Japan
  • GIA (1956 W
  • 1960 S) from Italian Giappone
  • JAP (1960 W)
KAZ Kazakhstan
KEN Kenya
KGZ Kyrgyzstan
KIR Kiribati
KOR South Korea
  • COR (1956 W
  • 1960 S
  • 1968 S
  • 1972 S)
previous code taken from Italian Corea, French Corée and Spanish Corea
KOS Kosovo
KSA Saudi Arabia
  • ARS (1968–1976) from French Arabie saoudite
  • SAU (1980–1984)
current code from Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
KUW Kuwait
LAO Laos
LAT Latvia
LBA Libya
  • LYA (1964)
  • LBY (1968 W)
LBN Lebanon
  • LEB (1960 W
  • 1964 S)
  • LIB (1964–2016) from French Liban
LBR Liberia
LCA Saint Lucia
LES Lesotho
LIE Liechtenstein
  • LIC (1956 W
  • 1964 S
  • 1968 W)
LTU LithuaniaLIT (1992 W)
LUX Luxembourg
MAD MadagascarMAG (1964)
MAR MoroccoMRC (1964); current code from French Maroc
MAS MalaysiaMAL (1964–1988)
MAW Malawi
MDA MoldovaMLD (1994)
MDV Maldives
MEX Mexico
MGL MongoliaMON (1968 W)
MHL Marshall Islands
MKD North Macedoniacurrent code taken from Macedonian Македонија/Makedonija
MLI Mali
MLT MaltaMAT (1960–1964)
MNE Montenegro
MON Monaco
MOZ Mozambique
MRI MauritiusFrom French Maurice
MTN Mauritania
MYA Myanmar
  • BIR (1948–1960
  • 1968–1988) from French Birmanie
  • BUR (1964) as Burma
NAM Namibia
NCA Nicaragua
  • NCG (1964)
  • NIC (1968)
NED Netherlands
  • OLA (1956 W) from Italian Olanda
  • NET (1960 W)
  • PBA (1960 S) from Italian Paesi Bassi
  • NLD (1964 S)
  • HOL (1968–1988) as Holland
current code taken from Dutch Nederland
NEP Nepal
NGR Nigeria
  • NIG (1960 S)
  • NGA (1964)
NIG NigerNGR (1964)
NOR Norway
NRU Nauru
NZL New Zealand
  • NZE (1960
  • 1968 W)
OMA Oman
PAK Pakistan
PAN Panama
PAR Paraguay
PER Peru
PHI Philippines
  • FIL (1960
  • 1968) from Italian Filippine and Spanish Filipinas
PLE Palestine
PLW Palau
PNG Papua New Guinea
  • NGY (1976–1980)
  • NGU (1984–1988)
POL Poland
POR Portugal
PRK North Korea
  • NKO (1964 S
  • 1968 W)
  • CDN (1968) from French Corée du Nord or Spanish Corea del Norte
current code from People's Republic of Korea
PUR Puerto Rico
  • PRI (1960)
  • PRO (1968)
QAT Qatar
ROU Romania
  • ROM (1956–1960
  • 1972–2006)
  • RUM (1964–1968) from obsolete spelling Rumania
current code from French Roumanie
RSA South AfricaSAF (1960–1972)
current code from Republic of South Africa
RUS RussiaFrom 1994 to 2016
RWA Rwanda
SAM SamoaWSM (1984–1996) as Western Samoa
SEN SenegalSGL (1964)
SEY Seychelles
SGP SingaporeSIN (1959–2016)
SKN Saint Kitts and Nevis
SLE Sierra LeoneSLA (1968)
SLO Slovenia
SMR San MarinoSMA (1960–1964)
SOL Solomon Islands
SOM Somalia
SRB Serbia
SRI Sri Lanka
  • CEY (1948–1964
  • 1972) as Ceylon
  • CEI (1968 S) from Spanish Ceilán
SSD South Sudan
STP São Tomé and Príncipe
SUD Sudan
SUI Switzerland
  • SVI (1956 W
  • 1960 S) from Italian Svizzera
  • SWI (1960 W
  • 1964 S)
current code from French Suisse
SUR Suriname
SVK Slovakia
SWE Sweden
  • SVE (1956 W
  • 1960 S) from Italian Svezia
  • SUE (1968 S) from Spanish Suecia
SWZ Eswatinicurrent code from former name Swaziland
SYR SyriaSIR (1968) from Spanish Siria
TAN Tanzania
TGA TongaTON (1984)
THA Thailand
TJK Tajikistan
TKM Turkmenistan
TLS Timor-Lestecurrent code taken from Portuguese Timor-Leste
TOG Togo
TPE Chinese Taipei[8]
TTO Trinidad and Tobago
  • TRT (1964–1968)
  • TRI (1972–2012)
TUN Tunisia
TUR Turkey
TUV Tuvalu
UAE United Arab Emirates
UGA Uganda
UKR Ukraine
URU UruguayURG (1968)
USA United States
  • SUA (1960 S) from Italian Stati Uniti d'America
  • EUA (1968 S) from French États-Unis d'Amérique or Spanish Estados Unidos de América
UZB Uzbekistan
VAN Vanuatu
VEN Venezuela
VIE Vietnam
  • VET (1964)
  • VNM (1968–1976)
VIN Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
YEM Yemen
ZAM ZambiaNRH (1964) as Northern Rhodesia
ZIM ZimbabweRHO (1960–1972) as Rhodesia

Current NPCs

Most National Paralympic Committees (NPC) cover a territory with an active NOC. In these cases the NPC codes matches the IOC codes shown above. The two current NPCs without a corresponding NOC use the following NPC codes.

Code National Paralympic Committee Link
MAC Macau, ChinaAssociação Recreativa dos Deficientes de Macau
FRO Faroe IslandsThe Faroese Sport Organisation for Disabled

Historic NOCs and teams

Codes still in use

Fourteen historical NOCs or teams have codes that are still used in the IOC results database[9] to refer to past medal winners from these teams.

Code Nation/Team Other codes used
AHO Netherlands Antilles
  • ATO (1960)
  • NAN (1964)
code from French Antilles hollandaises
ANZ AustralasiaAlso AUA[7]
BOH Bohemia
BWI British West Indies
  • ANT (1960
  • 1968) from Antilles
  • WID (1964)
EUA United Team of GermanyGER (1956–1964)
code taken from French Équipe unifiée d'Allemagne
EUN Unified Teamcode from the French Équipe unifiée or Spanish Equipo Unificado
FRG West Germany
  • ALL (1968 W) from French Allemagne
  • ALE (1968 S) from Spanish Alemania
  • GER (1972–1976)
code FRG taken from Federal Republic of Germany
GDR East GermanyADE (1968) from Spanish Alemania Democrática
code GDR taken from German Democratic Republic
RU1 Russian Empire
SCG Serbia and Montenegrocode from Serbian Србија и Црна Гора / Srbija i Crna Gora
TCH Czechoslovakia
  • CSL (1956 W)
  • CZE (1960 W)
  • CSV (1960 S)
  • CZS (1964 S)
  • CHE (1968 S) from Spanish Checoslovaquia
code taken from French Tchécoslovaquie
URS Soviet UnionSOV (1968 W)
code from French Union des républiques socialistes soviétiques (URSS)
VNM South VietnamCode of Republic of Vietnam from 1955 to 1975.[10]
YUG Yugoslavia
  • JUG (1956–1960
  • 1968 W) from Југославија/Jugoslavija in native languages
  • YUS (1964 S)
ZZX Mixed team

Obsolete codes

Unlike the previous list, these codes no longer appear in the IOC results database. When a past athlete from one of these teams has won a medal, the new code is shown next to them instead.

Code Nation (NOC) Years Notes
BIR Burma
From French Birmanie		1948–1988Now  Myanmar (MYA)
CEY Ceylon
From French Ceylan		1948–1972Now  Sri Lanka (SRI)
DAH Dahomey1964–1976Now  Benin (BEN)
GUI British Guiana1948–1964Now  Guyana (GUY).
The code former GUI has been reassigned to  Guinea (GUI) in 1965 when its new NOC was recognized by the IOC and used publicly in their first competed games in 1968. All formerly known by BGU[7]
HBR British Honduras
From French Honduras britannique		1968–1972Now  Belize (BIZ)
IHO Dutch East Indies
code from French Indes orientales hollandaises		1934–1938Now  Indonesia (INA)
KHM Khmer Republic
From French République khmère		1972Now  Cambodia (CAM)
MAL Malaysia
From French Malaisie		1956–1960Competed independently before the formation of Malaysia in 1963.
Now  Malaysia (MAS)
NBO North Borneo1956
NRH Northern Rhodesia1964Now  Zambia (ZAM)
RAU United Arab Republic
code from French République arabe unie		1960Now  Egypt (EGY) and  Syria (SYR)
RHO Rhodesia
also Southern Rhodesia and Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland until it became Zimbabwe in 1980		1960–1972Now  Zimbabwe (ZIM)
ROC Republic of China1932–1976Medal winners from 1948 and earlier display as  China (CHN), while medal winners from after 1948 display as  Chinese Taipei (TPE) under which the team now competes.
SAA Saar1952Competed independently before rejoining  West Germany (FRG) in 1957
UAR United Arab Republic1964–1968Now  Egypt (EGY)
VOL Upper Volta1972–1984Now  Burkina Faso (BUR)
WSM Western Samoa1984–1996Now  Samoa (SAM)
YAR North Yemen
code from Yemen Arab Republic		1984–1988Competed independently before Yemeni unification in 1990.
Now  Yemen (YEM)
YMD South Yemen
code from Yemen Democratic Republic		1988
ZAI Zaire
From French Zaïre		1972–1996Now  Democratic Republic of the Congo (COD)

Two other significant code changes have occurred, both because of a change in the nation's designation as used by the IOC:

  • HOL was changed to NED for the Netherlands for the 1992 Games, reflecting the change in designation from Holland.
  • IRN was changed to IRI for Iran for the 1992 Games, reflecting the change in designation to Islamic Republic of Iran.

Special codes for Olympics
Code Nation/team Years Notes
ANZ Australasia1908–1912Used in the IOC's medal database[9] to identify the team from Australasia, composed of athletes from both Australia and New Zealand for the 1908 and 1912 Games. Both nations competed separately by 1920.
COR Korea
from French Corée		2018Used for the unified Korean women's ice hockey team at the 2018 Winter Olympics. Also used when the delegations of the two Korean NOCs enter together during the opening and closing ceremonies.[11] The Unified Korea flag was used in the 2000 Summer Olympics but they are separate in the NOC code.[12]
EOR Refugee Olympic Team
from French Équipe olympique des réfugiés		2020Used for the IOC Refugee Olympic Team at the 2020 Summer Olympics for athletes to compete who have been displaced from their home countries. The IOC code was changed from ROT which was used in 2016.
EUA United Team of Germany
from French Équipe unifiée d'Allemagne		1956–1964Used in the IOC's medal database[9] to identify the United Team of Germany, composed of athletes representing the NOCs of both East Germany and West Germany for the 1956–1964 Games. The team was simply known as Germany in the official reports for those six games at the time.
EUN Unified Team
from French Équipe unifiée		1992Used in 1992 (both Summer and Winter Games) for the Unified Team, composed of athletes from most of the ex-republics of the Soviet Union that chose to compete as a unified team. Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were able to compete again as independent teams in 1992, whereas Russia and eleven other post-Soviet nations competed independently for the first time in 1994 and/or 1996.
IOP Independent Olympic Participants
  • 1992
  • 2014
Used for independent Olympic participants at the 1992 Summer Olympics as a designation used for athletes from FR Yugoslavia who could not compete as a team due to United Nations sanctions. At the 1992 Summer Olympics IOP was used as a designation for athletes from the Republic of Macedonia too. IOP was also used during the 2014 Winter Olympics in Sochi by Indian athletes due to the Indian Olympic Association suspension.
IOA Independent Olympic Athletes
  • 2000
  • 2012
  • 2016
Used for Individual Olympic Athletes in 2000,[13] a designation used for athletes from Timor-Leste before the formation of its NOC. IOA was used again in the 2012 Games, when it stood for Independent Olympic Athletes,[14] comprising athletes from the former Netherlands Antilles and a runner from South Sudan. The Netherlands Antilles Olympic Committee's membership from the IOC was withdrawn the previous year, and South Sudan has not formed an NOC. IOA was used again in 2016 for athletes from Kuwait as a result of the suspension of its National Olympic Committee.[15]
IOC Athletes from Kuwait2010–2012Used as the country code for Athletes from Kuwait, when the Kuwait Olympic Committee was suspended the first time, at the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, the 2010 Asian Games and the 2011 Asian Winter Games; for the second suspension in 2015–2017, athletes from Kuwait were also competing in several international competitions under the IOC flag, but this time in the team of Individual Olympic Athletes (IOA), including (but not only) in the 2016 Summer Olympics.
MIX Mixed-NOCs2010–Used as the country code for Mixed NOCs at the Youth Olympics.[16][17]
OAR Olympic Athletes from Russia2018Used for Olympic Athletes from Russia competing as neutral athletes due to the state-sponsored doping scandal.[18]
ROC ROC
from the abbreviation for Russian Olympic Committee		2020–Used for Russian Olympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Olympics and 2022 Winter Olympics following the sanctions due to the state-sponsored doping scandal.[19][20]
ROT Refugee Olympic Team2016Used for the Refugee Olympic Team at the 2016 Summer Olympics for athletes to compete who have been displaced from their home countries.[21]
ZZX Mixed team1896–1904Used in the IOC's medal database[9] to identify medals won by mixed teams of athletes from multiple nations (such as the combination of France and Great Britain, for example), a situation that happened several times in the Games of 1896, 1900, and 1904.

Special codes for Paralympics
Code Nation/Team Years Notes
IPP Independent Paralympic Participants1992Used for Independent Paralympic Participants at the 1992 Summer Paralympics as a designation used for athletes from FR Yugoslavia and Former Yugoslavian Republic of Macedonia who could not compete as a team due to United Nations sanctions.
IPA Individual Paralympic Athletes
  • 2000
De facto independent East Timor was not yet recognised as a sovereign state, and did not have a recognised National Paralympic Committee. Two athletes from the country gained the opportunity to in the 2000 Summer Paralympics in Sydney, but they competed officially as Individual Paralympic Athletes, rather than as representatives of an NPC.
IPA Independent Paralympic Athletes
  • 2016
A team consisting of refugee and asylee Paralympic athletes competed at the 2016 Summer Paralympics in Rio de Janeiro as Independent Paralympic Athletes.
NPA Neutral Paralympic Athletes
  • 2018
Used in 2018 for Russian athletes competing as neutral athletes due to the state-sponsored doping scandal. Was to be used in 2022 for Russian athletes competing as neutral athletes due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine,[22] however the Russian athletes were ultimately banned before the start of the 2022 Games.
PNA Paralympic Neutral Athletes—Was to be used for Belarusian athletes competing as neutral athletes due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine,[22] however the Belarusian athletes were ultimately banned before the start of the 2022 Winter Paralympics and the code was not used.
RPC RPC
from the abbreviation for Russian Paralympic Committee
  • 2020
Used for Russian Paralympic Committee athletes at the 2020 Summer Paralympics following the sanctions due to the state-sponsored doping scandal. Was to be used in 2022 as well, however the Russian athletes were ultimately banned due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
RPT Refugee Paralympic Team2020

Special codes for World Games

The World Games are a multi-sport event comprising sports and sporting disciplines that are not contested in the Olympic Games. The World Games are governed by the International World Games Association, under the patronage of the International Olympic Committee.

Code Nation/Team Years Notes
HNL[23] Iroquois2022The Haudenosaunee Confederacy (also known as the Iroquois, who invented the sport of lacrosse and which has spiritual significance to them) were initially denied a spot to compete at the 2022 World Games, despite the Iroquois national team's placement at the 2018 World Lacrosse Championship, due to not having a recognized NOC and issues concerning other countries recognizing sovereignty; they were given a spot to compete after Ireland agreed to drop out of competition in a show of solidarity.[24][25][26]

See also

References
  1. "Olympic Documents - Athletes, Olympic Games, IOC and More" (PDF). Olympic.org. 18 May 2021.
  2. As per rule 24 of the Olympic Charter, which writes "The official languages of the IOC are French and English. In the case of divergence between the French and English texts of the Olympic Charter and any other IOC document, the French text shall prevail unless expressly provided otherwise in writing"
  3. "Le français, langue officielle des JO". Linternaute.com. Retrieved 2022-02-22.
  4. Mallon, Bill; Karlsson, Ove (May 2004). "IOC and OCOG Abbreviations for NOCs" (PDF). Journal of Olympic History. 12 (2): 25–28. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  5. Faroe Islands Archived 2012-12-04 at archive.today
  6. Macau, China Archived 2013-01-03 at archive.today
  7. "IAAF World Championships Beijing 2015 Statistics Handbook" (PDF). Iaaf-ebooks.s3.amazonaws.com. Retrieved 2022-02-22.
  8. Official name given to the Republic of China for international organizations
  9. "Olympic Medal Winners". International Olympic Committee. Retrieved 2008-02-08.
  10. "MUNICH 1972 SHOOTING 50M PISTOL 60 SHOTS MIXED RESULTS". Olympic.org.
  11. IOC. "Olympic Korean Peninsula Declaration" (PDF). Retrieved 20 January 2018.
  12. John Gittings (11 September 2000). "Two Koreas will march as one into Olympic stadium". TheGuardian.com.
  13. "The Results" (PDF). la84foundation.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-09-27.
  14. "Independent Olympic Athletes". London2012.com. London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games. Archived from the original on 2013-02-28.
  15. "Independent Olympic Athletes". Rio2016.com. Archived from the original on 15 August 2016. Retrieved 3 August 2016.
  16. "Mixed NOCs". Archived from the original on 2014-02-25.
  17. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2019-07-12. Retrieved 2018-11-18.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  18. "IOC suspends Russian NOC and creates a path for clean individual athletes to compete in PyeongChang 2018 under the Olympic Flag". Olympic.org. 24 January 2018.
  19. "Russian team to be branded as 'ROC' during Tokyo Olympics as part of doping sanctions". The Japan Times. 20 February 2021. Retrieved 2022-02-22.
  20. "Olympics: Russia to compete under ROC acronym in Tokyo as part of doping sanctions". Reuters. Reuters. 2021-02-19. Archived from the original on 2021-02-20. Retrieved 2021-02-20.
  21. Rio2016.org, 3 June 2016 Archived 2016-08-05 at the Wayback Machine
  22. "Russian and Belarusian athletes to still receive medals at Beijing 2022".
  23. "World Games 2022: Qualified Nations List". International World Games Association. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  24. Glennon, Michael (2020-09-05). "Ireland sacrifice place for good of 'Medicine Game'". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  25. "World Lacrosse Announces Teams for Men's Lacrosse Competition at TWG 2022; Iroquois Nationals Accept Invitation to Compete". TWG 2022 Birmingham. 7 Sep 2020. Retrieved 2020-09-30.
  26. Hamby, Bo (October 1, 2020). "Ireland Lacrosse Bows Out Of 2022 World Games So Iroquois Nationals Can Play". National Public Radio.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.