List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita

This article is a list of the countries of the world by gross domestic product (at purchasing power parity) per capita, i.e., the purchasing power parity (PPP) value of all final goods and services produced within a country in a given year, divided by the average (or mid-year) population for the same year.

Not to be confused with List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita.
See also: List of countries by average wage

Countries or territories by GDP (PPP) per capita in 2022.
  >$60,000
  $50,000 – $60,000
  $40,000 – $50,000
  $30,000 – $40,000
  $20,000 – $30,000
  $10,000 – $20,000
  $5,000 – $10,000
  $2,500 – $5,000
  $1,500 – $2,500
  <$1,500
  No data

As of 2019, the estimated average GDP per capita (PPP) of all of the countries of the world is Int$ 18,381.[n 1] For rankings regarding wealth, see list of countries by wealth per adult.

Method

The gross domestic product (GDP) per capita figures on this page are derived from PPP calculations. Such calculations are prepared by various organizations, including the IMF and the World Bank. As estimates and assumptions have to be made, the results produced by different organizations for the same country are not hard facts and tend to differ, sometimes substantially, so they should be used with caution.

Comparisons of national wealth are frequently made on the basis of nominal GDP and savings (not just income), which do not reflect differences in the cost of living in different countries (see List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita); hence, using a PPP basis is arguably more useful when comparing generalized differences in living standards between nations because PPP takes into account the relative cost of living and the inflation rates of the countries, rather than using only exchange rates, which may distort the real differences in income.

This is why GDP (PPP) per capita is often considered one of the indicators of a country's standard of living,[3][4] although this can be problematic because GDP per capita is not a measure of personal income. (See Standard of living and GDP.)

All figures are in current international dollars, and rounded up or down to the nearest whole number.

Table

The table initially ranks each country or territory with their latest available estimates, and can be reranked by either of the sources

* Nearly all country links in the table take to articles titled "Income in country or territory" or to "Economy of country or territory".

GDP per capita (US$ PPP) by country or  territory 
Country/Territory Region IMF[5][6] World Bank[7] CIA[8]
Estimate Year Estimate Year Estimate Year
 Luxembourg *Europe140,6942022118,3602020114,4822019
 Liechtenstein *EuropeN/AN/A139,1002009
 Singapore *Asia131,580202298,526202097,3412019
 Ireland *Europe124,596202293,612202086,7812019
 Monaco *EuropeN/AN/A115,7002015
 Qatar *Asia112,789 202289,949202090,0442019
 Macau *Asia85,612202257,8072020123,9652019
 Bermuda *AmericasN/A85,264201981,7982019
 Switzerland *Europe84,658202271,352202068,6282019
 Isle of Man *EuropeN/AN/A84,6002014
 United Arab Emirates *Asia78,255202269,958201967,1192019
 Norway *Europe77,808202263,198202063,6332019
 Cayman Islands *AmericasN/A76,748201971,5492018
 United States *Americas76,027202263,544202062,5302019
 Brunei *Asia74,953202265,662202062,1002019
 Falkland Islands *AmericasN/AN/A70,8002015
 Hong Kong *Asia70,448202259,238202059,8482019
 San Marino *Europe70,139202263,420201959,4392018
 Denmark *Europe69,273202260,399202057,8042019
 Taiwan *Asia68,7302022N/A50,5002017
 Netherlands *Europe68,572202259,229202056,9352019
 Austria *Europe64,751202255,098202056,1882019
 Iceland *Europe64,621202255,216202055,8742019
 Andorra *Europe63,6002022N/A49,9002015
 Germany *Europe63,271202253,694202053,9192019
 Sweden *Europe62,926202254,563202053,2402019
 Australia *Oceania61,941202252,518202049,8542019
 Gibraltar *EuropeN/AN/A61,7002014
 Belgium *Europe61,587202251,968202051,9342019
 Finland *Europe58,010202251,090202048,6682019
 Canada *Americas57,812202248,073202049,0312019
 Bahrain *Asia57,424202243,181202045,0112019
 Jersey *EuropeN/AN/A56,6002016
 France *Europe56,036202246,227202046,1842019
 Saudi Arabia *Asia55,368202246,763202046,9622019
 United Kingdom *Europe55,301202244,916202046,6592019
 Malta *Europe54,647202242,640202044,0322019
 European Union *Europe53,201202244,491202044,4362019
 South Korea *Asia53,051202243,124202042,7652019
 Guernsey *EuropeN/AN/A52,5002014
 Kuwait *Asia50,919202251,962201949,8542019
 New Zealand *Oceania50,411202244,252202042,8882019
 Italy *Europe50,216202241,840202042,4922019
 Israel *Asia50,204202241,855202040,1452019
 Japan *Asia48,814202242,197201941,4292019
 Slovenia *Europe48,534202239,593202039,0882019
 Cyprus *Europe48,443202238,458202039,5452019
 Czech Republic *Europe47,527202241,737202040,8622019
 Lithuania *Europe46,479202238,735202037,2312019
 Spain *Europe46,413202238,335202040,9032019
 Saint Pierre and Miquelon *AmericasN/AN/A46,2002006
 Estonia *Europe44,778202238,395202036,9272019
 Puerto Rico *Americas42,759202235,279202034,5182019
 Greenland *AmericasN/AN/A41,8002015
 Poland *Europe41,685202234,265202033,2212019
 Hungary *Europe40,944202233,084202032,9452019
 Portugal *Europe40,805202234,496202034,8942019
 Bahamas *Americas40,274202232,454202037,1012019
 Faroe Islands *EuropeN/AN/A40,0002014
 Aruba *Americas39,508202238,897201737,5002017
 Slovakia *Europe38,620202231,832202032,7302019
 Guyana *Americas38,258202219,706202013,0822019
 Turkey *Asia37,488202228,120202028,4242019
 Latvia *Europe37,330202232,019202030,8982019
 U.S. Virgin Islands *AmericasN/AN/A37,0002016
 Romania *Europe36,622202231,946202029,9412019
 Croatia *Europe36,201202228,504202028,6022019
 Sint Maarten *AmericasN/A36,191201835,3422018
 Panama *Americas36,085202226,776202031,4592019
 Guam *OceaniaN/AN/A35,6002016
 Greece *Europe35,596202228,464202029,7992019
 Oman *Asia35,286202228,449201927,2992019
 Seychelles *Africa35,272202225,700202029,2232019
 British Virgin Islands *AmericasN/AN/A34,2002017
 Malaysia *Asia32,901202227,887202028,3642019
 New Caledonia *OceaniaN/AN/A31,1002015
 Kazakhstan *Asia30,502202226,729202026,3512019
 Russia *Europe30,013202228,213202027,0442019
 Trinidad and Tobago *Americas29,884202225,031202026,1762019
 Maldives *Asia29,133202213,766202019,5312019
 Bulgaria *Europe28,593202224,367202023,1742019
 Chile *Americas28,526202225,068202024,2262019
 Saint Kitts and Nevis *Americas27,608202224,537202026,4382019
 Uruguay *Americas26,663202222,795202021,5612019
 Argentina *Americas25,822202220,768202022,0642019
 Curaçao *AmericasN/A25,530201924,4792019
 Mauritius *Africa25,043202220,539202022,8702019
 Montenegro *Europe24,878202220,567202021,4702019
 Northern Mariana Islands *OceaniaN/AN/A24,5002016
 Costa Rica *Americas24,490202221,032202019,6422019
 Dominican Republic *Americas23,983202217,937202018,4132019
 Serbia *Europe23,904202219,231202018,2332019
 Turks and Caicos IslandsAmericasN/A22,282202029,2532019
 Mexico *Americas22,216202218,833202019,7962019
 Antigua and Barbuda *Americas21,890202218,942202021,9102019
 Belarus *Europe21,686202220,200202019,1502019
 China *Asia21,364202217,312202016,1172019
 Thailand *Asia21,057202218,236202018,4602019
 North Macedonia *Europe19,726202216,927202016,4792019
 Saint Martin *AmericasN/AN/A19,3002005
 Botswana *Africa19,287202216,921202017,7672019
 Equatorial Guinea *Africa19,036202217,942202018,5582019
 Turkmenistan *Asia18,857202216,196201914,8452018
 Georgia *Asia18,594202214,863202014,9922019
 Libya *Africa18,345202210,847202015,1742019
 Iran *Asia18,332202213,116202012,3892019
 Grenada *Americas18,293202215,893202017,0392019
 Colombia *Americas18,225202214,565202014,7222019
 Gabon *Africa17,848202215,191202014,9502019
 Bosnia and Herzegovina *Europe17,471202215,612202014,9122019
 Barbados *Americas17,408202213,577202015,6392019
 Albania *Europe17,383202213,818202013,9652019
 Suriname *Americas17,300202217,016202016,5252019
 Brazil *Americas17,208202214,836202014,6522019
 Azerbaijan *Asia17,153202214,452202014,4042019
 WorldN/A 17,110 202017,5002017
 French Polynesia *OceaniaN/AN/A17,0002015
 Moldova *Europe16,719202213,002202013,0502019
 Cook Islands *OceaniaN/AN/A16,7002016
 Saint Lucia *Americas16,509202212,944202015,4492019
 Armenia *Asia15,818202213,284202013,6542019
 Saint Vincent and the Grenadines *Americas15,505202212,770202012,4852019
 Sri Lanka *Asia15,387202213,225202013,0782019
 South Africa *Africa15,361202212,096202012,4822019
 Peru *Americas15,035202211,879202012,8482019
 Egypt *Africa14,928202212,608202011,7632019
 Indonesia *Asia14,535202212,074202011,8122019
 Dominica *Americas14,491202210,435202011,9172019
 Paraguay *Americas14,430202213,013202012,6852019
 Ukraine *Europe14,325202113,057202012,8102019
 Kosovo *Europe13,964202211,368202011,3682019
 Palau *Oceania13,652202218,316201917,5792019
 Fiji *Oceania13,598202211,601202013,6842019
 Mongolia *Asia13,350202212,101202012,3172019
 Algeria *Africa13,002202211,268202011,5112019
 Bhutan *Asia12,967202211,508202011,8322019
 Vietnam *Asia12,88120228,65120208,0412019
 Ecuador *Americas12,664202210,896202011,3752019
 Tunisia *Africa12,300202210,262202010,7562019
 Cuba *AmericasN/AN/A12,3002016
 Lebanon *Asia12,035202012,289202014,5522019
 Anguilla *AmericasN/AN/A12,2002008
 Iraq *Asia12,14120229,764202010,8812019
 Jordan *Asia11,861202210,356202010,0712019
 Jamaica *Americas11,80220229,22220209,7622019
 American Samoa *OceaniaN/AN/A11,2002016
 Nauru *Oceania10,750202214,100201911,5832019
 El Salvador *Americas10,58120228,49920208,7762019
 Namibia *Africa10,44820229,38220209,6372019
 Eswatini *Africa10,41120228,85420208,6222019
 Philippines *Asia10,23720228,39020208,9082019
 Guatemala *Americas9,91120228,85420208,6372019
 Bolivia *Americas9,85620228,36720208,7242019
 Uzbekistan *Asia9,24320227,37820206,9992019
 Laos *Asia9,18420228,23520207,8262019
 Morocco *Africa9,04120227,29620207,5152019
 India *Asia8,35820226,45420206,7002019
 Cape Verde *Africa7,74020226,37720207,1722019
 Angola *Africa7,36020226,53920206,6702019
 Belize *Americas7,14720226,45620207,0052019
 Nicaragua *Americas7,07120225,57020205,4072019
 Mauritania *Africa6,92020225,25720205,1972019
 Tonga *Oceania6,78320226,64820196,3832019
 Ghana *Africa6,75420225,59620205,4132019
 Honduras *Americas6,74020225,42120205,7282019
 Djibouti *Africa6,66720225,78220205,5352019
 Bangladesh *Asia6,63320225,08320204,7542019
 Pakistan *Asia6,47020224,87720204,6902019
 Syria *Asia6,3742010N/A2,9002015
 Ivory Coast *Africa6,34520225,45820205,2132019
 Palestine *Asia6,243[n 2]20225,69020206,2202019
 Kenya *Africa6,06120224,45220204,3302019
 Tokelau *OceaniaN/AN/A6,0042017
 Venezuela *Americas5,949202217,52820117,7042018
 Samoa *Oceania5,93520226,77820196,5212019
 Nigeria *Africa5,85320225,18720205,1362019
 Niue *OceaniaN/AN/A5,8002003
 Tuvalu *Oceania5,79820224,65320204,2812019
 Kyrgyzstan *Asia5,56220224,96520205,2532019
 Cambodia *Asia5,49320224,42220204,3892019
 Myanmar *Asia4,77620224,79420205,1422019
 São Tomé and Príncipe *Africa4,68120224,27420203,9702019
 Tajikistan *Asia4,63020223,85820203,3802019
 Nepal *Asia4,57820224,00920203,4172019
 Congo *Africa4,57820223,63920203,6732019
 Sudan *Africa4,44220224,24420203,9582019
 Cameroon *Africa4,39820223,77320203,6422019
 Papua New Guinea *Oceania4,29920224,32620204,3552019
 Marshall Islands *Oceania4,19220224,20020193,8892018
 Benin *Africa4,13720223,50620203,2872019
 Senegal *Africa4,09320223,48120203,3952019
 Wallis and Futuna *OceaniaN/AN/A3,8002004
 Zambia *Africa3,77620223,45020203,4702019
 Micronesia *Oceania3,65020223,61320193,4642018
 Ethiopia *Africa3,40720222,42320202,2212019
 Tanzania *Africa3,35820222,78020202,6602019
 Comoros *Africa3,35520223,31320203,0602019
 East Timor *Asia3,33920223,35620203,5532019
 Haiti *Americas3,18920222,92520202,9052019
 Lesotho *Africa3,03420222,40520202,7042019
 Guinea *Africa3,02920222,81820202,5622019
 Uganda *Africa2,96120222,29720202,1872019
 Vanuatu *Oceania2,85120222,91520203,1532019
 Rwanda *Africa2,80820222,21420202,2272019
 Guinea-Bissau *Africa2,78420221,94920201,9892019
 Burkina Faso *Africa2,66320222,27920202,1782019
 GambiaAfrica2,64620222,27820202,2232019
 Togo *Africa2,59920222,22420201,5972019
 Mali *Africa2,57520222,33920202,3222019
 Zimbabwe *Africa2,52320222,89520202,8362019
 Afghanistan *Asia2,45620202,08820202,0652019
 Solomon Islands *Oceania2,38520222,61920202,6632019
 Kiribati *Oceania2,14820222,41820202,2722019
 Eritrea *Africa2,10120221,62620111,6002019
 Yemen *Asia2,07820223,68920132,5002017
 Sierra Leone *Africa1,95820221,73920201,7182019
 Liberia *Africa1,77920221,42820201,4282019
 Madagascar *Africa1,77820221,59320201,6472019
 Chad *Africa1,70520221,60320201,5802019
 North Korea *AsiaN/AN/A1,7002015
 Malawi *Africa1,60320221,56820201,0602019
 Mozambique *Africa1,43920221,29720201,2812019
 Niger *Africa1,43520221,26320201,2252019
 Somalia *Africa1,3222022875.22020N/A
 DR Congo *Africa1,31620221,13120201,0982019
 Central African Republic *Africa1,1022022979.620209452019
 South Sudan *Africa92820221,23520151,6002017
 Burundi *Africa8562022771.220207522019

Expanding the coverage of illegal economic activities in euro area national accounts

The share of the shadow economy is significant in many European countries, ranging from less than 10 to over 40 percent of GDP.[9] Since 2014, EU member states have been encouraged by Eurostat, the official statistics body, to include some illegal activities.[10][11][12]

Distorted GDP-per-capita for tax havens
Main articles: Corporate haven § GDP-per-capita tax haven proxy, and Corporate haven § Distorted GDP/GNP

There are many natural economic reasons for GDP-per-capita to vary between jurisdictions (e.g. places rich in Oil & Gas reserves tend to have high GDP-per-capita figures). However, it is increasingly being recognized that tax havens, or corporate tax havens, have distorted economic data which produces artificially high, or inflated, GDP-per-capita figures.[13] It is estimated that over 15% of global jurisdictions are tax havens (see tax haven lists).[14] An IMF investigation estimates that circa 40% of global FDI flows, which heavily influence the GDP of various jurisdictions, are described as "phantom" transactions.[15]

A stunning $12 trillion—almost 40 percent of all foreign direct investment positions globally—is completely artificial: it consists of financial investment passing through empty corporate shells with no real activity. These investments in empty corporate shells almost always pass through well-known tax havens. The eight major pass-through economies—the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Hong Kong SAR, the British Virgin Islands, Bermuda, the Cayman Islands, Ireland, and Singapore—host more than 85 percent of the world’s investment in special purpose entities, which are often set up for tax reasons.

— "Piercing the Veil", International Monetary Fund, June 2018[15]

In 2017, Ireland's economic data became so distorted by U.S. multinational tax avoidance strategies (see leprechaun economics), also known as BEPS actions, that Ireland effectively abandoned GDP (and GNP) statistics as credible measures of its economy, and created a replacement statistic called modified gross national income (or GNI*). Ireland is one of the world's largest corporate tax havens.

Ireland has, more or less, stopped using GDP to measure its own economy. And on current trends [because Irish GDP is distorting EU-28 aggregate data], the eurozone taken as a whole may need to consider something similar.

— Brad Setser, Council on Foreign Relations, "Ireland exports its Leprechaun", 25 April 2018[16]

The statistical distortions created by the impact on the Irish National Accounts of the global assets and activities of a handful of large multinational corporations have now become so large as to make a mockery of conventional uses of Irish GDP.

— Patrick Honohan, ex-Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland, 13 July 2016[17]

A list of the top 15 GDP-per-capita countries from 2016 to 2017, contains most of the major global tax havens (see GDP-per-capita tax haven proxy for more detail):

International Monetary Fund (2017) World Bank (2016)[18][19]
Rank Country/Territory Type
1 QatarOil & Gas
— MacauTax haven (Sink OFC)
2 LuxembourgTop 10 Tax haven (Sink OFC)
3 SingaporeTop 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC)
4 BruneiOil & Gas
5 IrelandTop 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC)
6 NorwayOil & Gas
7 KuwaitOil & Gas
8 United Arab EmiratesOil & Gas
9  SwitzerlandTop 10 Tax Haven (Conduit OFC)
— Hong KongTop 10 Tax Haven (Sink OFC)
10 San MarinoTax haven (Sink OFC)
11 United States59,495
12 Saudi ArabiaOil & Gas
13 NetherlandsTop 10 Tax Haven (Conduit OFC)
14 Iceland52,150
15 BahrainOil & Gas
Rank Country/Territory Type
1 QatarOil & Gas
2 LuxembourgTop 10 Tax haven (Sink OFC)
— MacauTax haven (Sink OFC)
3 SingaporeTop 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC)
4 BruneiOil & Gas
5 United Arab EmiratesOil & Gas
6 IrelandTop 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC)
7  SwitzerlandTop 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC)
8 NorwayOil & Gas
— Hong KongTop 10 Tax haven (Sink OFC)
9 United States57,467
10 Saudi ArabiaOil & Gas
11 Iceland51,399
12 NetherlandsTop 10 Tax haven (Conduit OFC)
13 Austria50,078
14 Denmark49,496
15 Sweden49,175

See also

Notes
  1. There have been no exclusive estimate for world average by IMF. For calculating 2019 data, total GDP estimate by IMF[1] have been divided by total population estimates by United Nations Population Prospects.[2]
  2. The name used in IMF report is "West Bank and Gaza"

References
  1. "World Economic Outlook Database, 2019". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  2. ""Overall total population" – World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision" (xslx). population.un.org (custom data acquired via website). United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division. Retrieved 24 February 2020.
  3. "Sarkozy attacks focus on economic growth (French president urges more emphasis on quality of life)", The Guardian, 14-09-2009.
  4. "Alternative progress indicators to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a means towards sustainable development"
  5. "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 19 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  6. "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2022". IMF.org. International Monetary Fund. 19 April 2022. Retrieved 20 April 2022.
  7. "GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) | Data". data.worldbank.org. Retrieved 2 July 2021.
  8. Real GDP per capita, The World Factbook, Central Intelligence Agency. Accessed on 12 May 2021.
  9. "Explaining the Shadow Economy in Europe: Size, Causes and Policy Options". International Monetary Fund. November 2019.
  10. "Sizing Up Black Markets and Red-Light Districts for G.D.P." The New York Times. 9 July 2014.
  11. "GDP to include illegal activity". Financier Worldwide Magazine. August 2014.
  12. "Handbook on the compilation of statistics on illegal economic activities in national accounts and balance of payments". Eurostat. 6 March 2018.
  13. "How tax havens turn economic statistics into nonsense". Quartz. 11 June 2018.
  14. Dharmapala, Dhammika; Hines, James R., Jr. (2009). "Which Countries Become Tax Havens?" (PDF). Journal of Public Economics. 93 (9–10): 1058–1068. doi:10.1016/j.jpubeco.2009.07.005. S2CID 16653726. The paper implicitly adopts the "smaller" tax haven approach, i.e., disregarding larger countries which have either low taxes rates (for example, Russia), or systems of taxation which permit them to be used to structure tax avoidance schemes (for example, the United Kingdom). It also excludes non-sovereign tax havens (for example, Delaware or Labuan).
  15. "Piercing the Veil, FINANCE & DEVELOPMENT, JUNE 2018, VOL. 55, NO. 2". IMF Finance & Development. June 2018.
  16. "Ireland Exports its Leprechaun". Council on Foreign Relations. 11 May 2018.
  17. "The Irish National Accounts: Towards some do's and don'ts". irisheconomy.ie. 13 July 2016.
  18. "PPP (current international $)". data.worldbank.org. World Bank. Retrieved 7 July 2020.
  19. "World Bank, International Comparison Program database". Retrieved 10 April 2018.
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