List of events named massacres

The following is a list of events for which one of the commonly accepted names includes the word "massacre".[1]

The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre (August 23, 1572) in Paris, France (painting by François Dubois)
This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Definition

Massacre is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary as "the indiscriminate and brutal slaughter of people or (less commonly) animals; carnage, butchery, slaughter in numbers". It also states that the term is used "in the names of certain massacres of history".[2]

The first recorded use in English of the word massacre in the name of an event is due to Christopher Marlowe, who in c. 1600 referred to what is now known as the St. Bartholomew's Day massacre as "The massacre at Paris".[3]

Massacre can also be used as a verb, as "To kill (people or, less commonly, animals) in numbers, esp. brutally and indiscriminately".[4] The first usage of which was "(c. 1588) Men which make no conscience for gaine sake, to breake the law of the æternall, and massaker soules (...) are dangerous subjects",[4] and this usage is not recorded in this list.

There are many alternative terms with similar connotations, such as butchery, carnage, bloodbath, mass killing, atrocity, etc. as well as euphemisms such as Vespers, Blutgericht or "attack", "incident", "tragedy" (etc.), use of which are outside the scope of this list.

Massacre is also used figuratively to describe dramatic events that did not involve any deaths, such as the "Hilo massacre" and the "Saturday Night Massacre"; this usage is also outside of the scope of this list.

Before or in 1945
Date Location Name Deaths Description
260 BC State of Zhao Battle of Changping 0,400,000400,000 Live burial of surrendered State of Zhao soldiers during Qin's wars of unification.[5]
207 BC Xin'an, Qin dynasty Xin'an massacre 0,200,000200,000+ Live burial of surrendered Qin dynasty soldiers after the Battle of Julu.[6]
88 BC Kingdom of Pontus Asiatic Vespers[7] 0,080,00080,000–150,000 Wholesale massacre of all Roman and Italic citizens in Asia Minor, starting the Mithridatic Wars.
61 Anglesey, Britannia Menai massacre 0,000,001Unknown Gaius Suetonius Paulinus ordered the Roman army to destroy the Celtic Druid stronghold on Anglesey in Britain, sacking Druidic colleges and sacred groves. The massacre helped impose Roman religion on Britain and sent Druidism into a decline from which it never recovered.[8][9]
193 Xu Province, Eastern Han dynasty Massacre of Xuzhou 0,100,000Hundred-thousands Warlord Cao Cao invaded several cities of Xu Province after his father, Cao Song, was killed in the province. Dead bodies of civilians blocked the Si River.[10]
390 Thessaloniki, Macedonia Massacre of Thessaloniki[11] 0,007,0007,000 Emperor Theodosius I of Rome ordered the executions after the citizens of Thessaloniki murdered a top-level military commander during a violent protest against the arrest of a popular charioteer.[12][13]
627 Fortress of Banu Qurayza, Saudi Arabia Massacre of Banu Qurayza[14] 0,000,600600–900 Muhammad ordered his followers to attack the Banu Qurayza because according to Muslim tradition he had been ordered to do so by the angel Gabriel.[15][16][17][18][19][20] Muhammad had a treaty with the tribe which was betrayed. 600–900 members of the Banu Qurayza (all males old enough to have pubic hair, all of whom were non-combatants) were beheaded, while the women and children of the tribe were sold into slavery (Tabari, Ibn Ishaq).[18][19][21] Al Waqidi influence is in Ibn Ishaqs biography. Stillman and Watt deny the authenticity of al-Waqidi.[22] Al-Waqidi has been frequently criticized by Muslim Ulama, who claim that he is unreliable.[23][24] A reliable source says all the warriors were killed based on Sa'd ibn Mu'adh judgement whom was appointed by Banu Qurzaya for arbitration.[25][26][27] 2 Muslims were killed.[18]
782 Verden, Lower Saxony, Germany Massacre of Verden[28] 0,004,5004,500 Charlemagne ordered the massacre of 4,500 imprisoned rebel pagan Saxons in response to losing two envoys, four counts, and twenty nobles in battle with the Saxons during his campaign to conquer and Christianize the Saxons during the Saxon Wars.[29]
November 13, 1002 various cities, England St. Brice's Day massacre[30] 0,000,001Unknown King Æthelred II "the Unready" of England ordered all Danes living in England killed. The Danes were accused of aiding Viking raiders. The King of Denmark, Sweyn Forkbeard, invaded England and deposed King Ethelred in 1013.[31][32][33]
1033 Fez, Morocco 1033 Fez massacre 0,006,0006,000+ Following their capture of the city of Fez from the Maghrawa tribal confederation, warriors of the Zenata Berber Banu Ifran tribe slaughtered over 6,000 Moroccan Jews.
December 30, 1066 Granada, Al-Andalus Massacre of the Jews of Granada[34] 0,004,0004,000 Apparently angered by a rumour that Jewish vizier Joseph ibn Naghrela intended to assassinate the king and take the throne for himself, a Muslim mob killed him and hung his body on a cross. The mob went on to kill the Jewish population of the city.[35][36][37][38]
1096 Rhineland, Germany and France Massacre of the Rhineland Jews[39] 0,060,00012,000[40] Series of mass murders of Jews perpetrated by mobs of French and German Christians of the People's Crusade.
1099 Jerusalem, Fatimid Caliphate Jerusalem Massacre[41][42] 0,060,000Thousands The culminating massacre of the First Crusade: Frankish expeditionary forces broke into besieged Jerusalem (then part of the Fatimid Caliphate) and killed Muslims and Jews.
May 1182 Constantinople, Byzantine Empire Massacre of the Latins[43] 0,060,00060,000–80,000 Wholesale massacre of all Latin (Western European) inhabitants of Constantinople by a mob.
1209 France Massacre at Béziers 0,015,00015,000+ First major military action of the Albigensian Crusade
1282 Kingdom of Sicily Massacre of the French in Sicily[44] 0,003,0003,000 Revolt against king Charles I, starting the War of the Sicilian Vespers
May 18, 1302 Bruges, Belgium Matins of Bruges 2,000 Flemish forces massacre thousands of French soldiers in their sleep.
March 21, 1349 Erfurt, Holy Roman Empire (now Germany) 1349 Erfurt massacre 0,000,100100+ Against the backdrop of the Black Death persecutions, members of Erfurt's Jewish community were lynched. Any survivors were expelled from the city.
mid-14th century Crow Creek Site, Great Plains, North America Crow Creek massacre[45][46] 0,000,500500[47] Prehistoric massacre of Central Plains villagers in what is now South Dakota, involving scalping and dismemberment of the victims.[47][48]
1370 Brussels, Duchy of Brabant (now part of Belgium Brussels massacre 0,000,0066-20 When a clerical usury scandal led to allegations of host desecration, multiple local Jews were executed or otherwise killed and the rest of the Jewish community was banished.
April 1506 Lisbon, Portugal Lisbon massacre 0,001,9001,900+ When a New Christian expressed skepticism about an apparent miracle, he was dragged out of the Church of São Domingos and beaten to death by an enraged crowd. Afterwards, New Christians in general were scapegoated for drought and plague sweeping the country at the time. Encouraged by seditionist Dominican friars, mobs of local townspeople and foreign sailors tortured and killed nearly 2,000 known or suspected New Christians for alleged heresy and deicide.
May 22, 1520 Tenochtitlan, Aztec Empire, Central America Massacre in the Great Temple of Tenochtitlan Thousands Spanish troops and Tlaxcalan allies under the command of conquistador Pedro de Alvarado killed a large number of Aztec priests, nobles and warriors in the Templo Mayor for unclear reasons.
November 8, 1520 Stockholm, Sweden Stockholm massacre[49] 0,000,08080–90[50] Days after his coronation in Stockholm, King Christian II of Denmark—trying to maintain the Kalmar Union, a personal union between Sweden, Norway and Denmark, and thus keep up his claims to the Swedish throne—liquidated nobles and bishops who earlier had opposed him, or who might stir up fresh opposition.[51][52][53]
November 16, 1532 Cajamarca, Atahualpa, Peru Cajamarca massacre 0,002,000~2,000 The Battle of Cajamarca was the unexpected ambush and seizure of the Inca ruler Atahualpa by a small Spanish force led by Francisco Pizarro, on November 16, 1532. The Spanish killed thousands of Atahualpa's counsellors, commanders and unarmed attendants in the great plaza of Cajamarca, and caused his armed host outside the town to flee. The capture of Atahualpa marked the opening stage of the conquest of the pre-Columbian Inca civilization of Peru.
1545 Mérindol, Vaucluse, Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France Mérindol massacre Hundreds or even thousands Francis I of France ordered that the Waldensians of the village of Mérindol be punished for their dissident religious activities. Provençal and papal soldiers killed large numbers of Waldensian villagers.
March 1, 1562 Wassy, France Massacre of Vassy 0,000,06363 The murder of Huguenot worshipers and citizens in an armed action by troops of Francis, Duke of Guise.
April 12, 1562 Sens, France Massacre of Sens 0,000,100100 French Catholics tied 100 French Huguenots to poles and drowned them in the Yonne.
1570 Cyprus Cyprus massacre 0,030,00030,000–50,000[54][55][56][57] Ottoman forces capturing Cyprus killed mostly Greek and Armenian Christian inhabitants.
1570 Novgorod, Tsardom of Russia Massacre of Novgorod 0,002,0002,000–60,000 Oprichniki were unleashed upon the city of Novgorod by Ivan the Terrible.
August 23, 1572 Paris, France Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day[58] 0,005,0005,000–70,000[59] The French King's soldiers and subjects slaughtered Huguenots; it was the first massacre to be labeled by that word in the English language.[59][60][61]
November 1574 Belfast, Ireland Clandeboye massacre 0,000,200200 During a meeting between The Earl of Essex and Sir Brian McPhelim O'Neill at Belfast Castle, the English forces turned on the O'Neills and killed 200 of them.
October 10, 1580 Kerry, Ireland Massacre of Smerwick[62] 0,000,600~600 English troops commanded by Lord Grey de Wilton massacred Italian and Spanish forces at Dun an Oir in West Kerry[63]
July 3, 1586 Junkersdorf, Holy Roman Empire (now part of Cologne's Third District) Junkersdorf massacre 0,000,108108 During the Cologne War, marauding soldiers in the employ of prince-elector Archbishop Ernest of Bavaria attacked a civilian convoy.
January 22–24, 1599 Acoma Pueblo, New Mexico Acoma Massacre ~800 Spanish conquistadors launch an expedition and massacre Acoma people
October 1603 Manila, Captaincy General of the Philippines Chinese massacre of 1603 0,015,00015,000–25,000[64] Fearing an uprising by the large Chinese community in the Philippines, the Spanish colonists carried out a preemptive massacre, largely in the Manila area, in October 1603.
March 22, 1622 Jamestown, Virginia Jamestown massacre[65][66] 0,000,347347 The Powhatans killed 347 settlers, almost one-third of the English population of the Virginia colony.
1636 Liuqiu Island, Taiwan Lamey Island Massacre[67] 0,000,400~300 Dutch forces massacred indigenous inhabitants
May 26, 1637 Mystic, Connecticut Fort Mystic massacre[68] 0,000,400400–700 Connecticut colonists under the command of Captain John Mason and Narragansett and Mohegan allies set fire to a fortified Pequot village near the Mystic River.
November 1639 Luzon, Captaincy General of the Philippines "Chinese massacre of 1639"[69] 0,017,00017,000–22,000[64] The Spanish and their Filipino allies carried out a large-scale massacre, in which 17,000 to 22,000 Chinese rebels died.
1641 Ulster, Ireland Ulster massacres 0,004,0004,000–12,000 The Ulster Massacres were a series of massacres and resulting deaths amongst the ~40,000 Protestant settlers which took place in 1641 during the Irish Rebellion.[70][71][72]
November 1641 Portadown, Ireland Portadown massacre 0,000,100~100 The Portadown massacre took place in November 1641 at what is now Portadown, County Armagh. Up to 100 mostly English Protestants were killed in the River Bann by a group of armed Irishmen. This was the biggest massacre of Protestant colonists during the 1641–42 uprising.[73]
May 28, 1644 Bolton, England Bolton massacre 0,000,200200–1,600 Royalist forces killed many of the town's defenders and citizens.[74][75][76]
1645 Yangzhou, China Yangzhou massacre 0,800,000Up to 800,000 Qing troops killed residents of Yangzhou as punishment for resistance[77][78]
1645–46[79] Sichuan, China Sichuan massacre 1,000,000 est.[79] There is no reliable figure, but estimated 1 million out of 3 million Sichuanese died mainly due to the massacre by Zhang Xianzhong's army.[79]
1646 Dunoon, Scotland Dunoon massacre 0,000,07171 The Clan Campbell after receiving requested hospitality according to custom, slaughtered their Lamont Clan hosts in their beds and threw their bodies down the well to poison the water should they have missed anyone.
June 3, 1652 Batih Hill, near Ladyzhyn, Ukraine Batih massacre 8,000–8,500 After the Battle of Batih, Zaporozhian Cossacks under the command of Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky carried out a mass execution of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth prisoners of war, horrifying even the Cossacks' own Crimean Tatar allies.
July 18–31, 1656 Daugavpils, Latvia Siege of Dyneburg 3,400 Russian troops kill all of the defenders of the Dyneburg fortress
August 5, 1689 Lachine, New France Lachine massacre 0,000,02424–250 1,500 Mohawk warriors launch a surprise attack on the small (375 inhabitants) French settlement of Lachine, destroying a substantial portion of it and killing or capturing many of its inhabitants.
February 13, 1692 Scotland Massacre of Glencoe[80] 0,000,03838[81] Government soldiers, mainly from Clan Campbell, killed members of the Clan MacDonald of Glencoe.[81]
January 24–25, 1704 Ayubale, Apalachee Province, Florida Apalachee massacre 1,100+ British attack Spanish-backed Apalachee settlements.
1705 Sendling, Germany Sendling's night of murder 1,100 Bavarian peasants rise up and protest, but are killed in infighting.
November 1, 1708 – 1709 Lebedyn, Ukraine Executions of Cossacks in Lebedin ~900 Russian officials kill Ukrainians accused of siding with rebel leader Ivan Mazepa
September 29, 1714 Hailuoto, Finland (Sweden) Massacre of Hailuoto[82] 0,010,000>800 The Cossacks of the Russian Empire killed inhabitants of the Hailuoto Island with axes during the Great Wrath (part of the Great Northern War).[82]
April–October 1721 Anchuthengu Fort, Anchuthengu, India Attingal Outbreak 140-151 First organized revolt against British authority in India; all soldiers at the fort were massacred.
November 29, 1729 Natchez, Mississippi Natchez Massacre 230 Natchez people attack French civilians in the area after decades of deteriorating relations.
October 9 – November 22, 1740 Batavia, Dutch East Indies 1740 Batavia massacre 0,010,000>10,000 At least 10,000 Chinese Indonesians in and near Batavia were slaughtered by members of other ethnic groups living in the area, in collaboration with Dutch soldiers.[83]
July 8 or 30, 1755 Blacksburg, Virginia Draper's Meadow massacre 5-8 Shawnee soldiers massacre a family, causing the town to be abandoned.
1756 Dingman's Ferry Bridge, New Jersey Hunt-Swartout raid 5 Lenape soldiers, allegedly unprovoked, massacred the Swartout family and enslaved 3 neighbors.
October 16, 1755 Snyder County, Pennsylvania Penn's Creek massacre 0,000,01414[84] A group of Indians attacked settlers on Penn's Creek.
November 3, 1757 Magdalena de Kino, Sinaloa, Mexico First Magdalena massacre 31 Seri people attack a village of Spanish inhabitants
1757 Strausstown, Pennsylvania Bloody Springs massacre One family A pioneer family in Pennsylvania was massacred during the French and Indian War.
1768 Uman, Ukraine Massacre of Uman 2,000–33,000 During the Koliivshchyna, a Haydamak rebel leader named Maksym Zalizniak ordered the slaughter of many civilians in the town of Uman, with priority given to targeting Poles, Jews and Uniates.
May 10, 1768 Southwark in South London Massacre of St George's Fields 0,000,0077 British troops fired at a mob that was protesting at the imprisonment of John Wilkes, whose crime was criticizing King George III.
March 5, 1770 Boston, Province of Massachusetts Bay Boston Massacre
[85]		 0,000,0055[86] British troops fired at a mob of colonists. This helped spark the American Revolution even though an all-colonist jury found the soldiers innocent.[87][88]
July 17, 1771 Kugluktuk, Nunavut Bloody Falls massacre 0,000,02020[89] Chipewyan warriors attacked an Inuit camp, killing men, women and children.[90][91][92]
April 30, 1774 The current site of Mountaineer Casino, Racetrack and Resort, Ohio Country Yellow Creek massacre 4+ Virginian settlers massacre Mingo natives, leading to Lord Dunmore's War
March 13, 1775 Westminster, Vermont Westminster massacre 2 Colonial police shoot two men rioting against being evicted, the aftermath of which leads to the creation of the Vermont Republic
mid-November 1776 Magdalena de Kino, Sinaloa, Mexico Second Magdalena massacre Unknown All of Magdalena de Kino's residents died in an attack from the Seri people
September 28, 1778 River Vale, New Jersey Baylor Massacre 0,000,01515[93] British infantry troops attacked sleeping Continental Light Dragoons using bayonets.[93]
October 15, 1778 Tuckerton, New Jersey Little Egg Harbor massacre 0,000,03030–50 British loyalists bayonetted Continental Light Dragoons as they slept.
November 11, 1778 Cherry Valley, New York Cherry Valley massacre 0,000,04444 A mixed force of Loyalists, British soldiers, and Iroquois of the Mohawk and Seneca tribes descended upon the town of Cherry Valley. They slaughtered 14 of the town's defenders and 30 noncombatants.
May 29, 1780 Lancaster, South Carolina Waxhaw massacre 0,000,113113[94] Loyalist troops under the command of British Colonel Banastre Tarleton slashed and bayoneted fallen American troops during the late stages of the Battle of Waxhaws. Conflicting contemporary accounts claim violation of an American white flag by one or the other of the sides involved.[95]
September 11, 1780 Luzerne County, Pennsylvania Sugarloaf massacre 0,000,01515[96] A group of loyalists and Indians during the American Revolutionary War led by Roland Montour attacked a group of American soldiers.
1780 Kastania, Laconia, Greece Kastania massacre 300+ Ottomans break a Maniot siege and massacre the fleeing population.
February 24, 1781 Alamance County, North Carolina Pyle's Massacre 0,000,09393 Patriot militia leader Colonel Henry Lee deceived Loyalist militia under Dr. John Pyle into thinking he was British commander Banastre Tarleton sent to meet them. Lee's men then opened fire, surprising and scattering Pyle's force.
August 24, 1781 Aurora, Indiana Lochry's Defeat 34-41 British-Native forces massacre numerous Pennsylvania militiamen, capturing the rest.
September 13, 1781 Floyds Fork, Kentucky Long Run massacre 32 Kentuckian settlers are pushed out by Wyandot during a skirmish.
November 29, 1781 Caribbean Sea, east of Jamaica Zong massacre 0,000,132 132–142 In order to claim on insurance, 132 to 142 African slaves were thrown overboard by the crew of the British slave ship Zong when potable water ran low.[97]
March 8, 1782 Gnadenhutten, Ohio Gnadenhutten massacre[98]
(Moravian massacre)		 0,000,09696 Pennsylvania militia men attacked a Moravian mission and killed 96 peaceful Christian American Indians there in retaliation for unrelated deaths of several white Pennsylvanians.[98][99]
August 14, 1784 Sitkalidak Island, Alaska Awa'uq Massacre 200-3,000 Russian fur trader Grigory Shelikhov massacres the Alutiiq natives.
July 17, 1789 Middletown, Kentucky Chenoweth Massacre 5 Last major Native raid in Jefferson County, Kentucky.
1790 Maui Olowalu Massacre ~100 In retribution for several thefts, maritime fur traders under the command of Simon Metcalfe fired cannons at the approaching canoes of Native Hawaiian villagers.
January 2, 1791 Stockport, Ohio Big Bottom massacre 12-14 Lenape and Wyandot tribesmen massacre a group of American squatters.
July 17, 1791 Champ de Mars, Paris, France Champ de Mars massacre 0,000,01212–50 Soldiers of the French National Guard fire into a crowd of republican protesters.
1792 France September Massacres[100][101] 0,001,440~1,440 Popular courts in the French Revolution sentenced prisoners to death, including around 240 priests.[102]
March 11, 1793 Machecoul, Loire-Atlantique, France First Massacre of Machecoul 0,000,200Around 200 Vendean peasants angered at mass conscription and the Civil Constitution of the Clergy slaughtered many republican troops and officials, along with locals believed to be supporters of the republic.
November 21, 1793 Avranches, France Avranches massacre 0,000,800Around 800 Catholic and Royal Army prisoners of war, and later suspected counterrevolutionaries and royalist sympathizers, were murdered by republican troops.
1794 Warsaw, Poland Massacre of Praga 0,020,00020,000 Inhabitants of the Warsaw district Praga were massacred by pillaging Russian troops following the Battle of Praga.
August 29, 1797 Tranent, Scotland Massacre of Tranent 12-25+ British troops shoot Scottish protestors against conscription, and then rape and pillage a nearby village.
May 29, 1798 Gibbet Rath, Curragh, Ireland Gibbet rath massacre 300-500 British troops massacre hundreds of Irish rebels.
1804 Haiti 1804 Haiti massacre 0,003,0003,000–5,000 Massacre of French people in Haiti.
December 1809 Whangaroa, New Zealand Boyd massacre 0,000,06666 Whangaroa Māori killed and ate 66 crew and passengers on board the Boyd.[103]
August 30, 1813 Near Bay Minette, Alabama, United States Fort Mims massacre 247 A force of Creek Indians belonging to the Red Sticks stormed and captured Fort Mims, then killed almost all of the surviving pro-American natives, métis people, white settlers, slaves, and militia still inside it.
December 9, 1817 Madulla, Central Province, Sri Lanka Madulla massacre 20 Soldiers from the 73rd Regiment of Foot attacked a cave where Kandyan rebels were hiding, killing 20 civilians who were hiding in the cave.[104][105]
1818 Uva Province, Sri Lanka Uva–Wellassa massacre 0,000,001Unknown During the suppression of the 1818 Uva–Wellassa uprising (also known as the Great Rebellion) Sir Robert Brownrigg ordered that all males between 15 and 60 years in the Uva-Wellassa region to be driven out, exiled or killed.[106][107][108][109]
August 16, 1819 Manchester, England Peterloo Massacre 0,000,01111[103] Manchester and Salford Yeomanry charged a meeting of 60,000–80,000 people campaigning for reform of parliamentary representation.[103]
March 1821 Constantinople Constantinople Massacre of 1821 0,000,001Unknown Hundreds of Greeks were massacred by the Ottomans, including the Greek patriarch, bishops and officials.
August 19, 1821 Navarino, Peloponnese, Greece Navarino massacre 0,003,0003,000[110] The whole Turkish population of Navarino, which was around 3000, were killed by Greeks.[110]
March 1822 Chios, Greece Chios massacre 0,052,000~52,000 Tens of thousands of Greeks on the island of Chios were slaughtered by Ottoman troops in 1822.
April 13, 1822 Naousa, Greece Naousa massacre 2,000 Greek civilians were slaughtered by Ottoman Empire.
June 7, 1824 Kasos, Greece Kasos massacre 7,000 Ottoman-Egyptian army slaughtered Greek civilians
February 10, 1828 Cape Grim, Tasmania, Australia Cape Grim massacre 30 Australian farmers throw Aboriginal Tasmanians off a cliff in reprisal for previous killings of white farmers.
April 11, 1831 Marchaterre, Salsipuedes Creek, Uruguay Massacre of Salsipuedes At least 40 Uruguayan army under command of president Fructuoso Rivera slaughtered the last remains of the indigenous Charrua People, survivors were sent into a forced walk and then sold into slavery.
April 6, 1832 Mitidja, Algeria Massacre of El Ouffia 100 French colonial officials kill all but 4 members of the tribe of El Ouffia.
May 21, 1832 Earlville, Illinois Indian Creek massacre 15 Dispute between settlers and Potawatomi
1833 Kiowa County, Oklahoma, United States Cutthroat Gap massacre 150 A group of Osage warriors charged into a Kiowa camp and brutally slaughtered everyone there, including children.
October 28, 1834 Pinjarra, Western Australia, Australia Pinjarra massacre 16-81 Colonial settlers killed local Pindjarup people.
October 18, 1835 Portland, Victoria, Australia Convincing Ground massacre 60-200 White whalers massacre Gunditjmara whalers, after tensions had risen.
December 28, 1835 Florida, United States Dade massacre 0,000,108108 Two U.S. Army companies under the command of Major Francis L. Dade were marching from Fort Brooke (Tampa) to Fort King (Ocala) when they were attacked by about 200 Seminoles. One hundred and eight soldiers were killed; only two men from the command survived.
March 27, 1836 Goliad, Texas Goliad massacre 0,000,400~400 Around 400 Texians killed by Santa Anna's Mexican Army Presidio la Bahia Goliad Palm Sunday March 27, 1836.
January 1838 Waterloo Creek, Australia Waterloo Creek massacre[111] 0,000,100100–300 Aboriginal Australians killed by a force of colonial mounted police.[112]
February 6, 1838 uMgungundlovu, KwaZulu-Natal, Zulu Kingdom Piet Retief Delegation massacre 0,000,100100 Under the orders of Dingane kaSenzangakhona, a Voortrekker delegation led by Piet Retief was seized during land treaty negotiations and taken to the Kwa-Matiwane hillside, where its members and their servants were summarily executed.
February 17, 1838 Around the area of what is now Weenen, KwaZulu-Natal, Zulu Kingdom Weenen massacre 0,000,532532 Zulu impis sent by Dingane attacked and slaughtered Khoikhoi, Basuto and Voortrekkers who were camped at multiple sites.
June 10, 1838 Myall Creek, Australia Myall Creek massacre[111] 0,000,02828 A posse (which was mostly white, but included a black African) killed Aboriginal Australians. The perpetrators were convicted and sentenced to death.[113]
August 1, 1838 Victory, Wisconsin Bad Axe Massacre 0,000,06666 150 Sauk and Meskwaki killed by the U.S. Army
October 5, 1838 Cherokee County, Republic of Texas Killough massacre[114] 0,000,01818 In the largest attack by Native Americans on white settlers in Texas, a disaffected band of Cherokee, Caddo, Coushatta, and perhaps other ethnicities formed a war party and killed 18 members of the extended Killough family, who had settled in the area after the Senate of the Republic of Texas nullified the (land) treaty which President Sam Houston had negotiated with the Cherokee.
October 30, 1838 Caldwell County, Missouri, United States Haun's Mill massacre[115] 0,000,01919 About 240 Livingston County Missouri Regulators, Missouri State militiamen and anti-Mormon volunteers killed 18 Mormons and one non-Mormon friend.[116][117]
June 1839 Central Victoria, Australia Campaspe Plains massacre 6-40 Colonial settlers launch reprisal raids on Djadjawurrung lands.
mid-1839 Camperdown, Victoria, Australia Murdering Gully massacre 35-40 Colonial settlers effectively decimate the Tarnbeere Gundidj clan of the Djargurd Wurrong.
March 1, 1840 Coleraine, Victoria, Australia Fighting Waterholes massacre 40-60 White settlers massacre Indigenous Australians after the latter had allegedly stolen the settlers' sheep.
1840 Gippsland, Australia Gippsland massacres[118] 0,000,450~450 A series of massacres spanning several years: 1840 – Nuntin, 1840 – Boney Point, 1841 – Butchers Creek – 30–35, 1841 – Maffra, 1842 – Skull Creek, 1842 – Bruthen Creek – "hundreds killed", 1843 – Warrigal Creek – between 60 and 180 shot, 1844 – Maffra, 1846 – South Gippsland – 14 killed, 1846 – Snowy River – 8 killed, 1846–47 – Central Gippsland – 50 or more shot, 1850 – East Gippsland – 15–20 killed, 1850 – Murrindal – 16 poisoned, 1850 – Brodribb River – 15–20 killed. See also Angus McMillan.
January 6, 1842 Afghanistan Massacre of Elphinstone's army 0,016,00016,000 Afghan tribes massacred Elphinstone's British army including some 12,000 civilians.[119][120][121]
September 17, 1842 Presidio San Antonio de Béxar, San Antonio, Texas Dawson massacre 36 Texians attempting to surrender are killed during the fog of war.
March 25, 1843 Saltillo, Coahuila, Mexico Black bean episode 17 Mexicans tell Texian and American diplomats that 1/10 of the prisoners they captured would die. They force Texians to choose out of a random bowl of beans, and those who chose a black bean were shot.
October 17-November 8, 1850 Aleppo, Syria Massacre of Aleppo 5,070 Muslim residents of the city violently riot against the Christian residents.
May 15, 1854 Round Valley Indian Tribes of the Round Valley Reservation, California Asbill massacre 40 California pioneers searching for gold stumble upon the group of Yuki, and kill them all.
May 23–26, 1856 Franklin County, Kansas Pottawatomie massacre 0,000,0055 In retaliation for the Sacking of Lawrence by proslavery settlers, John Brown led a band of abolitionist settlers-including some members of the Pottawatomie Rifles—in a massacre of five proslavery settlers north of Pottawatomie Creek.
April 8, 1857 Caborca, Sonora, Mexico Crabb massacre 0,000,08484 Mexican rebels fought American rebels at Caborca, Sonora. Out of less than ninety Americans, about thirty were killed in battle and the rest were executed by the Mexicans.
September 11, 1857 Mountain Meadows, Utah, United States Mountain Meadows massacre 0,000,120120–140[122][123] Mormon militia, some dressed as Indians, and Paiute tribesmen killed and plundered unarmed members of the Baker-Fancher emigrant wagon train.[124]
May 19, 1858 Kansas Marais des Cygnes massacre 0,000,0055 Proslavery leader Charles Hamilton and about 30 men under his command capture 11 Free-Staters from Kansas and takes them to a defile in, where they begin shooting at them. Five of the prisoners are killed, and another five are severely wounded.
June 15, 1858 Jeddah, Saudi Arabia Jeddah massacre of 1858 ~5,000 "Hadramites" allegedly massacred the inhabitants of the town.
1859 Brewarrina, Australia Hospital Creek Massacre 300-400 A White settler abducted an Aboriginal girl, so tribe members warned him to return the girl. He didn't, so both he and the girl were killed. In response, white settlers massacred the tribe.
September 2, 1861 Gallinas Mountains, Confederate Arizona (present-day Lincoln County, New Mexico), Confederate States of America Gallinas massacre 3 A war party of Mescalero Apache attacked a small group of Confederate soldiers, killing three of them.
October 17, 1861 Springsure, Australia Cullin-la-ringo massacre 19 (original), 370 (reprisal) Aboriginals massacred a white family, so the town's white settlers slaughtered Aborigines.
December 1861 Platte County, Missouri Bee Creek Massacre 2 Union troops of the 18th Missouri Infantry Regiment summarily executed two Confederate prisoners of war near the Bee Creek Bridge, a few miles south of Weston, Missouri.
August 10, 1862 Kinney County, Texas, United States Nueces massacre 0,000,03737 German Texans trying to flee to Mexico to avoid being drafted into the Confederate Army were attacked by Confederate soldiers.
October 18, 1862 Palmyra, Missouri Palmyra massacre 10 In retaliation for the abduction of Andrew Alsman, a local Union supporter, ten Confederate prisonerers were executed on the orders of Colonel John McNeil
January 18, 1863 Madison County, North Carolina, United States Shelton Laurel massacre 0,000,01313 Thirteen boys and men, accused of being Union sympathizers and spies, were summarily executed by members of the 64th North Carolina Regiment of the Confederate Army.[125]
January 29, 1863 Washington Territory near present day Preston, Idaho United States Bear River massacre 0,000,225~225[126] 3rd Regiment California Volunteer Infantry destroyed a village of Shoshone in southeastern Idaho.[127]
August 21, 1863 Lawrence, Kansas, United States Lawrence Massacre 0,000,150~150[128][129] Pro-Confederate bushwhackers known as Quantrill's Raiders attacked the town of Lawrence, Kansas during the American Civil War in retaliation for the Union attack on Osceola, Missouri.[130][131]
April 12, 1864 Henning, Tennessee, United States Fort Pillow massacre 0,000,350350[132] After their surrender following the Battle of Fort Pillow, most of the Union garrison—consisting primarily of black troops—as well as civilians, including women and children, were massacred by Confederate forces under the command of General Nathan Bedford Forrest.[133][134][135][136]
September 27, 1864 Centralia, Missouri Centralia Massacre 24 Pro-Confederate bushwhackers led by William T. Anderson captured and shot a number of Union soldiers, then scalped and mutilated their corpses. One of the participants was future outlaw Jesse James.
November 29, 1864 Kiowa County, Colorado, United States Sand Creek massacre 0,000,200~200[137] Colorado Territory 90-day militia destroyed a peaceful village of Cheyenne and Arapaho on the eastern plains.[138][139]
January 14, 1865 Colorado Territory (near present-day Sterling), United States American Ranch massacre 8 Cheyenne and Sioux warriors attacked a ranch and killed eight people, three of them cowboys.
February 7-May 1868 Murujuga, Australia Flying Foam massacre 18-153 Reprisal massacres for the deaths of 3 white workers led to the decline of the Yapurarra people.
November 27, 1868 Indian Territory, United States Washita Massacre (1938)[140] 0,000,02929–150 Lt. Col. G. A. Custer's 7th cavalry attacked a village of sleeping Cheyenne led by Black Kettle. Custer reported 103—later revised to 140—warriors, "some" women and "few" children killed, and 53 women and children taken hostage. Other casualty estimates by cavalry members, scouts and Indians vary widely, with the number of men killed ranging as low as 11 and the numbers of women and children ranging as high as 75. Before returning to their base, the cavalry killed several hundred Indian ponies and burned the village.[141][142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151]
1870 Tianjin, China Tianjin Massacre 0,000,06060 Attacks on French Catholic priests and nuns, violent belligerence from French diplomats, and armed foreign intervention in Tianjin.
October 24, 1871 Los Angeles California, United States Chinese massacre of 1871[152] 0,000,01717–20 A mob of over 500 men entered Chinatown in Los Angeles, rioted, ransacked, then tortured and killed 18 Chinese-Americans, making this among the largest mass lynchings in American history.[153]
July 1, 1873 Cypress Hills region, Sasketchewan, Canada Cypress Hills Massacre 0,000,01313 A group of American and Canadian wolfers got into a dispute with some Assiniboine warriors over a missing horse. Violence broke out in unclear circumstances, causing the deaths of thirteen Assiniboine.
August 5, 1873 Hitchcock County, Nebraska Massacre Canyon 0,000,065approx. 65–100 A Lakota war party attacked a band of Pawnee during their summer buffalo hunt, with many victims mutilated and some set on fire. The victims were mostly women and children.[154]
April 30, 1876 Batak Ottoman Empire Batak massacre[155][156][157] 0,003,0003,000–5,000 Ottoman army irregulars killed Bulgarian civilians barricaded in Batak's church.[158]
April 2, 1885 Frog Lake, North-West Territories, Canada Frog Lake Massacre 0,000,0099 Cree warriors, dissatisfied with the lack of support from the Canadian Government for Treaty Indians, and exacerbated by food shortages resulting from the near-extinction of bison, killed nine white settlers, including Indian agent Thomas Quinn.[159][160]
September 2, 1885 Rock Springs, Wyoming, United States Rock Springs massacre 0,000,02828 Rioting white immigrant miners killed 28 Chinese miners, wounded 15, and burned 75 Chinese homes.[161][162][163]
November 1887 Thibodaux, Louisiana Thibodaux massacre 0,000,03535+ Members of white paramilitary groups attack striking black sugar cane planation workers.
February 14, 1889 St. Lucie County, Florida, United States Jim Jumper massacre At least 7 At a Seminole camp northeast of Lake Okeechobee, a biracial (half-black, half-Native American) man named Jim Jumper shot and killed several Seminole for unclear reasons before being killed himself by a Seminole man named Billy Martin.
December 29, 1890 Wounded Knee, South Dakota, United States Wounded Knee Massacre 0,000,200200–300[164] The U.S. 7th Cavalry intercepted a band of Lakota people on their way to the Pine Ridge Reservation for shelter from the winter; as they were disarming them, a gun was fired, and the soldiers turned their artillery on the Lakota, killing men, women and children.[165][166]
August 16, 1893 Aigues-Mortes, France Massacre of Italians at Aigues-Mortes 8–150 Italian immigrant workers were attacked by French villagers and laborers.
1894–1896 Armenian Highlands, Ottoman Empire Hamidian massacres 0,100,000100,000–300,000[167]

Sultan Abdul Hamid II ordered Ottoman forces to kill Armenians across the empire.[167][168][169]

November 21, 1894 Port Arthur (present-day Lu Shunkou), Dalian, China Port Arthur massacre 1,000–20,0001,000–20,000 Japanese troops killed somewhere between 1,000 and 20,000 civilians and surrendered Chinese soldiers for two or three days.
1895 Gutian County, China Kucheng massacre 0,000,01111 Members of a Chinese cult attacked British missionaries, killing eleven people and destroying two houses.
September 10, 1897 Pennsylvania, United States Lattimer massacre 0,000,01919 Unarmed striking miners were shot in the back: many were wounded and 19 were killed.
January 18, 1900 Guaymas, Mexico Mazocoba massacre 0,000,400~400 Mexican Army troops attack Yaqui hostiles west of Guaymas, Sonora, Mexico.
July 17, 1900 Blagoveshchensk and Sixty-Four Villages East of the River Blagoveshchensk massacre and Sixty-Four Villages East of the River massacre 0,007,0007,000 The Russian Empire invaded the two cities ruled by the Qing Dynasty. A total of 7,000 innocent Chinese civilians were killed in the massacres.
January 31, 1902 Leliefontein, Northern Cape, South Africa Leliefontein massacre[170] 0,000,03535 During the Second Boer War, Boer forces under Manie Maritz massacred 35 Khoikhoi for being British sympathisers.
March 10, 1906 Bud Dajo, Jolo Island, Philippines Moro Crater massacre[171][172] 0,000,800800–1,000 A U.S. Army force of 540 soldiers under the command of Major General Leonard Wood, accompanied by a naval detachment and with a detachment of native constabulary, armed with artillery and small firearms, attacked a Muslim village hidden in the crater of a dormant volcano.[173]
1906 Atlanta, Georgia, United States Atlanta massacre of 1906 At least 27 killed, over 90 wounded White on black violence
December 21, 1907 Chile Santa María School massacre 0,002,2002,200–3,600 A massacre of striking workers, mostly saltpeter (nitrate) miners, along with wives and children, committed by the Chilean Army in Iquique, Chile. It occurred during the peak of the nitrate mining era, which coincided with the Parliamentary Period in Chilean political history (1891–1925). With the massacre and an ensuing reign of terror, not only was the strike broken, but the workers' movement was thrown into limbo for over a decade.
April–May 1909 Adana Province, Ottoman Empire Adana massacre 0,015,00015,000–30,000 In April 1909, a religious-ethnic clash in the city of Adana, amidst governmental upheaval, resulted in a series of anti-Armenian pogroms throughout the district, resulting in an estimated 15,000 to 30,000 deaths.[174][175][176][177][178]
July 29 – July 30, 1910 Slocum, Texas, United States Slocum massacre 6–200[179] Armed white mobs massacred black residents of the town of Slocum, Texas.
October 23, 1911 Tripoli, Libya Battle and massacre at Shar al-Shatt 290 290 Italian soldiers surrender to Ottoman forces, but all are tortured and killed.
October 24, 1911 Mechiya Oasis, Libya Mechiya Oasis massacre 4,000 Italian revenge for the massacre of 290 soldiers the day prior.
1912–1913 territories occupied by Serbia, especially in the regions of today's Kosovo, Western Macedonia and Northern Albania Massacres of Albanians in the Balkan Wars 20,000–25,000 Series of mass murders of Albanian civilians perpetrated by the Montenegrin and Serbian armies.
April 17, 1912 Near Lena River, Northeast Siberia, Russian Empire Lena massacre 0,000,270270 Striking gold miners were shot at by Russian troops while marching.
April 20, 1914 Ludlow, Colorado, United States Ludlow massacre 0,000,02020 Twenty people, 11 of them children, died during an attack by the Colorado National Guard on a tent colony of 1,200 striking coal miners and their families at Ludlow, Colorado. The event led to wider conflict quelled only by Federal troops sent in by U.S. President Woodrow Wilson.[180][181][182]
August 21, 1914 Tamines, Belgium Massacre of Tamines 384 German soldiers massacre civilians after capturing the town.
August 29, 1914 Abschwangen, East Prussia, German Empire Abschwangen massacre 65 Soldiers of the Imperial Russian Army summarily executed 65 German civilians (including 28 locals and 37 refugees from southern East Prussia) in retaliation for a German cavalry reconnaissance unit killing a Russian officer who happened to be a member of the Trubetskoy family.
1916 Western Australia, Australia Mowla Bluff massacre 300-400 A cattle station manager rounds up and murders hundreds of Aborigines.
January 22–25, 1918 Shamkir, Azerbaijan Shamkhor massacre 1000+ Azerbaijani paramilitaries stopped a train of Russian soldiers returning to Russia proper from the Russian Civil War, and massacred the soldiers after they refused to give up their weapons.
January 28, 1918 Porvenir, Texas, United States 1918 Porvenir massacre 15 In retaliation for the Brite Ranch raid, Texas Rangers, soldiers of the 8th Cavalry Regiment and local ranchers killed unarmed Mexican Americans.
April 28 – May 3, 1918 Vyborg, Finland Vyborg massacre 0,000,360360–420 At least 360 mostly Russian military personnel and civilians were killed after the Finnish Civil War Battle of Vyborg by the Finnish Whites. The victims include a large number of other nationalities which the Whites presumed as Russians. The killed were not affiliated with the Reds, but most were even White supporters. Also 450–1,200 captured Finnish Red Guard fighters were executed.[183]
September 27, 1918 Tafas, Syria Tafas massacre 250 Ottoman soldiers, retreating from the incoming British and Arab forces, massacre the town's population, in an attempt to demoralize the forces.
December 10, 1918 Sarafand al-Amar, Palestine Surafend affair 50 Village residents allegedly kill a Kiwi villager, prompting Australian forces to massacre the town and a nearby Bedouin camp.
April 5, 1919 Pinsk, Belarus Pinsk massacre 0,000,03535 Soldiers of the Polish Land Forces under the command of General Antoni Listowski killed a group of Jews for holding an "illegal meeting".
April 13, 1919 Amritsar, India Jallianwala Bagh massacre 0,000,379379–1,526[184][185][186] 90 British Indian Army soldiers, led by Brigadier Reginald Dyer, opened fire on an unarmed gathering of men, women and children. The firing lasted for 10 to 15 minutes, until they ran out of ammunition.[185][186]
June 5–7, 1919 Ghaibalishen, Nagorno-Karabakh Khaibalikend massacre 600-700 Armenian residents in the towns of Ghaibalishen, Jamilli, and Karkijahan were massacred by Azeri and Kurdish troops under the request of the Governor of Nagorno-Karabakh.
June 16, 1919–17, 1919 Menemen, Izmir, Turkey Menemen massacre 200 Greek troops and local Greeks massacred Turks.[187]
September 30, 1919 Phillips County, Arkansas, United States Elaine massacre 105–242 White mobs slaughtered between 100 and 237 black people along with 5 white people.
November 11, 1919 Centralia, Washington, United States Washington State Centralia massacre 6 A conflict breaks out between members of the Industrial Workers of the World and the American Legion on the first anniversary of Armistice Day in unclear circumstances, killing one Wobbly and five Legionnaires.
December 24–25, 1919 Yuxarı Əylis, Nakhchivan, Azerbaijan Agulis massacre 1,400 Azerbaijani paramilitaries and Azeri refugees from Zangezur destroyed the predominantly Armenian town of Agulis and massacred its Armenian residents.
1920–1921 Armutlu Peninsula, Turkey Yalova Peninsula massacres 5,500–9,900[188][189] Local Muslims of the peninsula were massacred by Greek troops, local Greeks, Armenians and Circassians.[190][191]
1920–1921 Jiandao, Eastern Manchuria Gando massacre 0,005,0005,000+ After the Hunchun incident, soldiers of the Imperial Japanese Army murdered thousands of Korean civilians.
November 2, 1920 Ocoee, Florida, United States Ocoee massacre 30–35 blacks, 2 whites On election day, to stop "niggers" from voting, many local blacks were attacked by white mobs. The black population of Ocoee was forced to leave.
November 21, 1920 Dublin, Ireland Croke Park massacre 0,000,02323[192] British Auxiliary police and Black and Tans fired at Gaelic football spectators at Croke Park.[192][193]
May 31 – June 1, 1921 Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States Tulsa race massacre 0,000,36100–300 Mobs of white residents attacked black residents and businesses of the Greenwood District in Tulsa, Oklahoma.
December 14, 1922 Perry, Florida, United States Perry massacre 3 White on black violence
January 1923 Rosewood, Florida, United States Rosewood massacre 0,000,0088 Several days of violence by white mobs, ranging in size up to 400 people, resulted in the deaths of six blacks and two whites and the destruction of the town of Rosewood, which was abandoned after the incident.[194]
September 1923 Kantō region, Japan Kantō Massacre 0,006,0006,000+ In the aftermath of the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake, Japanese soldiers and police officers, along with vigilantes, slaughtered at least six thousand Japanese Koreans and left-wing political dissidents.
July 19, 1924 Napalpí, Chaco Province, Argentina Napalpí massacre 0,000,400400 Argentine police officers and ranchers killed hundreds of Toba people in retaliation for the murder of a French immigrant.
September 9, 1924 Hanapepe, Hawaii Hanapepe massacre 0,000,02020 A dispute between officers of the Kauai County Police Department and striking Visayan sugar workers over the kidnapping of two Ilocano strikebreakers escalated into a violent exchange that killed 16 strikers and four cops.
June 23, 1925 Eastern Jiaochang, China Shaji massacre 0,000,050~50 A group of strikers in Canton, China, in support of a workers' strike in Hong Kong, were fired upon by British and French troops, who claimed to have been provoked by gunfire. Over 200 casualties resulted.
May 30, 1925 Shanghai, China Shanghai massacre of 1925 0,000,3030–200 Members of the Shanghai Municipal Police opened fire on Chinese protesters.
June 1926 Kimberley, Western Australia, Australia Oombulgurri Massacre 16-100+ Aborigines killed a pastoralist in the Australian outback, prompting white settlers to murder and burn the bodies of at least 16 Aborigines.
April 12, 1927 Shanghai and other locations, China Shanghai Massacre 0,000,300300–5000 KMT elements carried out a full-scale purge of Communists in all areas under their control.
November 21, 1927 Serene, Colorado Columbine Mine massacre (1928)[195] 0,000,0066 In a fight between Colorado state police and a striking coal miners, the police used firearms, killing six and wounding dozens. The miners claimed that machine guns were fired at them, which was denied by the state police.
May 18, 1927 Bath Township, Michigan, United States Bath School massacre (1981)[196] 0,000,04545 37 children and a 30-year-old teacher at Bathtown elementary school were killed by a major explosion set off by school board treasurer Andrew Kehoe. About a half-hour after the explosion, Kehoe then detonated dynamite in his truck, killing himself and five others, including a fourth-grader and four adults. Also, some hours before the event, Kehoe killed his wife at their Bath Township home. This event was the deadliest mass murder in a school in United States history.
August 14, 1928 Coniston, Central Australia, Australia Coniston massacre (1981)[197] 0,000,03131–170 The last known officially sanctioned massacre of indigenous Australians occurred in the vicinity of Coniston cattle station in the Territory of Central Australia in retaliation for the death of a dingo hunter named Frederick Brooks.
December 6, 1928 Ciénaga, Magdalena, Colombia Banana Massacre 0,000,04747–2,000 The Banana massacre was a massacre of workers for the United Fruit Company that occurred on December 6, 1928, in the town of Ciénaga near Santa Marta, Colombia. An unknown number of workers died after the Conservative government of Miguel Abadía decided to send the Colombian army to end a month-long strike organized by the workers' union in order to secure better working conditions. The government of the United States of America had threatened to invade with the U.S. Marine Corps if the Colombian government did not act to protect United Fruit's interests.
February 14, 1929 Chicago, United States Saint Valentine's Day massacre 0,000,0077[198] Al Capone's gang shot rival gang members and their associates.[199]
August 1929 Hebron, Mandatory Palestine 1929 Hebron massacre 0,000,06969[200] Arabs kill 69 Jews after being incited by religious leaders. Survivors were relocated to Jerusalem, "leaving Hebron barren of Jews for the first time in hundreds of years."[200]
August 1929 Safed, Mandatory Palestine 1929 Safed massacre 0,000,01818[201] Arabs killed 18 Jews, wounded around 40, and some 200 houses were burned and looted.[202]
December 6, 1929 Marchaterre, Les Cayes, Haiti Les Cayes massacre 12–22 United States Marine Corps troops fire upon a group of 1,500 Haitians in Les Cayes who were protesting against the United States occupation of Haiti[203][204][205]
April 23, 1930 Peshawar, British Raj Qissa Khwani bazaar massacre 0,000,200200–250[206][207] Soldiers of the British Raj fired on unarmed non-violent protestors of the Khudai Khidmatgar with machine guns during the Indian independence movement[206][207]
July 1930 Van Province, Turkey Zilan massacre 0,004,5004,500–47,000[208][209] Turkish troops massacred Kurdish residents during the Ararat rebellion.
January 22–July 11, 1932 El Salvador La Matanza 0,010,00010,000–40,000 After a peasant rebellion occurred in the western departments of El Salvador, President Maximiliano Hernández Martínez would order the violent repression against the rebellion, ending in an ethnocide that killed between 10,000 and 40,000 peasants and civilians, many of them from the Pipil people.
June 1933 Kashgar, Xinjiang, China Kizil massacre 800 Uyghur and Kyrgyz soldiers break agreement not to harm retreating Han Chinese soldiers.
August 1933 Iraq Simele massacre 0,003,0003,000[210] Iraqi Army killed 3,000 Assyrian men, women and children.[210] The massacre, amongst other things, included rape, cars running over children and bayoneting children and pregnant women.[210]
June–July 1934 Alto Bío Bío, Chile Ranquil massacre 0,000,477477 The Chilean Army and Carabineros de Chile assassinated 477 workers and Mapuche indigenous after they started a revolt.
February 13, 1936 Near Mai Lahlà, Ethiopia Gondrand massacre 0,000,08080 Ethiopian soldiers acting under the orders of Ras Imru attacked Italian civilians working for the Gondrand logistics company, killing 80 of them.
November – December 1936 Paracuellos del Jarama and Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain Paracuellos massacres 0,002,0002,000–3,000 Mass killings against right-wing civilians and soldiers perpetrated by Republican troops and militiamen.
February 19–21, 1937 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia Yekatit 12 19,200-30,000 Italian fascists massacre thousands of Ethiopians after a failed assassination attempt against Rodolfo Graziani, leader of Italian Ethiopia.
March 21, 1937 Ponce, Puerto Rico Ponce massacre 0,000,01919[211] The Insular Police fired on unarmed Nationalist demonstrators peacefully marching to commemorate the ending of slavery in Puerto Rico.[211] It was the biggest massacre in Puerto Rican history.[212]
July 29, 1937 Tongzhou, China Tungchow massacre 223–260 East Hebei Army massacred Japanese civilians and troops in Tongzhou.
October 2–8, 1937 Dominican Republic Parsley massacre 0,038,000Up to 38,000[213] The Dominican military used machetes to brutally slash people to death and decapitate thousands of black Haitians; they also took people to the port of Montecristi, where thousands of Haitians were thrown into the ocean to drown with their hands and feet bound. Their executioners often inflicted wounds on their bodies before throwing them overboard in order to attract sharks. Survivors who managed to cross the border and return to Haiti told stories of family members being hacked with machetes and strangled by the soldiers, and children dashed against rocks and tree trunks.[214]
1937–38 Tunceli Province, Turkey Dersim massacre 0,013,16013,160–70,000[215][216] Turkish troops massacred Alevi residents during the Dersim Rebellion.
1937-38 Vinnytsia, Ukraine Vinnytsia massacre 9,000-11,000 NKVD forces massacre thousands of ethnic Ukrainians, which is later used as propaganda by the Nazis.
1937-41 Kurapaty, Belarus Kurapaty massacre 30,000-250,000 NKVD killed a large, unknown number of Belarusian dissidents in a forested area outside of Minsk. Most of these dissidents were Belarusian intelligentsia.
December 1937 – January 1938 Nanjing, China Nanking Massacre[217][218] 0,300,000300,000+[219] The Imperial Japanese Army pillaged and burned Nanking while, at the same time, murdering, enslaving, raping, and torturing prisoners-of-war and civilians.[220]
May 21, 1938 Kamo, Okayama, Empire of Japan Tsuyama massacre 0,000,03030 Mutsuo Toi, believing he was mistreated by his neighbors and rejected by women after being diagnosed with tuberculosis, murdered his own grandmother and 29 of his neighbors in a spree killing before shooting himself.
September 5, 1938 Santiago, Chile Seguro Obrero massacre 0,000,08080 After members of the National Socialist Movement of Chile (nicknamed "Nacistas") attempted a coup by taking over the Edificio del Seguro Obrero, he started a shootout with Carabineros de Chile. After the Nacistas surrendered when they were outmatched, the carabineros entered the place, and later they would group them together and shoot them.
September 4, 1939 Częstochowa, Poland Częstochowa massacre Approximately 1,140 Polish civilians were shot, stabbed and beaten to death by soldiers of the Wehrmacht.
April–May 1940 Katyn, Soviet Union Katyn massacre 0,021,85721,857–25,700[221][222][223] Soviet NKVD executed Polish intelligentsia, POWs and reserve officers.[224][225]
May 25, 1940 Vinkt, Belgium Vinkt massacre 86-140 Nazi German soldiers massacre Belgian civilians due to the town's previous resistance against capture.
27 May 1940 Le Paradis village, commune of Lestrem, Northern France Le Paradis massacre 0,000,09797 Soldiers of the 14th Company, S.S. Division Totenkopf, under the command of Hauptsturmführer Fritz Knöchlein shot prisoners-of-war during the Battle of France.[226]
14 September 1940 Ipp, Kingdom of Hungary (present-day Ip, Sălaj, Romania) Ip massacre 0,000,174168–174 After two Hungarian soldiers died in an explosion, a detachment of the Royal Hungarian Army killed between 152 and 158 ethnic Romanians, along with 16 reported deserters.
26 November 1940 Jilava, Romania Jilava massacre 0,000,06464 Members of the Iron Guard murdered 64 political prisoners held in Jilava penitentiary.
February 7, 1941 Lunka, Ukraine Lunca massacre ~600 (hundreds) Ethnic Romanians trying to flee to Romania were shot at by Soviet border troops.
April 1, 1941 Fântâna Albă, Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic Fântâna Albă massacre 0,000,04444–3,000 Ethnic Romanians trying to cross the border from the Soviet Union into Romania were met with open fire by Soviet Border Troops.
28 April 1941 Independent State of Croatia Gudovac massacre 0,196184–196[227] The mass killing of around 190 Bjelovar Serbs by the Croatian nationalist Ustaše
May–August 1941 Independent State of Croatia Glina massacres 0,2,4002,400[228] The mass killings of Serb peasants by the Ustashe in the town of Glina, that occurred between May and August 1941
June 2, 1941 Kondomari, Chania, Crete, Kingdom of Greece (under German occupation) Massacre of Kondomari 0,000,02323–60 Cretan civilians were shot by an ad hoc firing squad of German paratroopers as part of a series of reprisal killings.
June–October 1941 Soviet Union, Baltic states NKVD prisoner massacres 0,100,000100,000+[229] The Soviet NKVD executed thousands of political prisoners in the initial stages of Operation Barbarossa.[229][230]
August 27, 1941 Kamianets-Podilskyi, Soviet Union Kamianets-Podilskyi massacre 0,023,600 Police Battalion 320 and Einsatzgruppen under Friedrich Jeckeln, assisted by Hungarian troops and members of the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police, wipe out the city's Jewish community.
September 11, 1941 Medvedev Forest, near Oryol, Russia Medvedev Forest massacre 0,000,157157 On the personal orders of Joseph Stalin, the NKVD took a number of political prisoners held at Oryol Prison into Medvedev Forest and shot them.
September 29–30, 1941 Ukraine Babi Yar massacre 0,030,00033,771[231] Nazi Einsatzgruppen killed the Jewish population of Kyiv.[231][232][233][234][235]
October 20–21, 1941 Serbia Kragujevac massacre 0,002,7962,796–5,000 Nazi soldiers massacred Serb and Roma hostages in retaliation for attacks on the occupying forces.
October 22–24, 1941 Odessa, Soviet Union Odessa massacre 0,025,00025,000–34,000 Romanian and German troops, supported by local authorities, massacred Jews in Odessa and the surrounding towns in Transnistria. The Romanians blamed Jews and communists for the detonation of a mine that was placed by Red Army sappers prior to their defeat.[236]
October 27, 1941 Slutsk, Belarus Slutsk affair 4,000 Nazi authorities, which had recently invaded the Soviet Union, primarily massacred Jewish residents of Slutsk, which helped develop Belarusian partisan efforts during WWII.
November 25 and 29, 1941 Kaunas, Lithuania Ninth Fort massacres of November 1941 0,004,9344,934 The first systematic mass killings of German Jews during the Holocaust.
November 30 and December 8, 1941 Riga, Latvia Rumbula massacre 0,025,00025,000 25,000 Jews were killed in Rumbula Forest, near Riga, Latvia, by the Nazis.[237]
1942 Arakan, Burma (present-day Rakhine State, Myanmar) Arakan massacres in 1942 0,060,00060,000 After local British forces retreated, violence erupted between pro-Japanese Rakhine Buddhists and pro-British Rohingya Muslims as a result of the power vacuum.
February 1942 Laha Airfield, Ambon Island Laha massacre 0,000,300300+[238] The Japanese killed surrendered Australian soldiers.[238][239]
February 18–March 4, 1942 Singapore and Malaya Sook Ching massacre 0,005,0005,000–25,000 A systematic purge of perceived hostile elements among the Chinese Malayans and the Chinese in Singapore by the Japanese military following the Battle of Singapore.
April 30, 1942 Zdzięcioł (now, Dzyatlava) German-occupied Poland, present-day Belarus First Dzyatlava massacre About 1,200 Around 1,200 Jews were marched out of the Dzyatlava Ghetto into the Kurpiesze (Kurpyash) forest and shot by Order Police battalions, aided by members of the Lithuanian and Belarusian auxiliary police forces.
June 10, 1942 Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia Lidice massacre 0,000,340340[240] Nazis killed 192 men, and sent the women and children to Nazi concentration camps where many died.[240][241][242]
August 10, 1942 Zdzięcioł (now, Dzyatlava) German-occupied Poland, present-day Belarus Second Dzyatlava massacre 2,000–3,000 Liquidation of the Dzyatlava Ghetto. Thousands of Jews were taken to mass graves on the southern outskirts of town and shot so that they fell in them.
December 21, 1942 Catavi Mine, Bolivia Catavi massacre 19-400 The Bolivian military shot hundreds of striking miners.
March 22, 1943 Khatyn, Lahoysk District, Minsk Region, Belarus Khatyn massacre 0,000,156156 In retaliation for a Soviet partisan attack, the Dirlewanger Brigade and Schutzmannschaft Battalion 118 of the Ukrainian Auxiliary Police slaughter almost the entire population of Khatyn.
May 8, 1943 Naliboki, German-occupied Poland Naliboki massacre 0,000,129129 Soviet partisans killed 129 Polish villagers.
July 6, 1943 Borovë, Korçë, Albania Borovë massacre 107 Wehrmacht forces massacre the town's population in response to Albanian partisan forces attacking a German convoy recently.
July 11, 1943 Wołyń Voivodeship, Occupied Poland Dominopol massacre 0,000,250250–490 Polish villagers were attacked by a death squad of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army aided by local Ukrainian peasants.
August 3, 1943 Szczurowa, Poland Szczurowa massacre 0,000,09393 93 Romani people were rounded up and murdered in the village cemetery by Nazi occupiers.
September 21, 1943 Kefalonia, Greece Massacre of the Acqui Division 0,005,1555,155[243] Wehrmacht troops executed 5,155 POWs from the Italian 33 Infantry Division Acqui after the latter refused to hand over their weapons and resisted. A further 3,000 Italian POWs drowned at sea on transports that sank after hitting mines.
October 7, 1943 Wake Island Wake Island massacre 0,000,09898 Japanese forces under Rear Admiral Shigematsu Sakaibara massacred the remaining 98 U.S. civilians in fear of the anticipation U.S. invasion of Wake Island two days after a U.S. air raid on the island.[244][245]
December 13, 1943 Kalavryta, Greece Massacre of Kalavryta 0,000,511511–1,200 The extermination of the male population and the subsequent total destruction of the town of Kalavryta, in Greece, by a Jäger division that was part of the German occupying forces during World War II on December 13, 1943. It is the most serious case of war crimes committed during the Axis occupation of Greece during World War II.
1943–1947 Italy-Yugoslavia border Foibe massacres 0,003,0003,000–11,000 Multiple massacres against Italian civilians by Yugoslav Partisans.
January 27, 1944 Chechnya, Soviet Union Khaibakh massacre 0,000,700700 The Khaibakh massacre refers to a report of mass execution of the ethnically Chechen population of the aul of Khaibakh, in the mountainous part of Chechnya by Soviet forces under NKVD Colonel Mikhail Gveshiani during the Deportation of the Chechens and Ingush.
January 29, 1944 Kaniūkai, Lithuania Koniuchy massacre 0,000,038At least 38 Soviet and Jewish partisans murdered Lithuanian civilians, along with burning down their houses and slaughtering their livestock.
February 28, 1944 Huta Pieniacka, Ukraine Huta Pieniacka massacre 1,200 Polish civilians were murdered by members of the 14th SS Volunteer Division "Galizien" accompanied by a paramilitary unit of Ukrainian nationalists (though some Ukrainian historians put the blame on SS police regiments instead).
March 24, 1944 Rome, Italy Ardeatine massacre 0,000,335335 Mass killing carried out by German occupation troops as a reprisal for a partisan attack conducted on the previous day in central Rome against the SS Police Regiment Bozen.
April 1, 1944 Ascq, France Ascq massacre 0,000,08686 The Waffen-SS killed 86 men after a bomb attack in the Gare d'Ascq.
June 7, 1944 Ardenne Abbey, France Ardenne Abbey massacre 20 Twenty Canadian Army POWs were executed by the Waffen SS during the Normany invasion.
June 10, 1944 Oradour-sur-Glane, France Oradour-sur-Glane massacre 0,000,642642[246] The Waffen-SS killed 642 men, women and children without giving any specific reasons for their actions.[246][247][248][249][250][251]
June 10, 1944 Distomo, Greece Distomo massacre 0,000,218218 Nazi war crime perpetrated by members of the Waffen-SS in the village of Distomo, Greece, during the Axis occupation of Greece during World War II.
August 4–25, 1944 Warsaw, Poland Ochota massacre 0,010,00010,000 Mass murders of citizens of Warsaw district Ochota in August 1944, committed by Waffen-SS, specifically the S.S. Sturmbrigade R.O.N.A. commanded by Bronislav Kaminski.
August 5–12, 1944 Warsaw, Poland Wola massacre 0,040,00040,000–100,000 Special groups of SS and German soldiers of the Wehrmacht went from house to house in Warsaw district Wola, rounding-up and shooting all inhabitants.
August 12, 1944 Sant'Anna di Stazzema, Italy Sant'Anna di Stazzema massacre 0,000,560560 Retreating SS-men of the II Battalion of SS-Panzergrenadier–Regiment 35 of 16th SS Panzergrenadier Division Reichsführer-SS, rounded up 560 villagers and refugees—mostly women, children and older men—shot them and then burned their bodies.
August 17-18, 1944 Courcelles, Belgium Courcelles massacre 27 Paramilitaries in support of the Rexist Party attack civilians after one of their party leaders is assassinated.
August 26, 1944 Rüsselsheim, Germany Rüsselsheim massacre 0,000,0066 The townspeople of Rüsselsheim killed six American POWs who were walking through the bombed-out town while escorted by two German guards.
September 29 – October 5, 1944 Marzabotto, Italy Marzabotto massacre 0,000,700700–1,800[252] The SS killed Italian civilians in reprisal for support given to the resistance movement.[252][253]
December 17, 1944 Malmedy, Belgium Malmedy massacre 0,000,08888 Nazi Waffen-SS soldiers shot American POWs (43 escaped).[254][255]
January 1, 1945 Chenogne, Belgium Chenogne massacre 0,000,06060 German prisoners of war were shot by American soldiers in an unauthorized retaliation for the Malmedy Massacre.
February 1945 Manila, Philippines Manila massacre 0,100,000100,000 Japanese occupying forces massacred an estimated 100,000 Filipino civilians during the Battle of Manila.
March 3, 1945 Pawłokoma, Poland Pawłokoma massacre 0,000,150150–500 Members of the Polish Home Army, aided by Poles living in nearby villages, massacred ethnic Ukrainians.
April 10, 1945 Celle, Germany Celle massacre[256] 0,000,300300 Massacre of concentration camp inmates that took place in Celle at the end of the Second World War.
May 15, 1945 Bleiburg, Austria Bleiburg massacre 0,050,00050,000–250,000[257] Fleeing Croatian soldiers, members of the Chetnik movement and Slovene Home Guard associated with the fascist Ustaše Regime of Croatia were apprehended by Yugoslav Partisans at the Austrian border. Among those killed were an unknown number of civilians.
May 1945 Sétif, Algeria Sétif massacre 0,006,0006,000 Muslim villages were bombed by French aircraft and the cruiser Duguay-Trouin standing off the coast, in the Gulf of Bougie, shelled Kerrata. Pied noir vigilantes lynched prisoners taken from local gaols or randomly shot Muslims[258][259][260]
July 8, 1945 Salina, Utah Utah prisoner of war massacre 0,000,0099 Nine German prisoners of war are killed and 19 were wounded when, at midnight, an American soldier named Clarence V. Bertucci climbed a guard tower and fired at the tents of the sleeping prisoners. By the time his fifteen-second rampage was stopped, six of the POWs were already dead, and three more would later die of their wounds.[261][262][263]
July 31, 1945 Ústí nad Labem, today Czech Republic Ústí massacre 0,000,08080–2,700 The Ústí massacre (Czech: Ústecký masakr, German: Massaker von Aussig) was a lynching of ethnic Germans in Ústí nad Labem (German: Aussig an der Elbe), a largely ethnic German city in northern Bohemia ("Sudetenland") shortly after the end of the World War II, on July 31, 1945.[264][265][266]

After 1945
Date Location Name Deaths Description
February 28, 1947 Taiwan February 28 Incident (February 28 massacre)[267][268] 0,018,0005,000–28,000 The Kuomintang authorities brually suppressed an anti-government uprising in Taiwan.
May 1, 1947 Piana degli Albanesi, Italy Portella della Ginestra massacre 0,000,01111 11 people were killed and 27 wounded during May Day celebrations in Sicily on May 1, 1947, in the municipality of Piana degli Albanesi, by the bandit and separatist leader Salvatore Giuliano and his followers.
December 9, 1947 Balongsari, Karawang, West Java, Indonesia Rawagede massacre 0,000,431431 Almost all men in the Indonesian village of Rawagede (modern-day Balongsari) were murdered by the KNIL for refusing to disclose the location of a wanted Indonesian independence fighter, Lukas Kustaryo. Most estimates place the number of dead at 431.
December 30, 1947 Haifa, Mandatory Palestine Haifa Oil Refinery massacre 0,000,03939 Members of Irgun, a Zionist terrorist organization, threw bombs at a group of 100 Palestinian Arab refinery workers, massacring 6 and wounding 42. Palestinian workers then attacked Jewish refinery workers in retaliation, resulting in 39 deaths and 49 injuries,[269]
December 31, 1947 Haifa, Mandatory Palestine Balad al-Shaykh massacre 0,000,01717–71 Haganah, a Zionist paramilitary organization, attacked residents of the Balad al-Shaykh village, massacring 21 Palestinian Arab civilians while they were asleep.
April 3, 1948 Jeju island, South Korea Jeju massacre 0,014,00014,000[270]–60,000[271] An uprising by the communist Workers' Party of South Korea was met with brutal suppression by the government. Many communist-sympathizer civilians were killed by South Korean troops putting down the rebellion. Between 14,000 and 60,000 people died during the uprising.[271]
April 9, 1948 Deir Yassin, Mandatory Palestine Deir Yassin massacre 0,000,107107–254 Paramilitaries belonging to the Zionist terrorist groups, Irgun and Lehi, attacked the village of Deir Yassin, near Jerusalem, home to about 750. The number of those massacred ranges between 107 and 254 Palestinian Arab villagers, including civilian men, women, and children.[272]
April 13, 1948 Mount Scopus, Mandatory Palestine Hadassah medical convoy massacre 0,000,07978–80 Arab forces ambushed a convoy, escorted by Haganah militia, that was bringing supplies and personnel to Hadassah Hospital on Mount Scopus. The Jewish dead were mainly doctors and nurses, and one British soldier was also killed.[273][274]
May 13, 1948 Kfar Etzion, Mandatory Palestine Kfar Etzion massacre 0,000,129129 Arab armed forces attacked a Jewish kibbutz the day before the Declaration of Independence of the state of Israel[275][276]
May 23, 1948 Tantura, Mandatory Palestine Tantura massacre 0,000,200+200+ The Israel Defense Force's Alexandroni Brigade attacked the village of Tantura and massacred up to 200 of its Palestinian Arab inhabitants.[277]
July 11, 1948 Lydda, Mandatory Palestine Massacre in Lydda (Dahamsh Mosque massacre) 0,000,250250–426 Over 150 Palestinian Arab civilians were massacred after an Israeli soldier dug a hole in the wall of the mosque and shot an anti-tank shell through it. They had taken shelter in the Dahamsh Mosque during the Israeli conquest of Lydda (today's Lod). All were crushed against the walls by the pressure from the blast and killed.[278] Also killed were 20 more after cleaning up the scene of the massacre. More civilians were killed as Israeli soldiers of the 89th Brigade, led by Moshe Dayan, threw grenades inside Palestinian houses, and those who fled to the streets were shot at by Israeli forces. Almost the entire population of Lydda, about 50,000 civilians at the time, which included many refugees, were then expelled, and hundreds of men, women and children died due to dehydration, exhaustion and disease during a death march to the Arab front lines.[279]
August 12, 1948 Charsadda, Pakistan Babrra massacre 600+[280] Pakistani police and militia forces killed more than 600 unarmed Pashtuns, who were supporters of the Khudai Khidmatgar movement, and injured more than 1200 others.[280]
October 29, 1948 Al-Dawayima, Mandatory Palestine Al-Dawayima massacre 0,000,08080–200 The Israeli Defense Forces massacred Palestinian Arab civilians in the town of al-Dawayima in the Hebron hills.[281][282]
October 29 Safsaf, Palestine Safsaf massacre 52–64 The Israeli Defense Forces massacred 52–64 Palestinian Arab civilians using two platoons of armored cars.[283][284]
October 30, 1948 Eilabun, Israel Eilabun massacre 0,000,01414 The Israeli Defense Forces massacred 14 Palestinians from the Arab Christian village of Eilabun, in north Israel, and expelled the rest of the residents to Lebanon. Part of the community returned some months thereafter with permission from Israel, granted due to pressure from the United Nations and the Vatican.
October 31 – November 1, 1948 Hula, Lebanon Hula massacre 0,000,03535–58 The Lebanese Shi'a Muslim village of Hula, near the Lebanese Litani River, was captured by the Carmeli Brigade of the Israel Defense Forces without any resistance. 35–58 captured men were shot and a house was later blown up on top of them. Of the two officers responsible, one served a one-year prison sentence.[285][286]
December 12, 1948 Batang Kali, Malaya Batang Kali massacre 0,000,02424 Unarmed villagers were shot and killed by the Scots Guards during the Malayan Emergency.[287]
January 5, 1949 Rengat, Indonesia Rengat massacre 80–2600 Part of Operation Kraai, and the bodies were disposed in the Indragiri River, the deaths included the father of an author named Chairil Anwar.[288]
December 24, 1949 Mungyeong, South Korea Mungyeong massacre 0,000,08686–88[289][290] Communist sympathizer civilians were killed by South Korean troops.
June 28, 1950 South Korea Bodo League massacre 0,004,934100,000–200,000[291][292] During the Korean War, communist sympathizer civilians or prisoners were killed by South Korean troops. Some scholars insist that the number of victims is between 100,000 and 200,000.[293] The number claimed by the 2005 South Korean Truth and Reconciliation Commission is 4,934.
June 28, 1950 Seoul, South Korea Seoul National University Hospital massacre 0,000,900900[294] During the Korean War, medical personnel, inpatients and wounded soldiers were killed by North Korean troops. There were 900 victims.[294]
July 26–29, 1950 No Gun Ri, South Korea No Gun Ri massacre 0,000,163163–400 Early in the Korean War, South Korean refugees trying to cross U.S. lines at No Gun Ri were killed by U.S. troops fearing North Korean infiltrators. In 2005, the South Korean government certified the names of 150 dead, 13 missing and 55 wounded, some of whom died of wounds, and said reports on many more victims were not filed.[295] The South Korean government-funded No Gun Ri Peace Foundation estimated in 2011 that 250–300 were killed, mostly women and children.[296] Survivors estimated 400 dead.[297]
August 14, 1950 Waegwan, South Korea Hill 303 massacre 0,000,04141[298] During the Korean War, American POWs were massacred by North Korean Army on August 14, 1950.[298]
October 1950 – early 1951 Namyangju, North Korea Namyangju massacre 0,000,460460[299] During the Korean War, South Korean citizens were massacred by South Korean police between October 1950 and early 1951.[300][301]
October 9–31, 1950 Goyang, South Korea Goyang Geumjeong Cave massacre 0,000,153153[302] During the Korean War, South Korean civilians were massacred by South Korean police between October 9 to 31, 1950.[302]
October 17 – December 7, 1950 Sinchon, North Korea Sinchon Massacre 0,030,00030,000[299] The North Korean government claims that North Korean citizens were massacred by United States forces between October 17 to December 7, 1950.[299] This is widely disputed.
January 6–9, 1951 Ganghwa, South Korea Ganghwa massacre 0,000,212212–1,300[303][304] During the Korean War, Communist collaborator civilians were massacred by South Korean forces, South Korean Police forces and pro-South Korea forces militia.
February 7, 1951 Sancheong and Hamyang, South Korea Sancheong and Hamyang massacre 0,000,705705[305] During the Korean War, Communist sympathizer civilians were massacred by South Korean Army on February 7, 1951.[305]
February 9–11, 1951 Geochang, South Korea Geochang massacre 0,000,719719[306] During the Korean War, Communist sympathizer civilians were massacred by South Korean Army between February 9 and 11, 1951.[306]
February 26, 1951 Tirana, Albania Albanian intellectual massacres 22 Intellectuals who could present opposition to Enver Hoxha were executed.
March 26, 1953 Lari near Nairobi, Kenya Lari massacre 0,000,150~150 About 150 Kikuyu were killed by fellow tribesmen.[307][308]
October 14, 1953 Qibya, West Bank, Palestine Qibya massacre 0,000,06969+ Also known as the Qibya incident, occurred during "Operation Shoshana" when Israeli troops of Unit 101 under Ariel Sharon attacked the village of Qibya in the West Bank. At least sixty-nine Palestinian Arab villagers were killed, two-thirds of them women and children.
June 16, 1955 Buenos Aires, Argentina Bombing of Plaza de Mayo 308+ Failed coup by anti-Perón factions of the Argentine military
October 29, 1956 Kafr Qasim, Israel Kafr Qasim massacre 0,000,04848–49 Israeli Border Police shoot Israeli Arab farmers returning to their village from work, unaware of a curfew imposed on it. The police command ordered that civilians caught disobeying the curfew be shot. Over half the casualties were women and children.
March 21, 1960 Sharpeville, South Africa Sharpeville massacre 0,000,07272–90[309] South African police shot down black protesters.[310]
June 16, 1960 Mueda, Mozambique Mueda massacre 0,000,200200–325 Makonde nationalists organized a demonstration in front of the Mueda District headquarters on the Mueda town square demanding independence from Portugal, apparently the district administrator had invited them to present their grievances.[311] The administrator ordered the leaders arrested, and the crowd protested.[312] The Portuguese administrator ordered his pre-assembled troops to fire on the crowd,[313] and then many more were thrown to their death into a ravine.[314] The number of dead is disputed.[315] However, resentment generated by these events led to independentist guerrilla FRELIMO gaining needed momentum at the outset of the Mozambican War of Independence.[312][313]
September 6, 1960 Matikhru, India Matikhrü Massacre[316][317] 9 The incident took place on September 6, 1960, when forces of the 16th Punjab Regiment of the Indian Army committed an act of mass murder against the village of Matikhru in Nagaland.
October 17, 1961 Paris, France Paris massacre of 1961 0,000,200200–325 French police, commanded by Maurice Papon, crushed a pacific demonstration of Algerians independentists.
June 2, 1962 Novocherkassk, Soviet Union Novocherkassk massacre 0,000,02323–70[318][319]The MVD open fire on a crowd of protesters demonstrating against inflation.[320]
July 5, 1962 Oran, Algeria Oran massacre of 1962 0,000,09595[321] Massacre of civilians including Europeans by an angry mob at the end of the Algerian War (1954–62).
December 28, 1962 Dominican Republic Liborista massacre 0,000,600600 The Dominican military dropped napalm on the Liboristas from airplanes—burning six hundred people to death.
1963 Mato Grosso, Brazil Massacre at 11th Parallel 3,500 Rubber workers massacre a village of Cinta Larga, leaving only 2 people alive.
August–October 1964 Jérémie, Haiti Jérémie Vespers 0,000,02727 In 1964, a group of exiled opponents of the François Duvalier regime called "Jeune Haiti" landed in Haiti to try to overthrow Duvalier, which ended in failure. Because many of those who participated in the overthrowing were originally from the city of Jérémie, the government ordered reprisals against their relatives, so the army and other elements of the Duvalier regime entered the city and killed 27 people.
1965–1966 Indonesia Indonesian massacres of 1965–1966 400,000–3,000,000 Massacre of those accused of being communists in Indonesia.[322][323][324]
August 1, 1966 Austin, Texas, United States University of Texas massacre 0,000,01616 University of Texas at Austin was the site of a massacre by Charles Whitman, who killed his mother and wife at their homes before killing 15 and wounding 32 others at the university atop the university tower before the police killed him.
October 9, 1966 Binh Tai village in Phước Bình District of Sông Bé Province, South Vietnam Binh Tai Massacre 0,000,06868[325]South Korean soldiers purportedly killed 68 South Vietnamese villagers.[325]
December 3–6, 1966 Binh Hoa village in Quảng Ngãi Province, South Vietnam Bình Hòa massacre 0,000,422422–430[326][327]South Korean soldiers purportedly killed South Vietnamese villagers.[326]
June 24, 1967 Catavi Mine, Bolivia San Juan Massacre 20+ Bolivian president and dictator René Barrientos felt that the mining communities were where the most anti-government sentiment came from, so he sent the military to shoot workers as they partied.
October 5-7, 1967 Asaba, Nigeria Asaba massacre 0,000,500500–1,000 Igbo civilians are killed by the Nigerian 2nd Division commanded by Murtala Mohammed, during the Nigerian Civil War.
January 31 – February 28, 1968 Huế, South Vietnam Massacre at Huế 0,002,8002,800–6,000[328] During the 1968 Tet Offensive in the Vietnam War, unarmed South Vietnamese civilians were massacred by North Vietnamese Army and Vietcong. Numerous mass graves were discovered in and around Huế after the Offensive. Victims included women, men, children, and infants.[329] The estimated death toll was between 2,800 and 6,000 civilians and POWs.[330] The Republic of Vietnam released a list of 4,062 victims identified as having been either murdered or abducted.[331][332] Victims were found bound, tortured, and often buried alive.[333][334][335] Many victims were also clubbed to death.[336]
March 18, 1968 Corregidor, Philippines Jabidah massacre 0,000,01111–200 The Jabidah massacre was the killing of Moro soldiers by members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines (AFP) on March 18, 1968.[337][338][339]
February 12, 1968 Phong Nhi and Phong Nhat hamlets,
Dien Ban District of Quảng Nam Province, South Vietnam		 Phong Nhi and Phong Nhat massacre 0,000,07979[340] South Korean soldiers killed unarmed South Vietnamese villagers.
February 25, 1968 Hà My village, Quảng Nam Province, South Vietnam Hà My massacre 0,000,135135[341] South Korean soldiers purportedly killed unarmed South Vietnamese villagers.
March 16, 1968 Mỹ Lai and Mỹ Khê hamlets,
Sơn Mỹ, Quảng Ngãi, South Vietnam		 My Lai Massacre 0,000,347347–504[342]U.S. soldiers murdered, tortured and assaulted 347–504 unarmed South Vietnamese villagers suspected of aiding the Vietcong, ranging in ages from 1–81 years, mostly women and children.[342][343]
October 2, 1968 Mexico City, Mexico Tlatelolco massacre 0,000,02525–250[344][345] Government troops massacred between 25 (officially) and 250 (according to human rights activists, CIA documents[346] and independent investigations) students 10 days before the 1968 Summer Olympics taking place in Mexico City, and then tried to wash the blood away, along with evidence of the massacre.[345][347]
May 4, 1970 Kent State University, Ohio, United States Kent State massacre 0,000,0044[348] 29 members of the Ohio National Guard opened fire on unarmed students protesting the expansion of the Vietnam War into Cambodia on the Kent State University college campus, killing 4 and wounding 9, one of whom was permanently paralyzed.[348][349][350]
May 15, 1971 Barisal District, East Pakistan Ketnar Bil massacre 0,000,500500+ Massacre of unarmed Bengali Hindus in Ketnar Bil region of Barisal District by the Pakistan Army.
June 10, 1971 Mexico City, Mexico Corpus Christi massacre 0,000,001Unknown (officially); 120 (according to independent investigations) Similar to the Tlatelolco Massacre, the Corpus Christi Massacre took place on Thursday, June 10, 1971, when a student march got brutally attacked by a shock group called Los Halcones.
January 30, 1972 Derry, Northern Ireland Bogside massacre (January 31, 1972)[351] 0,000,01414[352] British paratroopers fired on unarmed civil rights protesters, killing 14.[353] The government sponsored Saville Report, released in June 2010, found all those killed were innocent civil rights demonstrators, prompting an apology by UK Prime Minister David Cameron. As of that time, no one had been prosecuted for the killings.[354]
April 29, 1972 Highway 1, South Vietnam Shelling of Highway 1 ~ 2,000 Shelling of Highway 1 is a killing of South Vietnamese soldiers by People's army of Vietnam (PAVN)
May 30, 1972 Lod, Israel Lod Airport massacre 0,000,02626[355] Three members of the Japanese Red Army, on behalf of the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine, killed 26 people and injured 80 others at Tel Aviv's Lod airport (now Ben Gurion International Airport).[355][356][357][358][359]
August 22, 1972 Trelew, Argentina Trelew massacre 16 Government members during the Dirty War torture and kill members of the left wing guerrilla group Montoneros.
September 5, 1972 Munich, Germany Munich massacre[360] 0,000,01212[361] Members of the Israeli Olympic team were taken hostage and killed by the Palestinian Black September group. A West German police officer was also killed.
May 25, 1973 Ezeiza, Argentina Ezeiza massacre[362] 0,000,01313[362] Members of the right wing of the Peronist party shot and killed at least 13 after Peron's return to Argentina.
February 7, 1974 Jolo, Sulu, Philippines Battle of Jolo (1974)[363] 0,020,00020,000[363]–50,000 Soldiers of the Armed Forces of the Philippines looted and burned the southern Philippine town of Jolo, Sulu and killed many of its Muslim Tausug inhabitants while leaving many more homeless after an engagement with the Moro rebels.
April 11, 1974 Kiryat Shmona, Israel Kiryat Shmona massacre[364] 0,000,01818[365] On Passover, 3 members of the terrorist group the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine-General Command (PFLPGC), cross into Israel from Lebanon and attack an apartment building in the town of Kiryat Shmona using guns and explosives, murdering 18 civilians and including 8 children.[366]
May 15, 1974 Ma'alot, Israel Ma'alot massacre[367][368] 0,000,02929[368] Members of the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine infiltrate Israel from Lebanon, shoot and kill a Christian Arab woman and a Jewish couple and their 4-year-old son, and then take hostage and kill 22 high school students and three of their adult escorts.[368]
August 14, 1974 Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda, Cyprus Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda massacre[369][370][371] 0,000,126126[372] EOKA-B gunmen massacred the Turkish Cypriot inhabitants of the villages of Maratha, Santalaris and Aloda.[369][372]
August 14, 1974 Tochni, Cyprus Tochni massacre 84 EOKA-B gunmen massacred the Turkish Cypriot inhabitants of the Tochni.[373][374][375][376][377][378][379]
September 24, 1974 Palimbang, Sultan Kudarat, Philippines Malisbong Massacre[380] 0,001,0001,000–1,500[380] Soldiers of the Armed Forces of the Philippines murdered male Muslim Moros aged 11–70 years old in a village surrounding a nearby mosque.
July 31, 1975 Northern Ireland Miami Showband massacre 0,000,0055 Members of a loyalist paramilitary group, the Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF), killed three members of pop group the Miami Showband in a gun and bomb attack. Two UVF members also died when the bomb exploded prematurely.[381][382][383][384][385]
January 5, 1976 Northern Ireland Kingsmill massacre 0,000,01010[386] Irish republicans shot ten Protestant workers dead outside the village of Kingsmill in County Armagh, Northern Ireland.[386][387]
January 18, 1976 Lebanon Karantina massacre 0,001,5001,500 Lebanese Christian militia overrun the Karantina district in East Beirut and kill up to 1,500 Palestinians and Muslims during the Lebanese Civil War.[388]
January 20, 1976 Lebanon Damour massacre 0,000,150150–582[389] Palestinian militia aligned with the Lebanese National Movement kill 150–582 Christian civilians in the village of Damour during the Lebanese Civil War, in retaliation for the Karantina massacre.[389]
June 16, 1976 Soweto, South Africa Soweto massacre 0,000,176176–700 The South African Police shoot a group of young black protesters who were protesting.
July 4, 1976 Belgrano, Buenos Aires, Argentina San Patricio Church massacre 5 Government officials execute three priests and two seminarians during the Dirty War.
August 8, 1976 Letipea, Estonia Letipea massacre 11 A conflict between workers and drunken Soviet border guards escalated when one of the guards opened fire with a machine gun, killing multiple workers as well as one of his fellow guards.
August 20, 1976 Fátima, Buenos Aires, Argentina Fatima massacre 30 Prisoners in the custody of the federal police - illegally detained - were drugged, shot, and later their bodies were blown up to hide evidence of the crime.
August 12, 1976 Lebanon Tel al-Zaatar massacre 0,001,5001,500–3,000 Lebanese Christian militias enter the Tel al-Zaatar refugee camp and kill up to 3,000 people during the Lebanese Civil War.[390][391]
October 6, 1976 Thailand 6 October 1976 massacre 0,000,04545–500 Right-wing authorities and right-wing anti-communist/ people defending the monarchy surrounded Thammasat University and killed 40 or more protesters.[392]
December 13, 1976 Margarita Belén, Argentina Margarita Belén massacre 22 22 Montoneros were tortured and executed, and the case was used during one of the first trials of Jorge Rafael Videla.
September 4, 1977 Chinatown, San Francisco, United States Golden Dragon massacre 0,000,0055 Five members of a Chinese-American gang called the Joe Boys attempt to kill leaders of a rival gang called the Wah Ching. Their attack on the Golden Dragon restaurant kills 5 people and wounds another 11, none of them gang members.
October 18, 1977 La Troncal Canton, Ecuador Aztra massacre 0,000,100100+ Workers from the Aztra ingenio who were on strike are assassinated by the National Police of Ecuador.
March 11, 1978 Israel Coastal Road massacre 0,000,03535[393] Palestinian Fatah members based in Lebanon land on a beach north of Tel Aviv, kill an American photographer, and hijack an inter-city bus driving along Israel's Coastal Highway. 35 civilians are killed and 80 wounded.[393][394][395][396]
January 31, 1979 Marichjhapi, West Bengal, India Marichjhapi massacre 0,000,05050–1,000[397] Marichjhapi massacre refers to the forcible eviction of Bangladeshi refugees and their subsequent death by starvation, exhaustion and police firing in the period between January–June 1979.
April 20, 1979 Kerala, Kunar Province, Afghanistan Kerala massacre 1,170-1,260 Socialist Afghan Army attacks fleeing Afghans at the Pakistani-Afghan border.
June 16, 1979 Aleppo, Syria Aleppo Artillery School massacre 50-83 Muslim Brotherhood militants, during a violent uprising, massacre Syrian Army soldiers.
November 1, 1979 La Paz, Bolivia All Saints' Massacre 100-120 After trade unions launched a protest movement against dictator Alberto Natusch, he sent the military to shoot protestors.
November 3, 1979 Greensboro, United States Greensboro massacre 0,000,0055 Members of the Ku Klux Klan and the American Nazi Party assassinate 5 members of the Communist Workers' Party who were protesting.
May 14, 1980 Sumpul River, near Chalatenango, El Salvador Sumpul River massacre 300-600 Refugees fleeing violence are killed by the Salvadoran military, while being blocked by Honduran border guards from entering the country.
May 18, 1980 South Korea Gwangju massacre 0,000,165165–2,000 An escalated popular uprising in the city of Gwangju, South Korea during which some of the civilian protesters armed themselves by raiding police stations and military depots led to the South Korean army violently ending the protests, causing 165 (maximum estimated) of deaths (including 24 soldiers, 4 policemen).
June 27, 1980 Palmyra, Syria Tadmor Prison massacre 0,001,000about 1,000 The massacre occurred the day after a failed attempt to assassinate Syrian president Hafez el-Assad. Members of the units of the Defence Brigades, under the command of Rifaat El Assad, brother of the president, entered in Tadmor Prison and assassinated about a thousand prisoners in the cells and the dormitories.
December 11, 1981 El Salvador El Mozote massacre 0,001,0001,000 The El Mozote Massacre took place in the village of El Mozote, in Morazán department, El Salvador, on December 11, 1981, when Salvadoran armed forces trained by the United States military killed at least 1,000 civilians in an anti-guerrilla campaign.[398]
January 14, 1982 Mexico Tula massacre 0,000,01313 13 tortured bodies were found at Tula, Hidalgo, Mexico at the time of Arturo Durazo Moreno Administration.
February 2, 1982 Syria Hama massacre 0,007,0007,000–35,000[399] The Syrian Army killed an estimated 30,000 people in the city of Hama. Instances of mass execution and torture by the Syrian military were documented during the attacks.[400]
March 17, 1982 Santa Rita, Chalatenango, El Salvador Santa Rita massacre 8 Salvadoran soldiers attack Dutch journalists and suspected FMLN troops.
August 21–22, 1982 El Calabozo, San Vicente Department, El Salvador El Calabozo massacre 200+ Notorious Atlacatl Battalion massacres fleeing civilians.
September 16–18, 1982 Lebanon Sabra and Shatila massacre 0,000,460460–3,500 Residents of Sabra and Shatila, mostly Palestinian refugees and Lebanese Shia, are killed by the Christian Lebanese Forces militia in the refugee camps, with the help of Israeli forces that encircled the area. The United Nations General Assembly condemned the massacre and declared it to be an act of genocide.[401][402][403]
December 6, 1982 Dos Erres, Guatemala Dos Erres Massacre More than 250 US-trained Guatemalan, elite forces came to the village and claimed the village were hiding weapons from rebels. They searched the entire village but they could not find any weapons. The next day, these soldiers massacred everyone in the village. There were only 3 survivors.[404]
February 19, 1983 Chinatown–International District, Seattle, United States Wah Mee massacre 0,000,01313 Three Chinese-American gangsters bind, rob, and shoot 14 people in the Wah Mee gambling club at the Louisa Hotel, 13 of whom die.[405][406]
April 3, 1983 Peru Lucanamarca massacre 0,000,06969 Maoist Shining Path guerrillas massacre 69 men, women and children with axes, machetes and guns in and around the town of Lucanamarca, Peru.[407]
February 10, 1984 Kenya Wagalla massacre 0,005,000~5,000 a massacre of ethnic Somalis by Kenyan security forces who first gathered them at the Wagalla Airstrip, Wajir County, Kenya.
July 18, 1984 San Diego, United States San Ysidro McDonald's massacre 0,000,02121 Gunman James Oliver Huberty killed 21 people in a McDonald's restaurant before being fatally shot by a SWAT team sniper.[408][409][410]
September 2, 1984 Milperra, Sydney, Australia Milperra massacre 7 A gang shoot-out in the suburbs of Sydney prompted an overhaul of Australian gun laws, making them more strict.
October 31 – November 3, 1984 India 1984 Sikh massacre 0,002,7322,732–8,000 Mobs composed primarily of Indian National Congress workers and local hoodlums chased down and lynched Sikhs in northern India following the assassination of India PM, Indira Gandhi, at the hands of her Sikh guards.
March 23, 1985 Iraq Dujail Massacre 0,000,129129[411]
(33 died in detention before trial)		 Dujail was the site of an unsuccessful assassination attempt against then Iraqi president, Saddam Hussein by the Shiite Dawa Party, on July 8, 1982. Saddam Hussein ordered his special security and military forces to arrest all Dawa members and their families, imprisoning 787 men, women and children. In March 1985, 96 of the 148 who had confessed to having taken part in the assassination attempt were executed.[411][412][413][414]
May 14, 1985 Sri Lanka Anuradhapura massacre 0,000,146146[415] Tamil Tiger gunmen shot dead 146 Sinhalese civilians including Buddhist nuns and monks and injured 85 others as they were praying at Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi, a sacred Buddhist shrine in Anuradhapura.[416]
August 14, 1985 Peru Accomarca massacre 0,000,04747–74[417][418][419] An army massacre of campesinos (including six children) in Accomarca, Ayacucho.[418]
September 20, 1985 Escalante, Negros Occidental, Philippines Escalante massacre 20 The Marcos regime shot protesters opposing the declaration of martial law.
February 19, 1986 Akkaraipattu, Sri Lanka Akkaraipattu massacre 80 Sinhalese Sri Lankan government soldiers attack Tamil farmers
January 23, 1987 Uludere, Turkey Ortabağ Massacre 8 Kurdish militants throw grenades into the chimney of a Turkish family's house, killing most of the family.
March 7, 1987 Donggang, Lieyu, Kinmen, Taiwan Lieyu massacre (Donggang Incident) 0,000,01919+ Republic of China Army executed all the unarmed Vietnamese refugees in a disoriented fishing boat seeking for political asylum at Donggang beach of Lieyu, Kinmen on March 7–8, 1987.[420]
April 17, 1987 Aluth Oya, North Central Province, Sri Lanka Aluth Oya massacre 127 LTTE gunmen storm a bus heading through the town, and shoot all the Sinhalese passengers.
June 2, 1987 Sri Lanka Aranthalawa Massacre 0,000,03737 Tamil Tigers stopped a bus carrying Buddhist monks in Arantalawa and massacred all except of one monk. Killed in the massacre are Chief Priest Ven. Hegoda Indrasara and several novice monks (under the age of 18)[421]
June 20, 1987 Pınarcık, Mardin Province, Turkey Pınarcık massacre 30 On June 20, 1987, PKK committed a massacre in the village of Pınarcık in the Mardin Province of Turkey, killing more than 30 people, mainly women and children.[422][423][424]
July 6, 1987 Lalru, India Lalru bus massacre 38 Sikh separatists storm a bus heading through Punjab, and loot and kill all the Hindu passengers.
July 7, 1987 Fatehabad district, Haryana, India Fatehabad bus massacre 34 Khalistan Commando Force gunmen storm a bus in Haryana to kill Hindus, just one day after a similar incident in Punjab.
August 9, 1987 Clifton Hill, Victoria, Australia Hoddle Street massacre 0,000,0077[425] The Hoddle Street massacre was a killing spree which claimed the lives of 7 people and wounded 19 others at Hoddle Street in Clifton Hill in north-eastern Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[426]
August 19, 1987 Hungerford, England Hungerford massacre 0,000,01616[427] A gunman armed with semi-automatic rifles and a handgun killed 16 people before committing suicide.[428]
September 29–October 8, 1987 Eastern Province, Sri Lanka 1987 Eastern Province massacres 200+ Tamil mobs and militants attack Sinhalese civilians.
November 8, 1987 Enniskillen, Northern Ireland Remembrance Day bombing (Poppy Day massacre).[429][430][431] 0,000,01212 Provisional IRA bombing at the town's cenotaph on Remembrance Sunday.[432]
December 8, 1987 Melbourne, Victoria, Australia Queen Street massacre 0,000,0088[425] The Queen Street massacre was a killing spree which claimed the lives of 8 people and wounded 5 others in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.[426]
February 26-March 1, 1988 Sumgait, Azerbaijan Sumgait Massacre 32-200+ Azerbaijani residents attacked and killed ethnic Armenian residents of the town.
March 16, 1988 Belfast, Northern Ireland Milltown massacre 0,000,0033 Ulster Defence Association (UDA) member Michael Stone kills three people and injures 60 others in a gun and grenade attack at the funeral of three IRA members being held in Milltown Cemetery, Belfast.[433][434]
March 1988 Remote Amazonas, Brazil Helmet massacre 14 Government workers massacre unarmed Ticuna.
April 4–9, 1989 Tbilisi, Georgia Tbilisi Massacre 21 Georgians protesting for independence and democracy were shot at, but the protests succeeded.
June 27, 1988 Villa Tunari, Bolivia Villa Tunari massacre 9-12 Bolivian rural police units massacre striking indigenous cocaleros.
June 4, 1989 Beijing, China Tiananmen Square protests of 1989 0,000,400300–2,700 The mourning of Hu Yaobang eventually evolved into a large-scale anti-corruption and democratic demonstration, which was ended in a violent suppression by state-controlled army. The actual number of deaths is still unknown. The massacre did not occur within Tiananmen Square, but in the surrounding areas of the square.[435][436]
October 3, 1989 Panama City, Panama Albrook Massacre[437][438] 0,000,01212 Following a failed coup, 12 officers were shot dead by forces loyal to Panamanian leader Manuel Noriega.[439][440][441][442]
December 6, 1989 École Polytechnique, Montreal, Quebec, Canada École Polytechnique massacre[443] 0,000,01414 Marc Lépine, a misogynist and anti-feminist, shot and killed 14 female students of the École Polytechnique de Montréal and wounded 14 other people before turning his gun on himself. The event led to stricter gun control laws and changes in police tactical response to shootings in Canada.[444][445]
September 5, 1990 Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka Eastern University massacre 0,000,158158[446] Eastern University massacre is the massacre of 158 minority Sri Lankan Tamil civilians by the Sri Lankan Army in the eastern Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka.[446][447][448]
January 19–20, 1990 Baku, Azerbaijan Black January 131-170 Soviet Army troops fire upon Azerbaijani protestors during the dissolution of the Soviet Union.
January 20, 1990 Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir Gawkadal massacre 0,000,05050+ Indian paramilitary troops of the Central Reserve Police Force opened fire on Kashmiri protesters.
June 11, 1990 Eastern Province, Sri Lanka Massacre of Sri Lankan police officers 600-774 After ceasefire agreements break down, Tamil separatists shoot Sri Lankan police officers who had surrendered earlier.
July 29, 1990 Sinkor, Monrovia, Liberia Monrovia Church massacre 0,000,600~600 Around 30 government soldiers loyal to Samuel Doe and belonging to his Krahn tribe entered St. Peter's Lutheran Church, indiscriminately slaughtering the mostly Gio and Mano people inside.
August 3, 1990 Kattankudy, Sri Lanka Kattankudy mosque massacre 147 Alleged LTTE militants massacred hundreds of Muslim men praying, although the separatists have denied involvement.
September 9, 1990 Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka Sathurukondan massacre 0,000,184184[449][450] Sathurukondan massacre, also known as the 1990 Batticaloa massacre is the massacre of 184 minority Sri Lankan Tamil civilians by the Sri Lankan Army in the eastern Batticaloa District, Sri Lanka.[449][450][451][452][453]
November 13, 1990 Aramoana, New Zealand Aramoana massacre 0,000,01313 Lone gunman David Malcolm Gray began shooting indiscriminately at people, killing 13 people before being killed by police himself, allegedly after a dispute with his next door neighbor. It remains New Zealand's deadliest criminal shooting.[454][455][456][457]
January - March 1991 Awdal, Somalia Dilla Massacre 1000 + The Dilla Massacre, was a series of events that spanned from January 1991 to March 1991, perpetrated by members of the Somali National Movement (SNM) rebel group, against the Gadabuursi clan. The most violent episode was on February 4, 1991, in Dilla, Awdal where hundreds of people were murdered within a single day.[458][459] The killings were referred to and classified as ethnic cleansing, against the Gadabursi, by the United Nations.[460]
June 15, 1991 Ludhiana, Punjab, India 1991 Punjab killings 80-100 Khalistan Commando Force gunmen storm multiple trains in Punjab and kill Hindu passengers.
July 1991-June 1992 Sisak, Croatia Sisak killings 24-33-100+ Croatian army and police attack Croatian Serb civilians.
August 1, 1991 Dalj, Croatia Dalj massacre 56-57 Croatian Serb separatist forces attack Croatian servicemen defending a water tank.
August 17, 1991 Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia Strathfield massacre 8 Wade Frankum stabs and later shoots up a shopping mall.
August 22, 1991 Banija, Croatia Banija villages killings 15 Croatian forces massacre Croatian Serb civilians in villages.
September 3, 1991 Četekovac, Croatia Četekovac massacre 22 Serbian rebels attack Croat civilians.
September 21, 1991 Korana, Karlovac, Croatia Korana bridge killings 13 Croatian police officer executes Yugoslav POWs.
September 22, 1991 Tovarnik, Croatia Tovarnik massacre 68 Serbian paramilitaries attack Croat civilians.
September–December 1991 Berak, Croatia Berak killings 28-56 Serbian rebels attack Croat civilians.
October 3 and 16, 1991 Novo Selo Glinsko, Glina, Croatia Novo Selo Glinsko massacre 32 SAO Krajina forces massacre Croat civilians.
October 10–18, 1991 Lovas, Croatia Lovas killings 70 Serbian forces and paramilitary groups kill numerous Croat civilians.
October 13–21, 1991 Gospić, Croatia Široka Kula massacre 41 Serb militiamen attack Croatian civilians and some Serbs alleged to be helping them.
October 16, 1991 Killeen, Texas, United States Luby's shooting 0,000,02222 George Jo Hennard drove his pickup truck into a Luby's Cafeteria and shot and killed 22 people, wounded another 20 and then committed suicide by shooting himself.[461][462][463][464][465]
October 17–25, 1991 Gospić, Croatia Gospić massacre 100-120 Croatian police and army massacre Serb civilians.
October 21, 1991 Baćin, Croatia Baćin massacre 83 Serbian forces massacre Croat civilians at a town near the Serb-Croatian border.
October 29, 1991 Požega, Croatia Požega villages massacre 44-70 Croatian Army forces massacre Serb civilians and burn numerous houses.
November 3, 1991 Lima, Peru Barrios Altos massacre 0,000,02222 Fifteen people were killed and four injured when Grupo Colina, the anti-communist paramilitary squad, opened fire on a neighborhood barbecue which they had mistaken for a gathering of Maoist Shining Path rebels.[466]
November 7, 1991 Poljanak and Vukovici, Lika, Croatia Poljanak and Vukovići massacres 10 Serbian forces and rebels massacre Croat civilians.
November 10, 1991 Erdut, Croatia Erdut killings 37 Serb paramilitaries massacre Hungarian and Croat civilians.
November 12, 1991 Dili, Timor Leste Santa Cruz massacre 0,000,270~270 An estimated 270 pro-independence demonstrators were killed in the Santa Cruz Cemetery while conducting a peaceful memorial service during the Indonesian Occupation of East Timor and is part of the East Timorese Genocide.[467]
November 12, 1991 Saborsko, Croatia Saborsko massacre 29 Serbian forces attack Croat civilians.
November 15, 1991 Sudan, Bor Bor massacre 0,002,0002,000–27,000 An estimated 2,000 civilians were massacred in Bor during the Second Sudanese Civil War by Nuer fighters from SPLA-Nasir, led by Riek Machar, and the militant group known as the Nuer White Army.[468]
November 15, 1991 Croatia Kostrići massacre 16 Serb paramilitary attacks Croatian civilians
November 18–21, 1991 Vukovar, Croatia Vukovar massacre 0,000,264264 Members of the Serb militias, aided by the Yugoslav People's Army, killed Croat civilians and POWs.[469][470][471][472]
November 18–19, 1991 Škabrnja, Croatia Škabrnja massacre 67 Serb paramilitaries and army execute Croatian POWs.
December 11, 1991 Paulin Dvor, Croatia Paulin Dvor massacre 19 Croatian army forces massacre Serb villagers.
December 11, 1991 Gornje Jame, Glina, Croatia Gornje Jame massacre 16 Serbian paramilitaries massacre the Croats of a village, and one Serb who tried protecting them.
December 13, 1991 Voćin, Croatia Voćin massacre 43 White Eagles massacre Croat civilians.
December 16, 1991 Joševica, Croatia Joševica massacre 32 Serbian paramilitaries massacre Croat civilians.
December 21, 1991 Bruška, Croatia Bruška massacre 10 Serbian soldier attacks and murders a Croatian family playing cards with a Serb.
February 10–12, 1992 Malibeyli, Aşağı Quşçular, and Yuxarı Quşçular, Nagorno-Karabakh Gushchular and Malibeyli massacre 8 Armenian militias during the First Nagorno-Karabakh War capture the Ghushchular villages, along with the village of Malibeyli. Azerbaijani forces blended in with civilians when attempting to escape the village, and impatient militiamen shot and killed Azerbaijani civilians.
February 12, 1992 Bara, Bihar, India Bara massacre 35-40 An armed group of the Maoist Communist Centre of India containing members of schedule castes and OBCs killed a large group of Bhumihar men.
February 17, 1992 Garadaghly, Nagorno-Karabakh Capture of Garadaghly 20-53 Armenian soldiers, wanting to avenge a fallen comrade, kill numerous Azerbaijani civilians and soldiers.
February 26, 1992 Khojaly, Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan Khojaly Massacre 0,000,613613[473] Armenian armed forces, reportedly with help of the Russian 366th Motor Rifle Regiment, raided the town of Khojaly and massacred its Muslim civilian population. The death toll according to the Government of Azerbaijan was 613 civilians, of whom 106 were women and 83 were children.[474][475][476]
March 26, 1992 Sijekovac, Bosnia and Herzegovina Sijekovac killings 58 Croatian forces attack Serb civilians.
April 1–2, 1992 Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina Bijeljina massacre 48-78 Serbian forces massacre Bosniak civilians after a Bosniak paramilitary group announces its formation.
April 7, 1992 Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina Foča ethnic cleansing 2,707 Serbian forces massacre all Bosniak inhabitants of the town.
April 10, 1992 Maraga, Nagorno-Karabakh, Azerbaijan Maraga massacre 43–100 Armenian inhabitants of village were killed by Azerbaijani Armed Forces.
April 17, 1992 Šamac, Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosanski Šamac ethnic cleansing 126 Serb paramilitary groups massacre the Bosniak and Croat residents of the town.
April 29, 1992 Snagovo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Snagovo massacre 36 Serb forces rounded up and shot the Bosniak residents of the town.
April 29, 1992 Polonnaruwa District, Sri Lanka Polonnaruwa massacre 157 Gunmen, allegedly LTTE, attack Sinhalese villagers late at night.
April 30, 1992 Prijedor, Bosnia and Herzegovina Prijedor ethnic cleansing 3,000+ Bosnian Serb forces massacre all non-Serb, mainly Croatian civilians in the city.
April 30, 1992 Brčko, Bosnia and Herzegovina Brčko bridge massacre ~100 Serbian forces massacre Croat and Bosniak civilians.
April 1992 Zvornik, Bosnia and Herzegovina Zvornik massacre 491-3,936 Serb forces massacre all non-Serb ethnic groups in the town.
April 1992 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Kazani pit killings 150-200 Bosnian Army soldiers massacre predominantly Bosnian Serb civilians of the city during the Siege of Sarajevo.
May 9, 1992 Glogova, Bosnia and Herzegovina Glogova massacre 64 Serb forces massacre the Bosniak civilians of the town.
May 16, 1992 Milići, Republika Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina Zaklopača massacre 63-83 Serbian forces massacre the non-Serb inhabitants of the village.
May 25–27, 1992 Bradina, Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina Bradina massacre 48-54 Bosniak and Bosniak Croat troops shot up a church where Bosnian Serbs were praying.
May 26, 1992 Crničici, Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosanska Jagodina massacre 17 Serbian White Eagles massacre Bosnian men.
May 1992 Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina Doboj ethnic cleansing 408 Serb forces massacre all non-Serb civilians in the city.
June 1, 1992 Bijeli Potok, Bosnia and Herzegovina Bijeli Potok massacre 682 Hundreds of Bosnian men and boys were shot and killed in the Drina Valley, and 245 of the bodies are yet to be found.
June 10, 1992 Čemerno, Bosnia and Herzegovina Čemerno massacre 32-49 Bosniak forces massacre the Serb inhabitants of a town, causing its abandonment.
June 14, 1992 Novi Grad, Bosnia and Herzegovina Ahatovići massacre 47 Srpskan forces massacre Bosnian POWs.
June 15, 1992 Rogatica, Bosnia and Herzegovina Paklenik massacre 50 Serb forces transporting Bosnian men stop at a ravine and execute all but one.
June 17, 1992 Boipatong, South Africa Boipatong massacre 0,000,04545[477] 45 African National Congress (ANC) supporters were killed by members of the Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP).
July 8, 1992 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Gornji Velešići massacre 6 Bosnian Army soldiers massacre the Ristovic family, who were Bosnian Serbs.
July 18, 1992 Lima, Peru La Cantuta massacre 0,000,04545[478] 9 students and a professor on La Cantuta University were kidnapped and killed by Grupo Colina, an anticommunist paramilitary group.
August 21, 1992 Mount Vlašić, Bosnia and Herzegovina Korićani Cliffs massacre 200+ Bosnian Serb police units led Bosniaks at Trnopolje concentration camp to their deaths.
August 1992 Barimo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Barimo massacre 26 Serbian forces massacre Bosniak civilians.
September 7, 1992 Bisho, Ciskei/South Africa Bisho massacre 0,000,02929 28 African National Congress (ANC) supporters and one soldier were shot dead by the Ciskei Defence Force during a protest march.
October 2, 1992 São Paulo, Brazil Carandiru massacre 0,000,111111 The massacre was triggered by a prisoner revolt within the prison. The police made little if any effort to negotiate with the prisoners before the military police stormed the building, as the prison riot became more difficult for prison guards to control. The resulting casualties were of 111 prisoners killed.
October 15, 1992 Palliyagodella, North Central Province, Sri Lanka Palliyagodella massacre 166-285 Alleged LTTE gunmen massacre Muslim and Sinhalese civilians.
October 22, 1992 Višegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina Sjeverin massacre 16 Serb forces abduct Bosnian citizens from a bus and execute them above a ravine.
October 27, 1992 Central Coast, New South Wales, Australia Central Coast massacre 7 A man with a history of violence attacked his ex-girlfriend, his son, and other family and friends.
November 15, 1992 Medellín, Colombia Villatina massacre 9 Colombian police, who had previously been attacked by youth gangs throughout the city, massacre 8 children in retribution.
December 19, 1992 Jošanica, Foča, Bosnia and Herzegovina Gornja Jošanica massacre 56 Bosnian Army forces attack Serbs, predominantly civilians.
1992 Višegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina Višegrad massacres 1,000-3,000 Serb forces nearly eliminate the town's large population of Bosniaks.
January 8, 1993 Palatine, Illinois, United States Brown's Chicken massacre 0,000,0077 Seven people were murdered at the Brown's Chicken and Pasta in Palatine
January 16, 1993 Skelani, Bosnia and Herzegovina Skelani attack 40-65 Bosnian forces attack Serbian civilians.
January 18, 1993 Duša, Bosnia and Herzegovina Duša killings 7 Croatian paramilitary groups bombed and later captured the Bosniak village.
February 27, 1993 Višegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina Štrpci massacre 19 Serbian forces massacre Bosniaks and one Croat civilian.
1993 Autonomous republic of Abkhazia, Georgia Sukhumi massacre (1993)[479] 0,017,0001,000 civilians killed (Georgian estimate)[480] Incidents of ethnic cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia,[481][482][483][484][485][486][487][488][489][490][491][492] also known as the "massacres of Georgians in Abkhazia"[493][494] and "genocide of Georgians in Abkhazia"[495]—refers to ethnic cleansing,[496] massacres[497] and forced mass expulsion of thousands of ethnic Georgians.
April 16, 1993 Ahmići, Bosnia and Herzegovina Ahmići massacre 117-120 Croatian paramilitary forces massacre Bosniaks.
April 16, 1993 Trusina, Konjic, Bosnia and Herzegovina Trusina massacre 22 Bosnian Army soldiers massacre a village of Croats.
April 17, 1993 Sovići, Bosnia and Herzegovina Sovići and Doljani killings Unknown Croatian army and paramilitary groups massacre an unknown number of Bosniaks.
April 19, 1993 Waco, Texas, United States Massacre at Waco (July 1993)
Davidian Massacre (1995)[498]		 0,000,08282 Seventy-six members of the Branch Davidian church died after a 51-day siege in a fire started either accidentally or by church members after a Federal Bureau of Investigation tank attack upon the main building. Earlier, on February 28, 1993, six others died by gunfire after the original Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms raid.[499]
April 19, 1993 Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina Zenica massacre 16 Croatian forces launch grenades into a populated town, killing 16.
May 10, 1993 Vranica, Bosnia and Herzegovina Vranica case 13 Croat forces massacre Bosnian POWs.
May 24, 1993 Elazığ Province, Turkey Bingöl massacre 35-38 PKK militants raid a Turkish Army base.
June – July 1993 Brazil Yanomami or Haximu massacre 0,000,01616–73[500][501] Garimpeiros (illegal gold miners) killed Yanomami people.
July 2, 1993 Sivas, Turkey Sivas massacre 0,000,03535 35 people (mostly Alevi intellectuals) were killed when a mob of Islamic extremists set fire to the hotel where the group had assembled.[502][503][504]
July 5, 1993 Başbağlar, Erzincan, Turkey Başbağlar massacre 0,000,03333 Several PKK members stormed the village and killed 33 civilians after rounding them up. Also over 200 houses, a clinic, a school and a mosque were burned down.[505][506]
July 9, 1993 Kamani, Georgia Kamani massacre Unknown Abkhaz soldiers take the Georgian city of Kamani, and rape the nuns and women of the town before shooting the priests.
July 25, 1993 Cape Town, South Africa St James Church massacre 0,000,01111 11 People were killed during a church service by Azanian People's Liberation Army (APLA) armed with assault rifles and grenades.
August 10, 1993 Mokronoge, Tomislavgrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina Mokronoge massacre 9 Croatian paramilitary leader massacres the family of his Bosniak brother-in-law.
September 8–9, 1993 Grabovica, Tomislavgrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina Grabovica massacre 33+ Bosnian Army soldiers massacre a village of Croats.
October 23, 1993 Stupni Do, Bosnia and Herzegovina Stupni Do massacre 37 Croatian forces raped the women of a Bosniak village before massacreing the population.
October 25, 1993 Çat, Erzurum, Turkey Yavi Massacre 38 PKK militants open fire on civilians watching the news in a coffee shop.
October 30, 1993 Greysteel, Northern Ireland Greysteel massacre 0,000,0088 Ulster Defence Association (UDA) opened fire in a crowded bar using an AK-47 and automatic pistol. Eight civilians were killed and thirteen wounded.[507][508][509][510][511][512][513][514]
December 22, 1993 Krizancevo selo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Križančevo selo massacre 14+ Bosnian Army soldiers massacre a village of Croats.
February 5, 1994 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina First Markale massacre 68 Srpskan army shells a market in the capital of Bosnia.
February 25, 1994 West Bank Cave of the Patriarchs massacre[515][516]
(Ibrahimi Mosque massacre)[517]		 0,000,02929 Israeli settler Baruch Goldstein opens fire with an assault rifle against Palestinian Muslims, killing 29 and wounding 150 at prayer in the Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron before being subdued and beaten to death by survivors.[518][519]
1994 Algeria Algerian Village massacres of the 1990s 0,010,00010,000[520][521] During the 1990s, many large-scale massacres of villagers in Algeria were perpetrated by groups attacking villages at night and cutting the throats of the inhabitants. The Armed Islamic Group (GIA) has avowed its responsibility for many of them. The massacres peaked in 1997 (with a smaller peak in 1994). According to a few reports former Algerian army officer, Habib Souaidia testified to his government's involvement in the massacres. The differing accounts are not yet reconciled.[520][522][523][524] The academic consensus is that at least the majority of the massacres were carried out by Islamist radicals; however, the government notably failed to intervene in a number of these massacres.[525]
March 28, 1994 Johannesburg, South Africa Shell House massacre 0,000,01919 Security guards of the African National Congress (ANC) fired on 20,000 Inkatha Freedom Party (IFP) marchers.[526][527][528]
April 22, 1994 Gonaïves, Haiti Raboteau massacre 0,000,02323 Military and paramilitary forces loyal to the coup leader Raoul Cédras carried out an incursion in the Raboteau neighborhood, in Gonaïves, after its inhabitants demonstrated in support of the ousted president Jean-Bertrand Aristide. The inhabitants of Raboteau were beaten, arrested and later shot.
June 18, 1994 Loughinisland, Northern Ireland Loughinisland massacre 0,000,0066 Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) opened fire in a crowded bar using assault rifles, killing six civilians and wounding five.[529][530][531][532][533][534][535]
December 27, 1994 Mokokchung, India Mokokchung Massacre 12 The incident took place when forces of the 10 Assam Rifles and the 12 Maratha Light Infantry of the Indian Army raided civilians in Nagaland's Mokokchung. The incident lasted for about 2 hours and left 89 shops, 48 houses, 17 vehicles and 7 two-wheelers razed to ashes, excluding those destroyed by gunfire and shelling. 7 civilians were gunned down, another 5 burned alive including a child, several women raped and more than a dozen gone missing.[536][537]
January 22, 1995 Israel Beit Lid massacre 0,000,02222[538] First suicide attack by Palestinian Islamic Jihad, killing 22 and wounding 69. Carried out by two bombers; the second waited until emergency crews arrived to assist the wounded and dying before detonating his bomb.[539][540][541][542]
March 5, 1995 Kohima, India 1995 Kohima Massacre 7 The incident was sparked off by a tire burst from one of the convoy's own vehicle leading the armed troops to fire at civilians after mistaking the sound of the tyre bursting for a bomb attack.[543][544]
April 7–8, 1995 Samashki, Chechnya, Russia Samashki massacre At least 100 Drunk and high MVD troops burn down and massacre the inhabitants of the village.
April 20, 1995 Atiak, Uganda Atiak massacre 300 LRA rebels capture hundreds of boys and girls to use as sex slaves, and massacre the remaining people. The incident caused Uganda and Sudan (the LRA's primary sponsor) to break off diplomatic relations.
May 1, 1995 Medari, Croatia Medari massacre 22 Croatian forces execute Serb civilians and POWs after Operation Medak Pocket
May 25, 1995 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina Tuzla massacre 71 The Srpskan Army launches an artillery attack against civilians in Tuzla.
May 25, 1995 Kallarawa, Sri Lanka Kallarawa massacre 42 LTTE forces massacre Sinhalese residents.
July 1995 Bosnia and Herzegovina Srebrenica massacre 0,008,3728,372 The Srebrenica massacre involved the genocidal killing, in July 1995, of 8,372 Bosniaks, mainly men and boys, in and around the town of Srebrenica during the Bosnian War.
August 6, 1995 Golubić, Šibenik-Knin CountyCroatia Golubić killings 18-19 Croatian forces massacre elderly Serb civilians.
August 6, 1995 Uzdolje, Knin, Croatia Uzdolje killings 10 Elderly Serb civilians massacred by Croatian forces after Operation Storm
August 8, 1995 Dvor, Croatia Dvor massacre 9 Elderly and disabled Serb civilians massacred by Croatian forces.
August 12, 1995 Komić, Croatia Komić killings 9 Elderly Serb civilians massacred by Croat forces.
August 25, 1995 Grubori, Knin, Croatia Grubori massacre 6 Serbs massacred by the Lučko Anti-Terrorist Unit.
August 27, 1995 Gošić, Croatia Gošić killings 8 Croatian forces execute 8 elderly Serb civilians.
August 28, 1995 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina Second Markale massacre 43 Srpskan Army officials again bomb a market in the Bosnian capital.
August–September 1995 Kijani, Croatia Kijani killings 14 Croatian forces massacre elderly Serb civilians after Operation Storm
September 28, 1995 Varivode, Croatia Varivode massacre 9 Croatian forces massacre elderly Serb civilians even though the war was over.
October 1995 Eastern Province, Sri Lanka October 1995 Eastern Sri Lanka massacres 120 Sinhalese civilians are killed by LTTE militants.
March 13, 1996 Scotland Dunblane massacre 0,000,01717[545] A gunman opened fire in a primary school, killing sixteen children and one teacher before killing himself.[546][547][548]
April 29, 1996 Port Arthur, Tasmania, Australia Port Arthur massacre 0,000,03535[425] The Port Arthur massacre of April 28, 1996, was a killing spree which claimed the lives of 35 people and wounded 21 others mainly at the historic tourist site Port Arthur in south-eastern Tasmania, Australia. It later emerged that the gunman had severe intellectual disability.[549] The massacre remains Australia's deadliest mass killing spree and remains one of the deadliest such incidents worldwide in recent times.[426]
April 18, 1996 Lebanon First Qana massacre[550] 0,000,106106 Israeli artillery struck the Unifil Headquarters in Qana which was providing shelter to approximately two hundred Lebanese civilians. The Israeli military said the strike was in error and that they were not targeting the UN shelter. An amateur film was released showing that, contrary to Israeli assertions, an Israeli drone was spying on the UN compound just before it was shelling.[551] The UN concluded that the attack was intentional. Amnesty International also concluded, "the IDF intentionally attacked the UN compound.[552][553][554][555][556][557]
June 16, 1996 La Gabarra, Colombia La Gabarra massacre 35-43 AUC forces shot alleged FARC guerrillas.
December 17, 1996 Novye Atagi, Chechnya, Russia Novye Atagi Hospital massacre 6 Chechen warlords who wanted to release a captured comrade massacred 6 personnel of the hospital.
February 5, 1997 Ghulja, China Ghulja incident (2006)[558] 0,000,0099 After two days of protests during which the protesters had marched shouting "God is great" and "independence for Xinjiang" the demonstrations were crushed by the People's Liberation Army. Official reports put the death toll at 9 while dissident reports estimated the number killed at more than 100.[559][560][561][562][563][564]
March 21, 1997 Budgam district, Jammu and Kashmir 1997 Sangrampora massacre 7 Unknown gunmen attack Kashmiri Pandits.
June 17, 1997 Ura Vajgurore, Albania Ura Vajgurore massacre 5 Clashes between the Socialist Party of Albania and the Democratic Party of Albania end with 5 police officers killed.
July 15-20, 1997 Mapiripán, Colombia Mapiripán massacre 30+ AUC paramilitaries attack a number of civilians, disemboweling and killing them, before dumping their bodies in a river.
October 22, 1997 Ituango, Antioquia, Colombia El Aro Massacre 0,000,01515 15 individuals accused of being leftist supporters of FARC were massacred by the AUC.
November 17, 1997 Luxor, Egypt Luxor massacre 0,000,06464 Massacre carried out by Egyptian Islamist militants, in which 64 people (including 59 visiting tourists) were killed using automatic weapons and machetes.[565][566][567]
December 1, 1997 Laxmanpur Bathe, Bihar, India Laxmanpur Bathe massacre 0,000,05858 58 Dalits were shot, allegedly by members of the Ranvir Sena in retribution for mass murders perpetrated by Maoists.
December 22, 1997 Acteal, Mexico Acteal massacre 0,000,04545 Massacre carried out by paramilitary forces of 45 people attending a prayer meeting of indigenous townspeople, who were members of the pacifist group Las Abejas ("The Bees"), in the village of Acteal, municipality of Chenalhó, in the Mexican state of Chiapas.[568][569][570]
February 28-March 1, 1998 Likoshan and Qirez, Kosovo Attacks on Likošane and Ćirez (part of the larger Drenica massacres) 25 Combined with the attack at Prekaz, this sparked the Kosovo War by reigniting the need for the Kosovo Liberation Army.
March 7, 1998 Prekaz i Epërm, Kosovo Prekaz massacre 58 Yugoslav army soldiers attack the house of KLA insurgents, sparking the Kosovo War.
April 17, 1998 Prankote and Dakikote, Udhampur, Jammu and Kashmir Prankote massacre 26 Hizbul Mujahideen terrorists behead Hindus in Kashmir.
May 25, 1998 Peja, Kosovo First Ljubenić massacre 8 Serbian forces massacre 8 ethnic Albanian men in the village of Ljubenić.
July 17–22, 1998 Lipjan, Kosovo Klečka killings 22 Albanian militants torture and kill Kosovo Serb civilians.
August 15, 1998 Omagh, Northern Ireland Omagh bombing (November 1998)[571] 0,000,02929 The Omagh bombing was a car bomb attack carried out by the Real Irish Republican Army, a splinter group of former Provisional Irish Republican Army members opposed to the Good Friday Agreement. Twenty-nine people died and approximately 220 people were injured.The attack was described by the BBC as "Northern Ireland's worst single terrorist atrocity".[572][573][574][575][576][577]
September 1998 Radoniq lake, Kosovo Lake Radonjić massacre 34-39 Albanian militants massacre ethnic minorities in the region.
September 26, 1998 Donje Obrinje, Kosovo Gornje Obrinje massacre 21 Serbian police, in response to the killing of 14 policemen by militants in nearby towns, massacre Kosovar Albanians in a forest.
December 14, 1998 Peja, Kosovo Panda Bar massacre 6 Albanian militants attack Serbian youth after other miliants' weapons were confiscated by Serb authorities.
January 15, 1999 Račak, Kosovo Račak massacre 45 Serbian forces massacre Albanian civilians and guerrillas, and refuse to let war crimes investigators near the site.
March 13, 1999 Istanbul, Turkey Blue Market massacre 13 Terrorist attack of Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) resulted in killing of 13 civilians.
March 24–25, 1999 Bellacërkë, Kosovo Bela Crkva massacre 58 Serbian forces fire indiscriminately upon Albanian villagers after NATO forces encroach upon their location. The massacre was the first of many as revenge for the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia, which began that same day.
March 25, 1999 Velika Kruša, Kosovo Krusha massacres 90-109 Serbian forces massacre Albanians in retribution for the NATO bombing of Yugoslavia.
March 26, 1999 Suva Reka, Kosovo Suva Reka massacre 48 Serbian police bomb the town and massacre the Albanians in buildings.
March 28, 1999 Izbica, Kosovo Izbica massacre 93 Serbian police and paramilitary groups massacre nearly 100 mainly elderly Albanian civilians.
April 1, 1999 Peja, Kosovo Second Ljubenić massacre 66 Serbian forces allegedly massacre the men of the village.
April 20, 1999 Littleton, Colorado, United States Columbine High School Massacre (May 1999)[578] 0,000,01515[579] Two teenagers, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold open fire on their classmates on April 20, 1999, at Columbine High School, killing 12 students and a teacher and injuring 21 others before committing suicide in the school's library.
April 27, 1999 Meja, Gjakova, Kosovo Meja massacre 377+ Serbian police and Yugoslav forces massacre hundreds of Albanian men after 6 Serb policemen were shot and killed by the Kosovo Liberation Army.
May 2–3, 1999 Vushtrri, Kosovo Vučitrn massacre 100-120 Serbian police massacre Albanian refugees.
May 14, 1999 Ćuška, Kosovo Ćuška massacre 41 Serbian armed forces who captured the village massacred all Albanian men.
May 19–23 Dubrava Prison, Istok Kosovo Dubrava Prison bombings and executions 98-105 NATO bombed the Serbian run prison, claiming it was a military barracks, and killed around 20 people. Because of this, the Serbian guards lined up 1,000 ethnic Albanians and shot them, killing around 70.
June–October 1999 Gjilan, Kosovo Gnjilane killings 51 KLA forces massacre and torture Serb civilians in the aftermath of the war.
July 23, 1999 Lipjan, Kosovo Staro Gracko massacre 14 KLA forces kill Serbian farmers in the aftermath of the war.
July 1999 Ugljare, Graçanicë, Kosovo Ugljare mass grave 15 Albanian villages discover a mass grave, allegedly committed by KLA forces under Hashim Thaçi.
October 7, 1999 Elistanzhi, Chechen Republic Elistanzhi massacre 34+ Russian forces drop a cluster bomb on the mountainous village of Elistanzhi, although the town had no rebel influence and was undefended.
December 1999 Alkhan-Yurt, Grozny, Chechen Republic Alkhan-Yurt massacre 17-41 Russian soldiers loot and pillage the town.
December 1999-January 2000 Staroprymyslovsky, Grozny, Chechen Republic Staropromyslovsky massacre 38-56 Russian soldiers reportedly went on a killing spree with no motive.
February 5, 2000 Novye Aldi, Grozny, Chechen Republic Novye Aldi massacre 60-82 Russian soldiers loot a suburb of Grozny after capturing it.
July 27, 2000 West Bengal, India Nanoor massacre 0,000,01111 Killing of 11 landless labourers allegedly by activists of Communist Party of India (Marxist), a political party in India, in Suchpur, near Nanoor and under Nanoor police station, in Birbhum district in the Indian state of West Bengal.[580][581][582]
June 1, 2001 Tel Aviv, Israel Dolphinarium discotheque massacre 0,000,02525 A Hamas suicide bomber blows himself up outside a nightclub in Tel Aviv, killing at least 21 teenage girls and 4 adults. The youngest victim was 14 years old, and a majority of the teenage girls were of Russian origin.[583]
June 1, 2001 Kathmandu, Nepal Nepalese royal massacre 0,000,0099 Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal kills 9 members of the Nepalese royal family in a mass shooting.
June 7, 2001 Ikeda, Osaka, Japan Osaka school massacre 0,000,0088 Mamoru Takuma, an ex-convict with a history of mental disturbance and anti-social behavior, entered Ikeda Elementary School and stabbed multiple children and teachers there before being subdued.
December 20, 2001 Buenos Aires, Argentina 2001 Massacre of Plaza de Mayo 0,000,0055 Members of the Argentine Federal Police fired against a group of protesters who were protesting in the Plaza de Mayo. As a result, 5 people were killed and 227 were injured.
February 28, 2002 Ahmedabad, India Gulbarg Society massacre 0,000,06969 During the 2002 Gujarat riots, a mob attacked the Gulbarg Society, a lower middle-class Muslim neighbourhood in Chamanpura, Ahmedabad. Most of the houses were burnt, and at least 35 victims including a former Congress, Member of Parliament, Ehsan Jafri, were burnt alive, while 31 others went missing after the incident, later presumed dead, bringing the total of the dead to 69.[584][585][586]
February 28, 2002 Naroda, India Naroda Patiya massacre 97 Bajrang Dal militants massacre nearly 100 Muslims during the 2002 Gujarat riots.
March 27, 2002 Netanya, Israel Passover massacre 0,000,03030[587] Killing of 30 guests at the Park Hotel in Netanya, Israel, sitting down to the traditional Passover Seder meal. Another 143 were injured. Hamas claimed responsibility.[587][588][589][590][591]
March 2, 2004 Karbala and Baghdad, Iraq Ashoura Massacre 80-100+ JTJ insurgents bomb major cities after the invasion of Iraq.
March 2, 2004 Quetta, Pakistan Quetta Ashura massacre 42 Lashkar-e-Jhangvi militants attack a predominantly Hazara party celebrating Ashura.
May 19, 2004 Iraq Mukaradeeb wedding party massacre 0,000,04242 US military shoots and bombs civilians celebrating a wedding; 42 are killed, including 13 children. US military maintains no such party was taking place at the time of the attack, but two videos, one of the party and the other of the remains taken the next day, refute the US denial.[592][593]
September 1, 2004 Beslan, Russian Federation Beslan school hostage crisis 0,000,334334 Armed Chechen separatists[594] took more than 1,200 people hostage at a school. 334 civilians were killed, including 186 school children, and hundreds wounded.[595][596][597]
March 5, 2005 near Rehoboth, Namibia Kareeboomvloer massacre 0,000,0088 Brothers Sylvester and Gavin Beukes murder the owners' couple of farm Kareeboomvloer and execute all witnesses, including two children.[598] The motive was revenge for a previous theft charge laid by the farm owner.[599]
May 13, 2005 Andijan, Uzbekistan Andijan massacre 0,000,187187–1,500 Uzbek Interior Ministry and National Security Service troops fired into a crowd of protesters.[600][601]
August 4, 2005 Shefa-Amr, Israel Shafram massacre (2005)[602] 0,000,0044 In protest of Ariel Sharon's government evacuation of Gaza colonies, Jewish IDF deserter Eden Natan-Zada travels to Israeli Arab city Shefa-Amr and unloads his gun against residents of a Druze neighborhood.
November 19, 2005 Haditha, Iraq Haditha massacre 0,000,02424 US Marines slaughter 24 unarmed Iraqi civilians, among whom numerous children and the elderly. Although the unit's commander, Staff Sgt Frank Wuterich, claimed his forces came under attack just before the rampage, no weapons were found in the area.
March 12, 2006 Iraq Mahmudiyah massacre[603] 0,000,0066 U.S. soldiers invade Iraqi family residence; kill a father and mother and their three youngest children; rape the eldest child, Abeer Qassim Hamza al-Janabi (14); and kill her.
March 25, 2006 Seattle, Washington, United States Capitol Hill massacre 0,000,0066 28-year-old Kyle Aaron Huff entered a rave afterparty in the southeast part of Seattle's Capitol Hill neighborhood and opened fire, killing six and wounding two, before killing himself.[604]
April 8, 2006 Elgin County, Ontario Shedden massacre 8 Gang members in Ontario massacred rivals and left their bodies in a field.
June 12, 2006 Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir 2006 Kulgam massacre 9 Hizbul Mujahideen militants approached a group of Indian laborers taking a lunch break, asked who was Muslim, and shot those that weren't.
July 30, 2006 Lebanon 2006 Qana airstrike, also known as the second Qana massacre 0,000,02828 Israeli Air Force airstrike on a building in Qana kills 28 civilians, among them 16 children. Israel later said that it had thought the building empty of civilians and was used as a hiding place for Hezbollah operatives
April 16, 2007 Blacksburg, Virginia, United States Virginia Tech massacre 0,000,03232 Gunman Seung-Hui Cho, killed 32 people and wounded many others[605] before committing suicide. The massacre one of the deadliest peacetime shooting incidents by a single gunman in United States history, on or off a school campus.[606]
September 11, 2008 Pando Department, Bolivia Porvenir massacre 12 Department authorities, as part of a right-wing coup plot to overthrow Evo Morales, massacre 12 Indigenous Bolivian protesters.
January 3, 2009 Beit Lahia, Gaza Strip Ibrahim al-Maqadma Mosque missile strike 16 Israeli forces bomb the mosque during evening prayer, with 6 six of the sixteen dying being children.
May 4, 2009 Bilge, Mardin, Turkey Mardin engagement ceremony massacre 44 The Mardin engagement ceremony massacre was a massacre carried out by Mehmet Çelebi,[607] a village guard, at an engagement ceremony, where at least forty-four people were killed on May 4, 2009, in the village of Bilge in Mazıdağı district of south-eastern Mardin Province in Turkey. The attack was perpetrated using grenades and automatic weapons by at least two masked assailants, who authorities believe are involved in a feud between two families.[608] According to some sources it was an internal feud of the Kurdish Çelebi clan.[609][610]
September 28, 2009 Conakry, Guinea September 28 massacre 0,000,157157 Guinean uniformed security forces opened fire on a political rally trapped in the September 28 Stadium.[611]
November 5, 2009 Ft. Hood, Texas, United States 2009 Fort Hood shooting 0,000,01313 Gunman Nidal Hasan, a Major in the U.S. Army, killed 12 soldiers and one civilian, and wounded at least 30 on the base at Ft. Hood. Initial reports indicate Hassan was upset at being deployed to Iraq.[612][613][614][615][616][617]
November 23, 2009 Ampatuan, Maguindanao, Philippines Maguindanao massacre 0,000,05757 A group of 100 armed men, alleged to include police and private militia led by Andal Ampatuan, Jr., stopped a convoy of five cars transporting Genalyn Tiamzon-Mangudadatu, the wife of Esmael Mangudadatu, who is running for provincial governor in the 2010 Philippine elections. She was en route to the town of Shariff Aguak to file a certificate of candidacy for her husband, accompanied by his sisters, other supporters, and members of the press. The attackers kidnapped and later killed all members of the Mangudadatu group; reports state that women in the group were raped before being killed. Five other people not part of the group, in a car behind the convoy, were also kidnapped and killed.[618][619][620][621][622]
January 31, 2010 Villas de Salvarcar, Ciudad Juárez, Mexico Villas de Salvárcar massacre 16 Cartel members massacre 16 teenagers, outraging Ciudad Juarez residents.
May 28, 2010 Lahore, Pakistan 2010 Ahmadiyya mosques massacre 87+ Tehrik-i-Taliban militants bomb two mosques simultaneously, intentionally targeting members of the Ahmadiyya branch of Islam.
June 25, 2010 Juárez, Nuevo León Nuevo León mass graves 70 Bodies found in mass graves across Nuevo León
June 2010 Taxco, Guerrero, Mexico Guerrero mass graves 55+ Cartels massacre civilians.
August 6, 2010 Badakhshan ProvinceAfghanistan 2010 Badakhshan massacre 10 Unknown assailants attack a convoy, and marks the deadliest attack on foreign aid workers during the war.
August 24, 2010 San Fernando, Mexico 2010 San Fernando massacre 0,000,07272 72 undocumented migrants were killed by Los Zetas
March 24–29, 2011 San Fernando, Tamaulipas 2011 San Fernando massacre 193 Gruesome murder by Los Zetas of 193 travelers using barbaric, gladiator style tactics.
June 3, 2011 Piedras Negras, Coahuila, Mexico Coahuila mass graves 38 Mass grave covered up by drug catels
July 22, 2011 Utøya island, Norway Utøya massacre 69 Right-wing terrorist Anders Behring Breivik opened fire at a summer camp held by the Workers' Youth League killing 69 and wounding 200 before surrendering to police.[623] Breivik also killed eight people in a bombing in Oslo in a separate attack hours earlier.[624]
August 18, 2011 Uror County, South Sudan Uror massacre 0,000,640640+ In what was believed to be a revenge operation, members of the Murle tribe attacked members of the Nuer tribe, burning down over 3,400 houses and the hospital ran by Médecins Sans Frontières. An initial estimate showed that 38,000 heads of cattle were stolen and 208 children were kidnapped.[625]
October 5, 2011 Chiang Khong, Chiang Rai, Thailand Mekong River massacre 0,000,01313 Two Chinese cargo ships were attacked on a stretch of the Mekong River in the Golden Triangle area. All 13 crew members were killed and dumped in the river.[626] It is the deadliest assault on Chinese nationals abroad in modern times.[627]
2011 (various times) Durango City, Durango, Mexico 2011 Durango massacres 340 Various mass graves discovered between April 2011 and February 2012.
December 16–17, 2011 Zhanaozen, Kazakhstan Zhanaozen massacre 14+ Kazakh police massacre oil workers protesting for better wages and working conditions.
December 19–20, 2011 Jabal Zawiya, Syria Jabal al-Zawiya massacres 120-269+ Syrian soldiers trying to defect were gunned down by their former comrades.
December 23, 2011 – January 4, 2012 Pibor, South Sudan Pibor massacre 0,000,900900–3,141 Partly as reaction for previous massacres, the Nuer White Army released a statement stating its intention to "wipe out the entire Murle tribe on the face of the earth as the only solution to guarantee long-term security of Nuer's cattle"[628] and massacred members of the Murle people.[629]
February 28, 2012 Kohistan District, Pakistan Kohistan Shia massacre 18 Jundallah militants stop a bus heading to Gilgit, and massacre the Shias in the group.
March 11, 2012 Kandahar, Afghanistan Kandahar massacre 0,000,01717 17 Afghan civilians were killed by U.S. Army Soldier Robert Bales.[630] Some witnesses have indicated more than one person was involved.[631]
April 17-May 4, 2012 Nuevo Laredo, Tamaulipas, Mexico 2012 Nuevo Laredo massacres 39+ Various massacres between the Gulf Cartel and Los Zetas having a turf war
May 12–13, 2012 Cadereyta Jiménez, Nuevo León, Mexico Cadereyta Jiménez massacre 49-68+ Los Zetas murder Mexican civilians, either Gulf Cartel members or US-bound immigrants.
May 25, 2012 Houla, Syria Houla massacre 0,000,108108 Approximately 108 people were killed with knives in the Syrian town of Houla. Approximately 25 men, 49 children and 34 women were among the victims.[632]
June 6, 2012 Al-Qubeir, Syria Al-Qubeir massacre 55-78 Civilians in the town were massacred by Shabiha militant groups.
August 24–25, 2012 Darayya, Syria Darayya massacre 400-500 Syrian Army and Shabiha soldiers take over the town, and ransack houses and kill civilians.
August 2012 Mansehra District, Pakistan Mansehra Shia massacre 25 Shia Muslims on their way to Gilgit were stopped by Tehrik-i-Taliban members, and shot once the Shiites showed their ID cards.
December 11, 2012 Aqrab, Syria Aqrab massacre 125-300 Soldiers (unclear who) massacre the town's Alawite population.
December 14, 2012 Talbiseh, Syria Talbiseh bakery massacre 14 Civilians waiting in line for bread at a bakery were bombed by the Syrian Army.
December 23, 2012 Halfaya, Syria Halfaya massacre 23-300 Civilians were killed by airstrikes while trying to queue in line for bread at a bakery.
April 16–17, 2013 Baga, Borno, Nigeria First Baga massacre 37-228+ Nigerian military forces massacre hundreds of civilians and burn down the town during an operation against Boko Haram.
May 2–3, 2013 Al-Bayda and Baniyas, Syria Bayda and Baniyas massacres 51-250 (Bayda), 77-200 (Baniyas), 450 (total) Refugees trying to flee the towns were shot at by Syrian Army soldiers in retribution for an attack by rebels that had happened a few days prior.
June 11, 2013 Hatla, Syria Hatla massacre 30-60 Syrian opposition and Al-Nusra Front rebels massacre Shiite civilians.
June 22, 2013 Nanga Parbat, Kashmir 2013 Nanga Parbat massacre 11 Tehrik-i-Taliban militants attack a mountaineering group in revenge for American drone strikes.
July 22, 2013 Khan al-Asal, Syria Khan al-Assal massacre 51-123 Al-Nusra Front and 19th Division soldiers kill government POWs.
August 14, 2013 Cairo, Egypt Rabaa massacre 0,000,600600–800+ Egyptian security forces and army raided two camps of protesters in Cairo: one at al-Nahda Square and a larger one at Rabaa al-Adawiya Square. The two sites had been occupied by supporters of ousted President Mohamed Morsi. Reports of fatalities range from 600 to more than 800 civilians, while at least 3,994 were injured.
December 11–12, 2013 Adra, Syria Adra massacre 32-100 Syrian non-Muslim minorities are shot by Al-Nusra Front.
December 2013 Juba, South Sudan Gudele massacre 0,000,240240 During the breakout of the South Sudanese Civil War, Dinka SPLA soldiers rounded up and killed Nuer men from Nuer suburbs in the capital, Juba.[633]
January 26, 2014 Kawuri, Maiduguri, Nigeria Kawuri massacre 85 Boko Haram militants attack a town with bombs and guns.
February 9, 2014 Ma'an, Syria Maan massacre 21-62 Alawite civilians are massacred by Jund al-Aqsa jihadists.
April 15, 2014 Bentiu, South Sudan 2014 Bentiu massacre 0,000,400400+ During the South Sudanese Civil War, rebels massacred mostly non-Nuer civilians after taking control of Bentiu.[634]
June 10, 2014 Badush, Iraq Badush prison massacre 670 ISIS militants raid a prison, and massacre all the Shia prisoners.
August 2014 Sinjar District, Nineveh Governorate, Iraq Sinjar massacre 0,002,0002,000–5,000 An ISIS massacre of Yazidi men.
December 16, 2014 Peshawar, Pakistan 2014 Peshawar school massacre 0,000,148148 Seven gunmen affiliated with the Tehrik-i-Taliban (TTP) attacked the Army Public School, killing more than 150 people, including 134 schoolchildren, ranging between eight and eighteen years of age.
January 3–7, 2015 Baga, Borno, Nigeria Second Baga massacre 150-2,000 Boko Haram militants capture the town, and massacre any remaining residents.
June 17, 2015 Charleston, SC, United States Charleston church shooting (Charleston church massacre)[635][636][637] 0,000,0099 A mass shooting perpetrated by Dylann Roof, a 21-year-old white supremacist, opened fire at the Emanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church, killing 9.[638]
June 25–29, 2015 Kobanî, Syria Kobanî massacre 233 ISIS massacres Kurdish people in the city during its attempted takeover.
June 30-July 1, 2015 Kukawa, Nigeria 30 June and 1 July 2015 Borno massacres 145 Boko Haram militants shoot up a mosque they deemed too moderate, and then entered houses and shot their inhabitants.
November 13, 2015 Paris, France Bataclan massacre (2016)[639] 0,000,130130 November 2015 Paris attacks. The single deadliest terrorist attack in French history. Multiple shooting and grenade attacks occurred on a Friday night; among the locations targeted were a music venue, sports stadium and several bar and restaurant terraces. 90 persons were killed during a siege at an Eagles of Death Metal concert inside the Bataclan. French president François Hollande evacuated from a football match between France and Germany at the Stade de France, slated venue for the UEFA Euro 2016 Final, after three separate suicide bombings over the course of about 40 minutes. ISIS claimed responsibility for the attacks and President Hollande named the Paris attacks an "act of war".[640]
June 12, 2016 Orlando, Florida, United States Orlando massacre 0,000,04949 A mass shooting perpetrated by Omar Mateen, a 29-year-old U.S. citizen, opened fire in the Pulse Nightclub, a gay nightclub, killing 49, and injuring 50+. ISIS claimed responsibility for the attacks. It was the worst shooting massacre by a lone perpetrator in modern U.S. history, until the 2017 Las Vegas shooting.[641]
July 19, 2016 Tokhar, Manbij, Syria Tokhar massacre 84-240 American airstrike hits the village of Tokhar, which was housing refugees recently displaced by the war. A strike the next day hits the town of Ghandoura, killing 28.
August 25, 2017 Kha Maung Seik, MaungdawMyanmar Kha Maung Seik massacre 99 Bengali Hindus are massacred by unknown Muslim insurgents.
September 2, 2017 Inn Din, Rakhine State, Myanmar Inn Din massacre 0,000,01010 Mass execution of Rohingyas by the Myanmar Army and armed Rakhine locals in the village of Inn Din, in Rakhine State, Myanmar.
October 20, 2018 Sagay, Negros Occidental, Philippines Sagay massacre 9 Alleged communists, who were actually members of a sugar-producing union, were massacred.
December 1, 2018 Nduga Regency, Papua, Indonesia Nduga massacre 19 Papuan separatists attacked a construction camp and took 25 construction workers hostage. The separatists took their captives to a nearby hill and proceeded to shoot them, killing 19 of them. The West Papua Liberation Army, the military arm of the West Papua Liberation Organization, claimed responsibility for the attack, but claimed that the workers were in reality Indonesian soldiers disguised as civilians.
February 10–11, 2019 Kaduna State, Nigeria Kaduna State massacre 141 Hundreds of Fula died in clashes between Adara and Fulani herdsmen. A subsequent attack by Fula on Adara herdsmen left 11 Adara dead.
March 15, 2019 Christchurch, Canterbury Region, New Zealand Christchurch mosque massacre 0,000,05151 Australian white supremacist Brenton Harrison Tarrant went to the Al Noor Mosque and the Linwood Islamic Centre, shooting at the people who were present, while broadcasting the entire event live on Facebook.
March 23, 2019 Ogossagou and Welingara, Mopti, Mali Ogossagou massacre 160 Dogon soldiers massacred Fulani herdsmen during a crackdown on Islamic hardliners in the Mali War. The massacre led to the resignation of Prime Minister Soumeylou Boubèye Maïga.
April 18, 2019 Makran, Balochistan, Pakistan 2019 Makran massacre 14 Baloch gunmen massacred passengers on buses heading through the Balochistan region.
May 26, 2019 North Waziristan, Pakistan Kharqamar incident (Khar Qamar massacre)[642] 13–17[643][642] The Pakistani Army shot into a Pashtun protest gathering, killing more than 13 protesters and injuring over 25 others.[642]
June 3, 2019 Khartoum, Sudan Khartoum massacre 128+ During mass protests, the Sudanese Armed Forces massacred protestors in the street. The incident led to the collapse of the Omar al-Bashir regime.
June 10, 2019 Northern Mali Sobane Da massacre 76[644][645] The Dogon village of Sobane-Kou in Mali was attacked by a suspected Fulani militia group.[646]
August 3, 2019 El Paso, Texas, United States El Paso massacre 0,000,02323 White supremacist Patrick Wood Crusius commits a mass shooting at a Walmart that kills 23, mostly Hispanics.
October 29, 2019 Kulgam, Jammu and Kashmir Kulgam massacre 7 Hizbul Mujahideen kill Bengali workers in the region.
November 15, 2019 Sacaba Municipality, Bolivia Sacaba massacre 10 After Jeanine Áñez staged a coup against Evo Morales in late 2019, massive protests occurred and consequently the new government cracked down on them, opening fire on the crowds.
November 19, 2019 Senkata, El Alto, Bolivia Senkata massacre 11 Four days after a previous massacre by Bolivian forces, indigenous protestors were shot when trying to blockade a gas facility.
November 20, 2019 Qah, Syria Qah missile strike 15 Six children were killed by a Syrian Armed Forces air strike on the Qah refugee camp on the Syrian-Turkish border.
February 14, 2020 Ngarbuh, Cameroon Ngarbuh massacre 22+ On 14 February 2020 during the Anglophone Crisis, and resulted in the murder of 21 civilians, including 13 children,[647] by Cameroonian soldiers and armed Fulani militia.
April 18, 2020 Katsina State, Nigeria Katsina attacks 47 Bandits attacked the towns of Danmusa, Dutsemna, and Safana, demanding relief materials given to the villagers by the government because of the COVID-19 pandemic.
October 20, 2020 Lekki, Lagos, Nigeria Lekki massacre 0,000,01212 The Nigerian Army shoot at End SARS protesters at the Lekki toll gate in Lagos, killing 12 people.
November 9–10, 2020 Mai Kadra, Ethiopia Mai Kadra massacre 600–1,100 The killings took place amidst an armed conflict between the TPLF-led regional government and the government of Ethiopia.
November 27–28, 2020 Wukro, Ethiopia November 2020 Wukro massacre 220 Ethiopian (ENDF) and Eritrans soldiers killed civilians in Wukro (Eastern Tigray).
November 28, 2020 Koshebe, Borno State, Nigeria Koshebe massacre 110 Alleged Boko Haram militants massacre workers from Sokoto State who had travelled to find good farmland.
November 28–29, 2020 Aksum, Ethiopia Aksum massacre 100–800 Eritrean soldiers attacked the city of Aksum after they were attacked by local militia loyal to the TPLF.
November 29, 2020 Hitsats refugee camp, Ethiopia Hitsats massacre 300 The civilians killed were Eritrean refugees.
December 4–7, 2020 Tigray Region, Ethiopia Ziban Gedena massacre 150–300 The Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) killed civilians in Ziban Gedena (NW Tigray).
January 8, 2021 La Vega, Caracas, Venezuela La Vega massacre 0,000,02323 Members of the Venezuelan National Police (PNB), the Special Armed Forces (FAES) and the Venezuelan National Guard seized control of the parish, killing a number of people in the neighborhood.
January 22, 2021 Camargo, Mexico Camargo massacre 11 On January 22, 2021, 19 corpses were found in a truck in Camargo Municipality, which is in the Mexican state Tamaulipas and borders Texas in the United States. The authorities discovered two vehicles which were on fire.
February 24–25, 2021 Kaduna and Katsina, Nigeria Kaduna and Katsina attacks 36-97 Unknown gunmen massacre civilians in northern Nigeria.
May 16, 2021 Gaza, Palestine Wehda Street airstrikes, known among Palestinians as the "Al-Wehda massacre".[648][649] 44 Israeli forces with the stated target of underground military infrastructure bombed al-Wehda Street, a densely populated area located in one of Gaza's most prominent residential and commercial neighborhoods.
June 4, 2021 Solhan and Tadaryat, Burkina Faso Solhan and Tadaryat massacres 174 Unknown insurgents attacked the villages of Solhan and Tadaryat, marking one of the deadliest massacres in the insurgency in Burkina Faso.
July 30, 2021 Meram, Turkey Konya massacre 7 Seven family members were shot.[650][651]
August 14, 2021 Karachi, Pakistan 2021 Karachi massacre 14 An unidentified assailant threw a grenade into a family from Khwazakhela.
August 31, 2021–September 4, 2021 Amhara Region, Ethiopia Chenna massacre 120-200 Amhara regional authorities reported that the TDF killed civilians in and around the village of Chenna Teklehaymanot.
September 9, 2021 Kobo, Ethiopia Kobo massacre 600 TDF fighters killed 600 civilians in Kobo in the Amhara Region.
December 3, 2021 Mopti, Mali Mopti bus massacre 31 Unidentified gunmen massacred everyone on board a bus, and destroyed the bus.
December 4, 2021 Mon District, India Oting Massacre 16 Six were initially killed. Another 8 were killed in the ensuing violence.[652]
December 24, 2021 Mo So, Kayah State, Myanmar Mo So massacre 44 Mo so massacre occurred in the afternoon of December 28, 2021, in Hpruso Township, located in Myanmar's Kayah State. Over 40 people were killed and burned beyond recognition without exception in their vehicles by Myanmar Army troops. The troops first engaged in a fight with the Karenni Border Guard Force which resulted in the deaths of 4 Karenni Border Guard Force soldiers, then ransacked the victims and their belongings. The next morning, individuals from the People's Defence Force (KNDF) saw the victims burned in their vehicles and properties. Two Save the Children staff went missing during the incident and were later confirmed dead.[653] On December 27, the KNDF reported that 13 locals were unaccounted for during the massacre, including eight employees of a gasoline station. However, it was reported by the state news that they first shot the soldiers before they were killed.
January 4–6, 2022 Zamfara State, Nigeria 2022 Zamfara massacres 200+ Gunmen on bikes attacked various towns in Zamfara State, displacing populations.[654]
January 21, 2022 al-Azim, Diyala Governorate, Iraq 2022 Diyala massacre 11 Islamic State militants raid a rural Iraqi Army base, killing 11 soldiers in their sleep.
February 2, 2022 Djugu, DRC Plaine Savo massacre 60 Suspected CODECO militants stab refugees at a camp.
March 9, 2022 Mariupol, Ukraine Mariupol hospital airstrike 4 + 1 stillbirth Russian forces bomb a maternity hospital in Mariupol.[655]
March 27, 2022 Las Tinajas, Michoacán, Mexico Las Tinajas Massacre 19 Gunmen attack a cockfighting den and shoot 16 men and 3 women.
March–April 1, 2022 Bucha, Kyiv Oblast, Ukraine Bucha massacre 320+ Russian troops in control of Bucha during the war indiscriminately massacre civilians throughout the town.
April 8, 2022 Kramatorsk, Ukraine Kramatorsk railway station attack 57 A bomb allegedly shot by Russian forces hit the Kramatorsk railway station, where refugees were staying before being boarded to safer areas of Ukraine.[656]

See also

References
  1. Mikaberidze 2013
  2. Oxford English Dictionary Massacre, n.
  3. "Marlowe (c. 1600) (title) The massacre at Paris". Oxford English Dictionary Massacre, n.
  4. Oxford English Dictionary Massacre, v.
  5. Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian. Vol. 5. 「趙師大敗，卒四十萬人皆降。武安君曰：『秦已拔上黨，上黨民不樂為秦而歸趙。趙卒反覆，非盡殺之，恐為亂。』乃挾詐而盡坑殺之，遺其小者二百四十人歸趙。」
  6. Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian. Vol. 9. 「於是楚軍夜擊坑秦卒二十餘萬人新安城南。」
  7. "; innocent and guilty were slain alike in what has been called the "Asiatic Vespers." The number who died in the massacre is usually given as 80,000." Finley Hooper, Roman realities (1979), p. 199.
  8. Morgan, Williams (1880). Saint Paul in Britain Or, The Origin Of British As Opposed To Papal Christianity by Rev. R. W. Morgan. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  9. John, Benjamin (February 2003). Pillar in the Wilderness by Benjamin John. ISBN 9780766139275. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  10. Sima, Guang (1084). Zizhi Tongjian. Vol. 60. 「秋，操引兵擊謙，攻拔十餘城，至彭城，大戰，謙兵敗，走保郯。初，京、雒遭董卓之亂，民流移東出，多依徐土，遇操至，坑殺男女數十萬口於泗水，水為不流。」
  11. Thomas Flloyd, Bibliotheca Biographica (1760) s.v. "Abmrose".
  12. Norwich, John Julius (1989). Byzantium: The Early Centuries. New York: Knopf. p. 112. ISBN 0-394-53778-5. OCLC 18164817., "and 7,000 were dead by morning" (Page 139)
  13. Gibbon, Edward; Low, D. M. (1960). The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. New York: Harcourt Brace. pp. ch. 27 2:56. OCLC 402038.
  14. Kenneth Cragg, The Call of the Minaret (1956), p. 79. Muir, William (2003), The life of Mahomet, Kessinger Publishing, p. 317, ISBN 9780766177413
  15. Ibn Ishaq, A. Guillaume (translator) (2002), The Life of Muhammad (Sirat Rasul Allah), Oxford University Press, pp. 461–464, ISBN 978-0-19-636033-1{{citation}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  16. Peters, Muhammad and the Origins of Islam, p. 222-224.
  17. Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 137–141.
  18. Mubarakpuri, The Sealed Nectar, pp. 201–205. (online)
  19. Ibn Kathir, Saed Abdul-Rahman (2009), Tafsir Ibn Kathir Juz'21, MSA Publication Limited, p. 213, ISBN 9781861796110(online Archived March 5, 2015, at the Wayback Machine)
  20. Inamdar, Subhash C. (2001), Muhammad and the Rise of Islam: The Creation of Group Identity, Psychosocial Press, p. 166 (footnotes), ISBN 1887841288
  21. Al Tabari, Michael Fishbein (translator) (1997), Volume 8, Victory of Islam, State University of New York Press, pp. 35–36, ISBN 9780791431504 {{citation}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  22. Stillman, The Jews of Arab Lands: A History and Source Book, pp. 14-16.
  23. Encyclopedia of Islam, section on "Muhammad"
  24. Watt, Encyclopaedia of Islam, Section on "Kurayza, Banu".
  25. Muhammad: Husayn Haykal, The Life of Muhammad, pp. 313–314.
  26. Sunan Abu Dawood, 14:2665
  27. Sahih al-Bukhari, 4:52:280
  28. William Cooke Taylor, History of France and Normandy (1830)
  29. Barbero, Alessandro (2004). Charlemagne: Father of a Continent, pages 46–47. University of California Press.
  30. Robert Furley, A History of the Weald of Kent (1871).
  31. Williams, Ann (2003). Æthelred the Unready: The Ill-Counselled King. London: Hambledon and London. p. 54. ISBN 978-1-85285-382-2. OCLC 51780838. "It is usually assumed that this story relates to the St Brice's Day massacre ..." p. 55
  32. Hall, Simon (1998). The Hutchinson Illustrated Encyclopedia of British History. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. p. 297. ISBN 1-57958-107-2. "1002 St Brice's Day massacre; Danes in England were killed on order of King Ethelred." p. 340
  33. "Saint Brices Day massacre" Archived May 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved December 26. 2007.
  34. called "massacre of the Jews of Granada" by Archibald Sayce in Ancient empires of the East (1906), p. 417.
  35. Gubbay, Lucien (1999). Sunlight and Shadow: The Jewish Experience of Islam. New York: Other Press. p. 80. ISBN 1-892746-69-7. "It should be noted though that the Granada massacre of 1066 was the first instance of persecution of Jews in Muslim Spain, which had enjoyed an almost unblemished record of tolerance for the preceding 350 years." (Page 80)
  36. Roth, Norman (1994). Jews, Visigoths, and Muslims in Medieval Spain: Cooperation and Conflict. Netherlands: E. J. Brill. p. 110. ISBN 90-04-09971-9. "Assuming that he was at least ten years old, however, it is again surprising that no more personal recollection of the Granada massacre is found in his writing..." (Page 110)
  37. Gottheil, Richard; Kayserling, Meyer. "Granada". Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. G (1906 ed.). "More than 1,500 Jewish families, numbering 4,000 persons, fell in one day, Ṭebet 9 (December 30), 1066."
  38. Daud, Abraham Ibd (2007). Halsall, Paul (ed.). "On Samuel Ha-Nagid, Vizier of Granada, 993-d after 1056". Medieval Sourcebook. Fordham University. Retrieved July 9, 2011. He was proud to his own hurt, and the Berber princes were jealous of him, with the result that on the Sabbath, on the 9th of Tebet in the year 4827 (Saturday, December 30, 1066), he and the Community of Granada were murdered.
  39. According to David Nirenberg,Communities of Violence: Persecution of Minorities in the Middle Ages – Updated Edition, Princeton University Press (2017), p. 7, the events of 1096 in the Rhineland occupy a significant place in modern Jewish historiography and are often presented as the first instance of an antisemitism that would henceforth never be forgotten and whose climax was the Holocaust.
  40. Edward H. Flannery, The Anguish of the Jews: Twenty-Three Centuries of Antisemitism. Paulist Press, 1985: 93.
  41. Benjamin Kedar, "The Jerusalem Massacre of July 1099 in the Western Historiography of the Crusades", Crusades 3 (2004): 15–75.
  42. Hofreiter, Christian (2018). "The Jerusalem Massacre 1099". Making Sense of Old Testament Genocide: Christian Interpretations of Herem Passages. Oxford Theology and Religion Monographs. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 170. ISBN 9780192539007. Retrieved April 21, 2019. When in July 1099 the crusaders finally reached the goal of their long, perilous, and arduous campaign, they acted in ways that resonated with elements of one of the Bible's best known herem narratives: just as [...] the Israelites had done at Jericho, so the crusaders killed a large proportion of the city's inhabitants, including women and children.
  43. Gibbon, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire uses "Massacre of the Latins" in the general index (vol. 12) and "their massacre" in the margin notes while the text has (vol. 11, p. 11) "the Latins were slaughtered in their houses and in the streets".
  44. "Massacre of the French in Sicily" is used in the English translation of Johannes Sleidanus, De quattuor monarchiis (1556) published as De Quatuor Summis Imperiis: An Historical Account of the Four Chief Monarchies Or Empires of the World, Nathaniel Rolls, 1695 (p. 186). The name is also in modern use, often glossing the conventional name "Sicilian Vespers", e.g. in Henry Smith Williams, Italy (1908), p. 665. The term "Sicilian Vespers" was also used of a supposed massacre perpetrated by the Sicilian mafia in 1930/1 described by Joseph Valachi in 1963.
  45. Prehistoric event reconstructed from excavations in 1978, named "Crow Creek Massacre" in Early Man vols. 1–3 (1978), p. 285. Beck, Lane A. (1995). Regional Approaches to Mortuary Analysis. New York: Plenum Press. p. 231. ISBN 0-306-44931-5.
  46. Strutin, Michal (1999). A Guide to Contemporary Plains Indians. Tucson, Arizona: Southwest Parks and Monuments Association. p. 37. ISBN 1-877856-80-0.
  47. "The Crow Creek Massacre" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine www.nebraskastudies.org
  48. "Crow Creek Massacre" Archived July 18, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, University of South Dakota
  49. Usually called "Stockholm bloodbath" (natively Stockholms blodbad), the event is also known as "Stockholm massacre" in English, so called in the English translation of Erik Gustaf Geijer's Svenska folkets historia (1832–36), published in 1845 as The History of the Swedes (p. 102).
  50. Lauritz Weibull. "Nordisk historia. Forskningar och undersökningar. Del III. Från Erik den helige till Karl XII", Stockholm 1949, p. 160–163
  51. González, Justo K., The Story of Christianity: Volume Two – The Reformation to the Present Day, HarperCollins Publishers, 1984, p. 92, ISBN 0-06-063316-6
  52. Gjerset, Knut, History of the Norwegian People, Volume 2 MacMillan Co., 1915, pp. 111–114, ISBN 978-0-404-02818-3
  53. Riis, Jacob A., Hero Tales of the Far North, Project Gutenberg, 2004
  54. Change and Development in the Middle East: essays in honour of W.B. Fisher, John Innes Clarke, Howard Bowen-Jones, 1981, p.290
  55. The Heritage of Armenian Literature, A. J. (Agop Jack) Hacikyan, Nourhan Ouzounian, Gabriel Basmajian, Edward S. Franchuk, 2000, p.777
  56. "Turkey" by Edward Shepherd Creasy, Page 195
  57. "Eric Solsten, ed. Cyprus: A Country Study. Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1991". Countrystudies.us. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  58. Notable for the historically first use of "massacre" in the name of an event, by Marlowe (c. 1600); the name used by Marlowe was "The massacre at Paris". The now-current name of "Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day" dates to the first half of the 19th century (Francis Alexander Durivage, A Popular Cyclopedia of History, 1835), translating French massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy which term had been in use since the 17th century (Louis Maimbourg, Histoire De La Ligue, 1686). Appositional "St. Bartholomew's Day massacre" (rather than genitival "Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day") first appears in American English in the first half of the 20th century (Oberlin Alumni Magazine 31.4, 1935, p. 102).
  59. "Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre", Columbia Encyclopedia
  60. Staff, Massacre of Saint Bartholomews Day (French history) Archived May 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved December 23, 2007.
  61. Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre, Catholic Encyclopedia
  62. "the wanton massacre of Smerwick" 'The Monthly Repertory of English Literature, Parsons Galignani, 1824, p. 75. "Massacre at Smerwick" recorded 1899; appositional "Smerwick massacre" in T. J. Barrington, Discovering Kerry: Its History, Heritage & Topography (1976), p. 76.
  63. Massacre of Smerwick article, The Encyclopedia of Irealand, p. 998, Gill & Macmillan, 2003
  64. Clodfelter, Micheal (May 9, 2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015. p. 61. ISBN 9780786474707.
  65. Janell Broyles, A Timeline of the Jamestown Colony, p. 22, The Rosen Publishing Group, 2004
  66. Alfred Abioseh Jarrett, The Impact of Macro Social Systems on Ethnic Minorities in the United States, Page 29, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000
  67. Blussé, Leonard (2000). "The Cave of the Black Spirits". In Blundell, David (ed.). Austronesian Taiwan. California: University of California. ISBN 0-936127-09-0.
  68. Herbert Milton Sylvester, Indian Wars of New England vol. 1 (1910), p. 426.
  69. " the Chinese massacre of 1639" Political Participation in Modern Indonesia, Yale University Southeast Asia Studies, 1961, p. 50.
  70. Bowcott, Owen. "Witness statements from Irish rebellion and massacres of 1641 go online". The Guardian.
  71. "BBC – History – Wars and Conflicts – Plantation of Ulster – English and Scottish Planters – 1641 Rebellion".
  72. The Story Of Ireland By Emily Lawless, XXXVII p146
  73. Beresford Ellis, 'Eyewitness to Irish History', John Wiley & Sons, February 9, 2007, p108
  74. "Bolton history". Bolton.org.uk. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  75. Lonely Planet
  76. John Tincey, Marston Moor 1644: The Beginning Of The End: Osprey Publishing (March 11, 2003) ISBN 1-84176-334-9 p 33 "the 'massacre at Bolton' became a staple of Parliamentarian propaganda"
  77. Ebrey, Patrician Buckley (1993). Chinese Civilization: a sourcebook. Simon and Schuster. ISBN 0-02-908752-X. Retrieved April 16, 2013 – via Books.google.com.
  78. Lee, Khoon Choy (2005). Pioneers of Modern China. World Scientific. ISBN 981-256-618-X. Retrieved April 16, 2013 – via Books.google.com.
  79. Parsons, James B. (May 1957). "The Culmination of a Chinese Peasant Rebellion: Chang Hsien-chung in Szechwan, 1644-46". The Journal of Asian Studies. Association for Asian Studies. 16 (3): 387–400. doi:10.2307/2941233. JSTOR 2941233.
  80. Oxford English Dictionary Cites "a1715 BP. G. BURNET Hist. Own Time (1734) II. 156 The Massacre in Glencoe, made still a great noise." and "1957 'H. MACDIARMID' Battle Continues 1 Franco has made no more horrible shambles Than this poem of Campbell's, The foulest outrage his breed has to show Since the massacre of Glencoe!"
  81. Glencoe, engraved by W. Miller after J.M.W. Turner, Edinburgh University library
  82. Kaitasuo, Pia (August 15, 2015). "Pietari Suuren synkkä tuhon kylvö". Kaleva (in Finnish). No. 221. Oulu: Kaleva Oy. pp. 34–35. ISSN 0356-1356.
  83. Tan, Mely G. (2005). "Ethnic Chinese in Indonesia". In Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R. & Skoggard, Ian (eds.). Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World. New York: Springer Science+Business Media. pp. 795–807. ISBN 978-0-387-29904-4.
  84. "The Penn's Creek Massacre of 1755". Archived from the original on December 10, 2013. Retrieved March 24, 2016.
  85. The event was almost immediately termed a "massacre" and used for propagandistic purposes, especially by Samuel Adams. A pamphlet with the title A short narrative of the horrid massacre in Boston, perpetrated in the evening of the fifth day of March 1770, by soldiers of the 29th regiment, which with the 14th regiment were then quartered there; with some observations on the state of things prior to that catastrophe was printed still in 1770. Appositional "Boston massacre" was in use by the early 1800s (Benjamin Austin, Constitutional Republicanism, in Opposition to Fallacious Federalism, 1803, p. 314). The term "Massacre Day" for the annual remembrance held during 1771–1783 dates to the late 19th century (Augusta De Grasse Stevens, Old Boston: An American Historical Romance, 1888, p. 126) The 1772 "Massacre Day of Oration" by Joseph Warren was originally titled An Oration Delivered March 5, 1772. At the Request of the Inhabitants of the Town of Boston; to Commemorate the Bloody Tragedy of the Fifth of March 1770.
  86. Zobel, The Boston Massacre, W.W.Norton and Co.(1970), 199–200.
  87. "Boston Massacre – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". Britannica.com. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  88. "Boston Massacre". Americaslibrary.gov. Archived from the original on October 7, 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  89. Kenn Harper A Day in Arctic History: July 17, 1771 — Slaughter at Bloody Falls Archived May 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Nunatsiaq News, July 29, 2005
  90. Robin McGrath. Samuel Hearne And The Inuit Oral Tradition, University of New Brunswick, libraries. Retrieved December 23, 2007.
  91. Samuel Hearne and David Thompson, trekking in the footsteps Archived January 12, 2009, at the Wayback Machine, (From: Manitoba History Society June 1, 2005, Binning, Alexander)
  92. Bloody Falls Archived June 8, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, The Canadian Encyclopedia
  93. Wright, Kevin W. "OVERKILL: Revolutionary War Reminiscences of River Vale". Bergen County Historical Society. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
  94. "Buford's Massacre". Rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  95. "rsar.org" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on December 17, 2008.
  96. Moore, Rogan H. (2009). The Bloodstained Field: A History of the Sugarloaf Massacre, September 11, 1780.
  97. The Zong case at understandingslavery.com
  98. "Gnadenhutten Massacre". Ohio History Central. Retrieved June 5, 2009.
  99. "Gnadenhutten Massacre (United States history)". Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  100. "Historywiz.com". Historywiz.com. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  101. David Andress, The Terror: The Merciless War for Freedom in Revolutionary France, Chapter 4, Macmillan, 2006
  102. Dwyer, Phillip & McPhee, Peter (2002). The French Revolution and Napoleon: A Sourcebook. Routledge. p. 66. ISBN 978-0-415-19907-0.
  103. "New plaque for massacre memorial", BBC, August 17, 2007. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
  104. "The Madulla massacre by the British (9th of Dec. 1817)". WWW Virtual Library Sri Lanka. Retrieved October 23, 2013.
  105. "A Moral Audit of the British Empire". Brendon, Piers. History Today.
  106. "Sumanawathie's success brings lustre back to Uva Wellassa", Ceylon Daily News, October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  107. Sri Lanka is to revoke British Governor's infamous Gazette Notification Archived January 2, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Asian Tribune, Sat, March 12, 2011. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  108. Müller, J. B. (November 6, 2010). "Anglophiles, Eurocentric arrogance and Reality". The Island.
  109. Keerthisinghe, Lakshman I. (2013). "The British duplicity in protecting human rights in Sri Lanka". Daily Mirror. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013. Retrieved October 21, 2013.
  110. William St. Clair, That Greece Might Still Be Free The Philhellenes in the War of Independence, Oxford University Press, London, 1972 p.43 ISBN 0-19-215194-0
  111. National Centre for History Education Archived January 12, 2016, at the Wayback Machine (Australia)
  112. "Frontier Conflict: The Australian Experience", Bruce Elder, Sydney Morning Herald, March 29, 2003
  113. "Myall Creek Massacre" Archived August 28, 2010, at the Wayback Machine, Parliament of New South Wales Hansard, June 8, 2000
  114. Christopher Long, "KILLOUGH MASSACRE," Handbook of Texas Online <https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/btk01>, accessed February 25, 2015. Uploaded on June 15, 2010. Published by the Texas State Historical Association.
  115. FAQ Archived April 28, 2008, at the Wayback Machine "What was the Haun's Mill Massacre?" – Brigham Young University website (abstracted from "Haun's Mill Massacre", in Encyclopedia of Mormonism, ed. Daniel H. Ludlow, New York: Macmillan, 1992)
  116. Historical Record, Jenson, Vol. 7 & 8, p 671.
  117. History of the Church, Vol. III, pp 182–186.
  118. Gardner, P.D. (2001), Gippsland massacres: the destruction of the Kurnai tribes, 1800–1860, Ngarak Press, Essay, Victoria ISBN 1-875254-31-5
  119. "Afghan and Northwest Border Wars 1834 to 1897". Archived from the original on July 19, 2014.
  120. "Summary: the First Anglo-Afghan War, 1838–42". Archived from the original on May 9, 2008.
  121. Blog Post (October 9, 2007). "Massacre of Elphinstone's army". Iqballatif.newsvine.com. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  122. Carleton, James Henry (1902). Special Report on the Mountain Meadows Massacre. Washington: Government Printing Office. p. 126.
  123. Thompson, Jacob (1860). Message of the President of the United States: communicating, in compliance with a resolution of the Senate, information in relation to the massacre at Mountain Meadows, and other massacres in Utah Territory, 36th Congress, 1st Session, Exec. Doc. No. 42. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Dept. of the Interior..
  125. Paludan, Philip S. 1981. Victims: A True Story of the Civil War. Knoxville, Tennessee: The University of Tennessee Press. 144 p.
  126. Brigham D. Madsen (with foreword by Charles S. Peterson), The Shoshoni Frontier and the Bear River Massacre, University of Utah Press (1985-hardcover 1995-paperback), trade paperback, 286 pages, pp. 190–192, ISBN 0-87480-494-9
  127. Pages 183 to 194, The Shoshoni Frontier and the Bear River Massacre, by Brigham D. Madsen, foreword by Charles S. Peterson, University of Utah Press (1985-hardcover 1995-paperback), trade paperback, 286 pages, ISBN 0-87480-494-9
  128. "William Quantrill and the Lawrence Massacre". Xroads.virginia.edu. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  129. "Lawrence (Kansas, United States)". Britannica.com. Archived from the original on May 9, 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  130. "The Bloodiest Man In American History". Archived from the original on December 1, 2008.
  131. "Erastus D. Ladd's Description of the Lawrence Massacre, by Russell E. Bidlack, Summer 1963". Kshs.org. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  132. Dyer, Frederick H. (1908). A Compendium of the War of Rebellion. Des Moines: The Dyer Publishing Company. p. 590.
  133. "Fort Pillow Massacre". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  134. Critchell, Robert S. (May 3, 1864). "The Fort Pillow Massacre". The New York Times. Retrieved August 5, 2013.
  135. U.S. Congress (2006) [February 6, 1905]. Fort Pillow Massacre. ISBN 978-1-933706-00-9.
  136. Cimprich, John; Mainfort, Robert C., Jr. (December 1989). "The Fort Pillow Massacre: A Statistical Note". The Journal of American History. 76 (3): 830–837. doi:10.2307/2936423. JSTOR 2936423. PMID 11617251.
  137. "Chapter 14 Winning the West The Army in the Indian Wars". American Military History, Volume I. United States Army Center of Military History. 2005. CMH Pub 30-21.
  138. ""Inquiry into the Sand Creek Massacre, November, 1864." The Wynkoop Family Research Library. Rootsweb.com: Freepages. Retrieved on 2008-02-19". Freepages.genealogy.rootsweb.com. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  139. Hoig, Stan. (1977). The Sand Creek Massacre. Norman, Oklahoma: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 978-0-8061-1147-6
  140. Charles J. Brill, Custer, Black Kettle, and the Fight on the Washita (1938), p. 155.
  141. "ABC-CLIO Schools|Washita Massacre". Historyandtheheadlines.abc-clio.com. September 26, 2007. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  142. Andrist, Ralph K., The Long Death: The Last Days of the Plains Indians, University of Oklahoma Press, 2001, 371 pages, pp 157–162, ISBN 978-0-8061-3308-9
  143. Brown, Dee, Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee, Henry Holt and Co., 2007, 487 pages, pp 167–169, ISBN 978-0-8050-8684-3
  144. Churchill, Ward, A Little Matter of Genocide: Holocaust and Denial in the Americas, 1492 to the Present, City Lights, 1997, 381 pages, p 236, ISBN 978-0-87286-323-1
  145. "Sand Creek Memorial and Washita Sites". Colorado Humanities. Archived from the original on February 27, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  146. Cox, Dale. "Washita Battlefield, Oklahoma". ExploreSouthernHistory.com. Archived from the original on May 2, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  147. "Giago, Tim – Honoring Those Who Died at Washita". Huffington Post. April 22, 2007. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  148. "The 140th Anniversary of the Washita Massacre of Nov. 27, 1868". Native American Netroots. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  149. "THE WEST – Washita". PBS. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  150. The Saint Francis Herald, "Cherry Creek Massacre recognized in magazine", St. Francis, Kansas, November 17, 2005
  151. Zeman, Scott C., Chronology of the American West from 23,000 B.C.E. through the Twentieth Century, ABC-CLIO, 2002, 381 pages, p 155, ISBN 978-1-57607-207-3
  152. "Chinese Massacre of 1871". University of Southern California. June 23, 2002. Archived from the original on October 14, 2012.
  153. Erika Lee, Review of The Chinatown War: Chinese Los Angeles and the Massacre of 1871, by Scott Zesch, Journal of American History, vol. 100, no. 1 (June 2013), pg. 217.
  154. The Nebraska Indian Wars reader, 1865–1877 By R. Eli Paul p.88 Publisher: University of Nebraska Press (April 1, 1998) Language: English ISBN 0-8032-8749-6
  155. Greenway, Paul. (2002). Bulgaria: Centuries of History Ripe for Discovery. P141. Lonely Planet. ISBN 1-86450-148-0
  156. Bousfield, Jonathan. (2002). The Rough Guide to Bulgaria. P352. Rough Guides. ISBN 1-85828-882-7
  157. Crampton, R.J. (2007). Bulgaria. P92. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-820514-7
  158. Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Bulgaria: History" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
  159. Chaput, John (2007). "Frog Lake Massacre". The Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan. University of Regina and Canadian Plains Research Center. Archived from the original on September 4, 2009. Retrieved June 8, 2010.
  160. W. B. Cameron, "Massacre at Frog Lake" Archived December 15, 2005, at the Wayback Machine, University of Alberta Libraries, response by W. B. Cameron to "Massacre at Frog Lake", Edmonton Journal, April 4, 1939. Retrieved August 2, 2009.
  161. Camp Pilot Butte, National Register of Historic Places.
  162. Larson, History of Wyoming, pp. 141–44.
  163. Daniels, Asian America, pp. 61–63.
  164. Ostler, Jeffrey, Conquest and the State, 65 Pacific Hist. Rev. 217, 248 n.52 (1996)(collecting estimates)
  165. National Historic Landmarks Program: Wounded Knee Archived March 9, 2008, at the Wayback Machine National Park Service. Retrieved on February 19, 2008.
  166. "The Wounded Knee Massacre". Archived from the original on December 5, 2011.
  167. Charny, Israel W. (1999). Encyclopedia of genocide (illustrated ed.). ABC-CLIO. p. 287. ISBN 978-0-87436-928-1. "also known as the Hamidian Massacres, after the sultan", distinguishing the current name from what the events were previously known as: the Armenian Massacres.
  168. Cohan, Sara (October 2005). "A Brief History of the Armenian Genocide". Social Education. National Science Teachers Association, 1840 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, Virginia 22201-3000. v69 (n6): 333. ISSN 0037-7724. "They are now known as the Hamidian Massacres"
  169. Totten, Samuel; Paul Robert Bartrop; Jacobs, Steven L. (2008). Dictionary of genocide. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 23. ISBN 978-0-313-34642-2. "they are now often called the Hamidian massacres to distinguish them from the greater atrocities associated with the 1915 Armenian Genocide"
  170. Western Cape Institute for Historical Research (January 1, 1993). "Kronos". Kronos. Issues. University of the Western Cape. 20–22: 57–60.
  171. Mark Twain, Weapons of Satire, pp. 168–178, Syracuse University Press, Syracuse, New York 1992
  172. American Troops Killing Muslims: A Massacre to Remember Archived September 6, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, by Christine Gibson, AmericanHeritage.com, March 8, 2006
  173. Byler, Charles A. Pacifying the Moros; Military Review, May–June 2005
  174. Creelman, James (August 22, 1909). "The Slaughter of Christians In Asia Minor". The New York Times.
  175. Akcam, Taner. A Shameful Act. 2006, pp. 69–70: "fifteen to twenty thousand Armenians were killed"
  176. "30,000 Killed in Massacres". The New York Times. April 25, 1909.
  177. Century of Genocide: Eyewitness Accounts and Critical Views By Samuel. Totten, William S. Parsons, Israel W. Charny
  178. Walker, 1980, pp. 182–88
  179. Bills, E.R. (2014). The 1910 Slocum Massacre. Charleston, SC 29403: The History Press. ISBN 978-1-62619-352-9.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location (link)
  180. American Experience|The Rockefellers|Special Features|The Ludlow Massacre (PBS)
  181. "The Ludlow Massacre|United Mine Workers of America". Umwa.org. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  182. Zinn, H. "The Ludlow Massacre", Excerpt from A People's History of the United States. pgs 346–349.
  183. Westerlund, Lars (2004). "Me odotimme teitä vapauttajina ja te toitte kuolemaa – Viipurin valloituksen yhteydessä teloitetut venäläiset". Venäläissurmat Suomessa 1914–22: Osa 2.2. Sotatapahtumat 1918–22. Prime Minister's Office of Finland. ISBN 952-5354-45-8.
  184. Report of Commissioners, Vol 1, New Delhi, p. 105
  185. "Amritsar, Episode 83", This Sceptred Isle: Empire, BBC, June 7, 2006
  186. "Massacre of Amritsar". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved February 15, 2008.
  187. "The Inter-Allied Investigation of the Greek Invasion of Smyrna, 1919". doi:10.1163/2468-1733_shafr_sim110060001. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  188. McNeill, William H. (1989). Arnold J. Toynbee : a Life. Oxford: Oxford University Press, USA. ISBN 978-0-19-992339-7. OCLC 778339562.
  189. https://www.scribd.com/doc/46207420/Ar%C5%9Fiv-Belgelerine-Gore-Balkanlar%E2%80%99da-ve-Anadolu%E2%80%99da-Yunan-Mezalimi-2. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  190. Smith, Michael Llewellyn, 1939– (1998). Ionian vision : Greece in Asia Minor, 1919–1922 : with a new introduction. London: C. Hurst. ISBN 1-85065-413-1. OCLC 40461928.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  191. Chambers, Mortimer; Toynbee, Arnold (1970). "Some Problems of Greek History". The Classical World. 64 (2): 62. doi:10.2307/4347289. ISSN 0009-8418. JSTOR 4347289.
  192. T. Ryle Dwyer, The Squad and the intelligence operations of Michael Collins, Dublin, 2005
  193. David Leeson, "Death in the Afternoon: The Croke Park Massacre, 21 November 1920", Canadian Journal of History, vol. 38, no. 1 (April 2003)
  194. Florida Department of State, State Library & Archives of Florida, Rosewood Bibliography "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 21, 2009. Retrieved September 29, 2009.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  195. Time vol. 11 (1928), p. 12, use in scare quotes: "The back of their mine strike broken, the I. W. W.'s in Colorado resented it last fortnight when Louis N. Scherf, 'hero' of the Columbine Mine 'massacre' (Time Dec. 5), was posted in Walsenburg, Colo., with his squad of sharpshooting State Police"
  196. Michigan History, vols. 65–66, Michigan Department of State, 1981, p. 48.
  197. Elspeth Young, The Aboriginal Component in the Australian Economy (1981), p. 9.
  198. "Freedom of Information/Privacy Act". Federal Bureau of Investigation. Archived from the original on November 5, 2010.
  199. Al Capone: Chicago's Most Infamous Mob Boss – The Crime library Archived April 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  200. Schoenberg, Shira, "The Hebron Massacre of 1929", Jewish Virtual Library. Retrieved March 3, 2010.
  201. "Safed Victims Put at 70 Killed and Wounded", New York Times, September 1, 1929
  202. "Safed Massacre of 1929". Safed.co.il. August 14, 1929. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  203. McPherson, Alan (2014). "Herbert Hoover, occupation withdrawal, and the good neighbor policy". Presidential Studies Quarterly. 44 (4): 623+.
  204. Belleau, Jean-Philippe (January 25, 2016). "Massacres perpetrated in the 20th Century in Haiti". Sciences Po. Retrieved May 28, 2021.
  205. Danticat, Edwidge. "The Long Legacy of Occupation in Haiti". The New Yorker. Retrieved June 2, 2021.
  206. Habib, Irfan (September–October 1997). "Civil Disobedience 1930–31". Social Scientist. 25 (9–10): 43–66. doi:10.2307/3517680. JSTOR 3517680.
  207. Johansen, Robert C. (1997). "Radical Islam and Nonviolence: A Case Study of Religious Empowerment and Constraint Among Pashtuns". Journal of Peace Research. 34 (1): 53–71. doi:10.1177/0022343397034001005. S2CID 145684635.
  208. "Der Krieg am Ararat" (Telegramm unseres Korrespondenten) Berliner Tageblatt, October 3, 1930, "... die Türken in der Gegend von Zilan 220 Dörfer zerstört und 4500 Frauen und Greise massakriert". (in German)
  209. M. Kalman, Belge, tanık ve yaşayanlarıyla Ağrı Direnişi 1926–1930, Pêrî Yayınları, Istanbul, 1997, ISBN 975-8245-01-5, p. 105. (in Turkish)
  210. Tamcke, Martin (January 1, 2004). Syriaca II. LIT Verlag Münster. pp. 289, 290. ISBN 3-8258-7834-1.
  211. 19 Were killed including 2 policemen caught in the cross-fire The Washington Post. Tuesday, December 28, 1999; Page A03. Apology Isn't Enough for Puerto Rico Spy Victims'.' Retrieved July 8, 2009.
  212. Biggest Massacre in Puerto Rican History. Retrieved July 14, 2009.
  213. Kaussen, Valerie (December 24, 2007). Migrant Revolutions: Haitian Literature, Globalization, and U.S. Imperialism. Lexington Books. ISBN 9780739130162 – via Google Books.
  214. Galván, Javier A. (2012). Latin American Dictators of the 20th Century: The Lives and Regimes of 15 Rulers. McFarland. p. 53.
  215. "Resmi raporlarda Dersim katliamı: 13 bin kişi öldürüldü", Radikal, November 19, 2009. (in Turkish)
  216. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 20, 2017. Retrieved August 7, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  217. Honda Katsuichi, The Nanjing Massacre, M.E. Sharp 1998
  218. Fordham University webpage: Modern History Sourcebook
  219. Matthew White Nanking Massacre, Accessed December 17, 2007. Cites eight sources directly and another ten indirectly. Lowest estimate Spence, The Search for Modern China: 42,000. Highest estimate Iris Chang, The Rape of Nanking (1997), citing James Yin & Shi Young: 400,000
  220. Justin Harmon Student-Run Conference to Examine Nanking Massacre, Princeton University, November 12, 1997
  221. John Earl Haynes and Harvey Klehr. In Denial: Historians, Communism, and Espionage. Encounter Books, 2003. ISBN 1-893554-72-4 p. 22
  222. Aleksandr Shelepin's March 3, 1959, note to Khrushchev, with information about the execution of 21,857 Poles and with the proposal to destroy their personal files. Online Archived March 25, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  223. Beria's March 1940 proposal to shoot 25,700 Poles from Kozelsk, Ostashkov, and Starobels camps, and from certain prisons of Western Ukraine and Belarus bearing Stalin's signature (among others). proposal online Archived March 30, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
  224. Fischer, Benjamin B., "The Katyn Controversy: Stalin's Killing Field Archived January 17, 2010, at WebCite", Studies in Intelligence, Winter 1999–2000
  225. "Katyn Massacre", Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved December 23, 2007.
  226. Jolly, Cyril (1957). The Vengeance of Private Pooley. William Heineman Ltd. ISBN 0-9507733-1-X.
  227. Goldstein, Ivo (2007). "The Independent State of Croatia in 1941: On the Road to Catastrophe". In Ramet, Sabrina P. (ed.). The Independent State of Croatia 1941–45. New York: Routledge. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-138-86811-3.
  228. Levene, Mark (2013). The Crisis of Genocide, Annihilation: The European Rimlands, 1939–1953. Vol. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-968304-8.
  229. Robert Gellately. Lenin, Stalin, and Hitler: The Age of Social Catastrophe. Knopf, 2007 ISBN 1-4000-4005-1 p. 391
  230. Rhodes, Richard (2002). Masters of Death: The SS-Einsatzgruppen and the Invention of the Holocaust. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-375-40900-9.
  231. The Holocaust Chronicle: Massacre at Babi Yar, The Holocaust Chronicle web site. Retrieved December 17, 2007.
  232. Khiterer, Victoria (2004). "Babi Yar: The tragedy of Kiev's Jews" (PDF). Brandeis Graduate Journal. 2: 1–16. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 28, 2007. Retrieved January 20, 2008.
  233. "A survivor of the Babi Yar massacre". Heritage: Civilization and the Jews. Public Broadcasting System (PBS). Retrieved January 20, 2008.
  234. Wette, Wolfram (2006). The Wehrmacht: History, Myth, Reality. Harvard University Press. p. 112. The massacre at Babi Yar, near Kyiv, which claimed the lives of more than thirty thousand Jewish victims on September 29 and 30, 1941, was the largest single mass killing for which the German army was responsible during its campaign against the Soviet Union.
  235. Dougherty, Jill & Bittermann, Jim (June 25, 2001). "Pope visits Jewish massacre site". CNN. Retrieved January 20, 2008.
  236. Rozen, Marcu (September 1, 1943). "The Holocaust in Romania Under the Antonescu Government (24)". Holocaustremembrance.net. Archived from the original on May 29, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
    • Ezergailis, Andrew (1996a). "Latvia". In Wyman, David S.; Rosenzveig, Charles H. (eds.). The World Reacts to the Holocaust. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 239. ISBN 0-8018-4969-1.
  238. Saff Fall of Ambon: Massacred at Laha Archived February 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine, Australia's War 1939-145 Archived April 21, 2017, at the Wayback Machine An Australian government website.
  239. Peter Stanley The defence of the 'Malay barrier': Rabaul and Ambon, January 1942 principal historian to Australian War Memorial
  240. Katerina Zachovalova. War Crime To War Game, Time, September 17
  241. David Vaughan. The Lidice massacre – atrocity and courage website of Czech Radio, June 11, 2002
  242. "Lidice memorial". Lidice-memorial.cz. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  243. "Memorial Acqui Division Kefalonia - Argostoli - TracesOfWar.com".
  244. "Massacre on Wake Island". Archived from the original on October 17, 2014. Retrieved October 6, 2013.
  245. Burke, Matthew M. (January 22, 2012). "Search for closure, accurate account of Wake Island massacre continues". Stars and Stripes.
  246. "Oradour Info – Oradour-sur-Glane 10th June 1944". Oradour.info. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  247. "The Second World War – The massacre at Oradour-sur-Glane". Secondworldwar.co.uk. June 10, 1944. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  248. Mackness, Robin. "Oradour Massacre and Aftermath". Oradour.info. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  249. Mackness, Robin (1988). Massacre at Oradour. ISBN 978-0-394-57002-0. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  250. Hare-Cuming, Stephanie (March 1, 2013). "Massacre at Oradour, France, 1944". Fh.oxfordjournals.org. Oxford Journals. Archived from the original on December 1, 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  251. Farmer, Sarah (1999). Martyred Village: Commemorating the 1944 Massacre at Oradour-sur-Glane. H-net.msu.edu. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21186-5. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  252. Italy convicts Nazis of massacre BBC, January 13, 2007
  253. Richard Owen. "Ten convicted for 1944 massacre", The Times (London), January 15, 2007
  254. The Malmedy Massacre Revisited – Henri Rogister, Joseph Dejardin and Emile Jamar
  255. Goldstein, Donald M.; J. Michael Wenger; Dillon, Katherine V. (1997). Nuts! the Battle of the Bulge (illustrated ed.). Brassey's. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-57488-279-7.
  256. Euphemistically Celler Hasenjagd ("hare chase of Celle"). The English term "Celle Massacre Trial" for the trial of 1947/8 is referenced in Mijndert Bertram, Celle '45: Aspekte einer Zeitenwende (1995), p. 26.
  257. Geiger, Vladimir (2013). "Human losses of Croats in World War II and the immediate post-war period caused by the Chetniks (Yugoslav Army in the Fatherland) and the Partisans (People's Liberation Army and the partisan detachment of Yugoslavia/Yugoslav Army) and the Yugoslav Communist authoritities. Numerical indicators". Review of Croatian History. Croatian institute of history. 8 (1): 77–121.
  259. Yves Courrière, La guerre d'Algérie, tome 1 (Les fils de la Toussaint), Fayard, Paris 1969, ISBN 2-213-61118-1
    • Jean Louis Planche, Sétif 1945, histoire d'un massacre annoncé, Perrin, Paris 2006
  261. "History Matters: Few know of World War II massacre in Salina". Retrieved December 6, 2012.
  262. Harris, Justin M. (December 2009). "American Soldiers and POW Killing in the European Theater of World War II" (PDF): 1–2. Retrieved November 28, 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  263. Flanders, Christian. "The P.O.W. Camp at Salina, Utah". Intermountain Histories. Northern Arizona University. Retrieved December 7, 2018.
  264. de Zayas, Alfred M.: A terrible Revenge. Palgrave/Macmillan, New York, 1994.
  265. Naimark, Norman: Fires of Hatred. Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth – Century Europe. Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 2001.
  266. Prausser Steffen and Rees, Arfon: The Expulsion of the "German Communities from Eastern Europe at the End of the Second World War. Florence, Italy, European University Institute, 2004.
  267. Wang, Amy. "For decades, no one spoke of Taiwan's hidden massacre. A new generation is breaking the silence". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 28, 2017. his grandfather had been one of the tens of thousands of victims targeted and murdered in Taiwan's "February 28 Massacres."
  268. Shattuck, Thomas (February 27, 2017). "Taiwans White Terror: Remembering the 228 Incident". Foreign Policy Research Institute. Just blocks away from the Presidential Palace in Taipei is a museum and park memorializing the victims of the 228 Massacre.
  269. Commission of enquiry report, Palestine Post, February 20, 1948.
  270. "제주4.3사건 희생자·유족 추가신고 받는다". www.korea.kr.
  271. Ghosts Of Cheju Newsweek
  272. Kana'ana and Zeitawi, 1987.
  273. Morris, Benny (2008). 1948: A History of the First Arab-Israeli War. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-12696-9.
  274. Siegel-Itzkovich, Judy (April 7, 2008). "Victims of Hadassah massacre to be memorialized". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved December 2, 2013.
  275. Allon, Yigal, (1970) "Shield of David – The Story of Israel's Armed Forces". Weidenfeld and Nicolson. SBN 297 00133 7. Page 196.
  276. Gilbert, Martin (1977) "Jerusalem – Illustrated History Atlas". Published in conjunction with the Board of Deputies of British Jews. Map 50, page 93.
  277. Adam Raz, 'There's a Mass Palestinian Grave at a Popular Israeli Beach, Veterans Confess,' Haaretz, January 20, 2022.
  278. Shehadeh, Raja (October 16, 2012). "The Nakba, Then and Now". The New York Times.
  279. "Massacre at Dahmash mosque in al-Lydd". Archived from the original on December 8, 2017. Retrieved September 4, 2013.
  280. "70 years after Babrra massacre, victims' families demand justice, as deaths of 600 Khudai Khidmatgars remain buried in history – Firstpost". www.firstpost.com. Retrieved August 12, 2018.
  281. "THE DAWAYMEH MASSACRE" (PDF). UNITED NATIONS CONCILIATION COMMISSION FOR PALESTINE. Archived from the original (PDF) on July 17, 2015.
  282. Israel and the Palestinian Refugees. Springer Science & Business Media. February 17, 2007. ISBN 9783540681618.
  283. "October 29: The Safsaf Massacre, 1948". Jewish Currents. Retrieved October 29, 2018.
  284. Khalili, Laleh (2007). Heroes and Martyrs of Palestine: The Politics of National Commemoration. Cambridge University Press. p. 167. ISBN 9781139462822.
    1. B. Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited, Cambridge University Press, 2004. pp481,487,501,502.
  286. An article (no title given) by R. Barkan from the Mapam newspaper Al Hamishmar, quoting a letter from eyewitness Dov Yirmiya and the Jewish Agency's response, translated in the Journal of Palestine Studies, vol. VII, no. 4 (summer 1978), no. 28, pp. 143–145.
  287. Bowcott, Owen (November 25, 2015). "Relatives lose fight for inquiry into 1948 Batang Kali 'massacre'". The Guardian. Retrieved September 27, 2021.
  288. "Hari Ini 68 Tahun Silam, 2.600 Warga Rengat Dibantai Belanda, Termasuk Ayah Penyair Terkemuka Chairil Anwar". PotretNews.com (in Indonesian). January 5, 2017. Retrieved July 2, 2021.
  289. 민간인학살 울산-문경 두 판결문 비교. 경남도민일보 (in Korean). February 16, 2009. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
  290. 두 민간인 학살 사건, 상반된 판결 왜 나왔나?'울산보도연맹' – '문경학살사건' 판결문 비교분석해 봤더니.... OhmyNews (in Korean). February 17, 2009. Archived from the original on May 3, 2011. Retrieved July 8, 2010.
  291. Diplomat, Benjamin Katzeff Silberstein, The. "South Korea's Own History Problem". The Diplomat.
  292. "Korea bloodbath probe ends; US escapes much blame". San Diego Union-Tribune. July 10, 2010.
  293. South Korea owns up to brutal past Sydney Morning Herald
  294. "서울대병원, 6.25전쟁 참전 용사들을 위한 추모제 가져". Seoul National University Hospital. June 4, 2010. Archived from the original on January 20, 2013. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  295. Committee for the Review and Restoration of Honor for the No Gun Ri Victims (2009). No Gun Ri Incident Victim Review Report. Seoul: Government of the Republic of Korea. pp. 247–249, 328. ISBN 978-89-957925-1-3.
  296. Lee, B-C (October 15, 2012). "No Gun Ri Foundation held special law seminar". Newsis (online news agency) (in Korean). Retrieved February 18, 2020.
  297. "War's hidden chapter: Ex-GIs tell of killing Korean refugees". Associated Press. September 29, 1999.
  298. Soldiers scale Hill 303 in honor of fallen comrades Archived March 27, 2012, at the Wayback Machine 8th United States Army
  299. "< 북에서의 6.25 '미군만행' 확인될까 >". JoongAng Daily. May 16, 2001. Archived from the original on June 19, 2013. Retrieved August 3, 2012.
  300. Sung-hwan, Kim (May 22, 2008). "남양주 민간인학살 국가사과 권고". Hankyoreh. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
  301. Hanley, Charles J.; Chang, Jae-Soon (December 6, 2008). "Children 'executed' in 1950 South Korean killings". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Associated Press. Archived from the original on November 9, 2021. Retrieved August 30, 2012.
  302. Chun-hwa, Hwang (November 29, 2011). "고양 금정굴 민간인 학살...법원 "유족에 국가배상을"". Hankyoreh. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
  303. 강화교동도 학살•1 '우익단체가 주민 212명 총살' 공식확인 유족 주장 사실로.... Kyeongin Ilbo (in Korean). February 28, 2006. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
  304. 강화지역 민간인 학살 희생자 고유제 및 추모제. Incheon Ilbo (in Korean). October 20, 2009. Retrieved July 12, 2010.
  305. '산청·함양 양민학살' 책 펴낸 강희근 교수. Newstoday21 (in Korean). November 7, 2008. Archived from the original on July 22, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2010.
  306. 편히 영면하소서!'..거창사건 희생자 위령제. Chosun Ilbo (in Korean). April 17, 2009. Archived from the original on June 11, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2010.
  307. "Mau Mau Massacres 150 Natives In Night Raid Near Kenya Capital". The New York Times. March 28, 1953.
  308. Corradini, Stephen (1999). Chief Luka and the Lari Massacre: Contrary Notions of Kikuyu Land Tenure and the Mau Mau War. University of Wisconsin-Madison. p. 154. ISBN 0-942615-49-2.
  309. "South Africa: The Sharpeville Massacre". Time. April 4, 1960. Archived from the original on October 20, 2007. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
  310. "The Sharpeville Massacre – A watershed in South Africa". Sahistory.org.za. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  311. This invitation was later disputed by the Portuguese authorities. Azevedo, Mario (1991) "Mueda" Historical Dictionary of Mozambique Scarecrow Press, Metuchen, New Jersey, page 92, ISBN 0-8108-2413-2
  312. West, Harry G. (2003) ""Who Rules Us Now?" Identity Tokens, Sorcery, and Other Metaphors in the 1994 Mozambican Elections" pp. 92–124 In West, Harry G. (editor) (2003) Transparency and Conspiracy: Ethnographies of suspicion in the new world order Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina, page 103, ISBN 0-8223-3036-9
  313. Newitt, Malyn D. D. (1995) A History of Mozambique Indiana University Press, Bloomington, Indiana, page 521, ISBN 0-253-34006-3
  314. Fitzpatrick, Mary (2007) Mozambique Lonely Planet, Footscray, Victoria, Australia, page 162, ISBN 978-1-74059-188-1
  315. West, Harry G. (2003) "'Who Rules Us Now?' Identity Tokens, Sorcery, and Other Metaphors in the 1994 Mozambican Elections" pp. 92–124 In West, Harry G. (editor) (2003) Transparency and Conspiracy: Ethnographies of suspicion in the new world order Durham, North Carolina: Duke University Press, page 120, note 31, ISBN 0-8223-3036-9 "The number of casualties is disputed. Nationalists suggested that as many a six hundred were killed, while Portuguese accounts sometimes place the number of casualties in the single digits."
  316. Katiry, Zhiwhuotho (September 5, 2017). "Living Eyewitness – Pochury Black Day, and Massacre of Matikhru Village". Eastern Mirror. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  317. "Nagalim: Remembrance Of Matikhrü Incident". Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. September 9, 2013. Retrieved December 9, 2021.
  318. Alessandra Stanley, Russian General Campaigns On Old-Time Soviet Values The New York Times, October 13, 1995
  319. Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev. A Century of Violence in Soviet Russia. Yale University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-300-08760-8 p. 228
  320. Alexander Nikolaevich Yakovlev. A Century of Violence in Soviet Russia. Yale University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-300-08760-8 p. 226
  321. Benjamin Stora, Algeria, 1830–2000: A Short History (Cornell University Press, 2004) p105
  322. "No Apology Forthcoming as 50th Anniversary of Anti-Communist Massacre Looms". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  323. "Indonesia massacres: Declassified US files shed new light". BBC News. October 17, 2017. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  324. "1965 victims: We don't want communism, just reconciliation". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved April 12, 2021.
  325. Armstrong, Charles (2001). Critical asian studies, Volume 33, Issue 4:America's Korea, Korea's Vietnam. Routledge. pp. 530–534.
  326. "On War extra – Vietnam's massacre survivors" (Flash Video). AlJazeera. YouTube. January 4, 2009. Archived from the original on December 11, 2021. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
  327. "Binh Hoa Massacre". Tourist attractions: Relics. People's Committee of Quảng Ngãi province. Archived from the original on August 8, 2011. Retrieved July 9, 2011.
  328. Anderson, David L. (2004). The Columbia Guide to the Vietnam War. pp. 98–9
  329. Jackson, Gerald (February 16–22, 1998). "Hue: the massacre the Left wants us to forget". The New Australian. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
  330. Anderson, David L. The Columbia Guide to the Vietnam War. 2004, page 98-9
  331. "List of Civilians Massacred by the Communists During "Tet Mau Than" in Thua Thien Province ad Hue City" (PDF). RVN. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
  332. "List of Civilians Massacred by the Communists During "Tet Mau Than" in Thua Thien Province ad Hue City" (PDF). RVN. Retrieved April 25, 2014.
  333. Kendrick Oliver, The My Lai Massacre in American History and Memory (Manchester University Press, 2006), p. 27.
  334. Encyclopedia of the Stateless Nations: Ethnic and National Groups around the World, edited by James Minahan, vol. 4 (Greenwood, 2002), p. 1761.
  335. Pierre Journod, "La France, les États-Unis et la guerre du Vietnam: l'année 1968", in Les relations franco-américaines au XX siècle, edited by Pierre Melandri and Serge Ricard (L'Harmattan, 2003), p. 176.
  336. Manley, Jacqueline. Saigon Salvation. Xulon Press. p. 364. ISBN 1622306716.
  337. Lone survivor recalls Jabidah Massacre – INQUIRER.net, Philippine News for Filipinos Archived September 13, 2015, at the Wayback Machine
  338. Guillermo, Artemio R. (December 16, 2011). Historical Dictionary of the Philippines. Scarecrow Press. p. 293. ISBN 978-0-8108-7511-1.
  339. McCoy, Alfred W. (2009). Policing America's empire: the United States, the Philippines, and the rise of the surveillance state. Univ of Wisconsin Press. pp. 390–391. ISBN 978-0-299-23414-0.
  340. Han Hong-gu, Sungkonghoe University professor (November 15, 2000). 미국의 관심은 '학살은폐 책임' 최초공개된 미국 비밀보고서의 의미... 정부는 참전군인의 명예를 위해서 진상조사에 나서라. Hankyoreh (in Korean). Retrieved January 29, 2011.
  341. Kwon, Heonik (November 10, 2006). After the massacre: commemoration and consolation in Ha My and My Lai. University of California Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-520-24797-0.
  342. "Murder in the name of war – My Lai", BBC News, July 20, 1998
  343. "The My Lai Massacre", Public Broadcasting Service, March 29, 2005
  344. "Former Mexican president sheds light on 1968 massacre", CNN, February 4, 1998
  345. "Mexican Court Issues Warrant for Former President". Foxnews.com. October 2, 1968. Archived from the original on May 27, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  346. "Tlatelolco: las Claves de la Masacre" Archived November 24, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, "in a CIA document it reads 'As is typical in Mexico, accurate statistics concerning the number of casualties in the 2 October battle cannot be found. Reports have been received of as high as 350 killed. The best Embassy estimate is that this figure is between 150 and 200.'".
  347. Weiner, Tim (February 7, 2003). "Mexico Digs at Last for Truth About 1968 Massacre". New York Times. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  348. Lang, John (May 4, 2000). "The day the Vietnam War came home". Scripps Howard News service. Retrieved November 9, 2007.
  349. Caputo, Philip (May 4, 2005). "The Kent State Shootings, 35 Years Later". NPR. Retrieved November 9, 2007. These would be the first of many probes into what soon became known as the Kent State Massacre. Like the Boston Massacre almost exactly two hundred years before (March 5, 1770), which it resembled, it was called a massacre not for the number of its victims but for the wanton manner in which they were shot down.
  350. Ryan, Tim (May 4, 2007). "Congressman Tim Ryan Gives Speech at 37th Commemoration of Kent State Massacre". Congressional website of Rep. Tim Ryan (D-Ohio). Retrieved November 9, 2007.
  351. Dated quote (diary of Tony Benn, January 31, 1972) in Ruth Winstone, Events, Dear Boy, Events: A Political Diary of Britain 1921–2010 (2012).
  352. Walker, Christopher; Barkham, Patrick (October 17, 2002). "Killing of 14 was not justified, says Bloody Sunday soldier". The Times. London. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
  353. Feemster, Ron (March 7, 2002). "Fitting Bloody Sunday Into the Present". The New York Times. p. 1. Retrieved July 22, 2009.
  354. "Bloody Sunday killings 'unjustified and unjustifiable'". BBC News. June 15, 2010. Retrieved June 15, 2010.
  355. "In what became known as the Lod Airport Massacre three members of the terrorist group, Japanese Red Army, arrived at the airport aboard an Air France flight from Paris. Once inside the airport they grabbed automatic firearms from their carry-on cases and fired at airport staff and visitors. In the end, 26 people died and 80 people were injured." CBC News, The Fifth Estate, "Fasten Your Seatbelts: Ben Gurion Airport in Israel", 2007. Retrieved June 2, 2008.
  356. "The short-term impact of the Lod Airport massacre as a precursor to Munich..." Stephen Sloan, John C. Bersia, J. B. Hill. Terrorism: The Present Threat in Context, Berg Publisher, 2006, p. 50. ISBN 1-84520-344-5
  357. "Two years later, just before the Lod Airport massacre, authorities uncovered the bodies of 14 young men and women on remote Mount Haruna, 70 miles northwest of Tokyo." "Again the Red Army", Time, August 18, 1975.
  358. "Those named by Lebanese officials as having been arrested included at least three Red Army members who have been wanted for years by Japanese authorities, most notably Kozo Okamoto, 49, the only member of the attacking group who survived the Lod Airport massacre." "Lebanon Seizes Japanese Radicals Sought in Terror Attacks", The New York Times, February 19, 1997.
  359. "They were responsible for the Lod Airport massacre in Israel in 1972, which was committed on behalf of the PFLP." Jeffrey D. Simon, The Terrorist Trap: America's Experience with Terrorism, Indiana University Press, p. 324. ISBN 0-253-21477-7
  360. "Munich Massacre Remembered". CBS News. September 5, 2002.
  361. Wolff, Alexander (September 2, 2002). "When The Terror Began". Time. Archived from the original on April 7, 2010. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
  362. "La Masacre de Ezeiza". El Historiador. 2005. Archived from the original on February 1, 2016.
  363. "Revisiting the February 7–8, 1974, Burning of Jolo". Archived from the original on March 8, 2013. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  364. "Massacre of 18 in Kiryat Shemona Continues to Provoke Indignation". Jewish Telegraphic Agency. April 18, 1974. Retrieved February 28, 2017.
  365. id=zD1OAAAAIBAJ&sjid=oEYDAAAAIBAJ&pg=5787,4158480 Arab Terrorists Slay 18 In Raid On Israel, 13 April 1974
  366. Herf, Jeffrey (May 3, 2016). Undeclared Wars with Israel: East Germany and the West German Far Left, 1967–1989. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107089860.
  367. Sources describing the event as a "massacre":
    • "The day after the Ma'alot massacre, condemned by Pope Paul VI and most Western leaders as "an evil outrage", ..." Frank Gervasi. Thunder Over the Mediterranean, McKay, 1975, p. 443.
    • "The previous day Israel had been traumatized by the Ma'alot massacre, which had resulted in the deaths of numerous schoolchildren." William B. Quandt. Peace Process: American Diplomacy and the Arab-Israeli Conflict Since 1967, Brookings Institution Press, 2001, p. 432.
    • "Faced with a public outcry over the Ma'alot massacre, they demanded of Syria a pledge to forbid terrorist to cross the Golan into Israel." Milton Viorst. Sands of Sorrow: Israel's Journey from Independence, I.B.Tauris, 1987, p. 192.
    • "...Organization (PLO) crimes, like the massacre of Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games in 1972 and the Ma'alot massacre of children in 1974." Richard J. Chasdi. Tapestry of Terror: A Portrait of Middle East Terrorism, 1994–1999, Lexington Books, 2002, p. 6.
    • "The PFLP was responsible for the Ma'alot massacre on May IS, 1974 during which 22 Israeli children were killed." Alex Peter Schmid, A. J. Jongman, Michael Stohl. Political Terrorism: A New Guide to Actors, Authors, Concepts, Data Bases, Theories, & Literature, Transaction Publishers, 2005, p. 639.
    • "On 22 November 1974, six months after the Ma'alot massacre, the United Nations General Assembly voted to accept the Palestine Liberation Organisation as an..." Martin Gilbert. The Jews in the Twentieth Century: An Illustrated History, Schocken Books, 2001, p. 327.
  368. Khoury, Jack. "U.S. filmmakers plan documentary on Ma'alot massacre", Haaretz, March 7, 2007.
  369. Oberling, Pierre. The road to Bellapais: the Turkish Cypriot exodus to northern Cyprus (1982), Social Science Monographs, p. 185
  370. L'Événement du jeudi, Issues 543–547 (1995), S.A. L'Evénement du jeudi, p. 45 (in French)
  371. Documents officiels, United Nations
  372. Paul Sant Cassia, Bodies of Evidence: Burial, Memory, and the Recovery of Missing Persons in Cyprus, Berghahn Books, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84545-228-5, p. 237.
  373. Δημητρίου, Μάριος (August 21, 2016). "Μια παλιά μαρτυρία στην Τόχνη". sigmalive.com. Sigma Live. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  374. Δημητρίου, Μάριος (March 20, 2014). "Κηδεύτηκαν έξι Τουρκοκύπριοι της Τόχνης". sigmalive.com. Sigma Live. Retrieved April 25, 2018.
  375. Κουκουμάς, Γιώργος (August 2, 2015). "Σφαγές Τ/κ από τον ελληνοκυπριακό φασισμό". Διάλογος. Archived from the original on August 5, 2015. Retrieved May 31, 2017.
  376. "Τουρκοκύπριος συγκλονίζει: Έτσι έγινε η σφαγή της Τόχνης". Πρώτο Θέμα.
  377. "Remembering the Tochni Massacre". T-Vine. August 15, 2014. Retrieved June 29, 2017.
  378. Paul Sant Cassia, Bodies of Evidence: Burial, Memory, and the Recovery of Missing Persons in Cyprus, Berghahn Books, 2007, ISBN 978-1-84545-228-5, Massacre&f=false p. 61.
  379. Gisela Welz,European Products: Making and Unmaking Heritage in Cyprus, Berghahn Books, 2015, ISBN 9781782388234 p. 53
  380. Mawallil, Amir. "OPINION: The Malisbong Massacre and the privilege to remember". ABS-CBN News.
  381. Carton, Donna (December 11, 2005). "Miami Showband massacre files to stay under wraps". Sunday Mirror. Archived from the original on March 10, 2008. Retrieved February 5, 2008.
  382. "Miami Showband massacre remembered". BreakingNews.ie. July 30, 2005. Archived from the original on February 5, 2008. Retrieved February 5, 2008.
  383. "Miami Showband Memorial Unveiled". 4NI.co.uk. December 10, 2007. Archived from the original on March 12, 2008. Retrieved February 5, 2008.
  384. "Ahern unveils Miami Showband memorial". The Irish Times. December 10, 2007. Retrieved February 5, 2008.
  385. Dillon, Martin (1991). The Dirty War. Arrow Books. p. 174. ISBN 978-0-09-984520-1.
  386. "1976: Ten dead in Northern Ireland ambush", BBC, On this day series (January 5). Retrieved December 23, 2007.
  387. Sam Knight, "Ulster lukewarm about unsolved murders probe", The Times (London), January 20, 2006
  388. Kissinger, Henry (1999) Years of Renewal Simon Schuster, ISBN 1-84212-042-5 p 1022
  389. Friedman, New York Times, September 20, 21, 26, 27, 1982. Retrieved May 17, 2009
  390. Cobban, Helena (1984), The Palestinian Liberation Organisation: People, Power, and Politics, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-27216-5 p 73
  391. Price, Daniel E. (1999). Islamic Political Culture, Democracy, and Human Rights: A Comparative Study. Greenwood Publishing Company, ISBN 978-0-275-96187-9, p. 68.
  392. Winichakul, Thongchai (2002). "Remembering/ Silencing the Traumatic Past: the Ambivalent Memories of the October 1976 Massacre in Bangkok". Cultural Crisis and Social Memory: Modernity and Identity in Thailand and Laos. London: Routledge Curzon: 243.
  393. "Among the most notorious attacks was the coastal road massacre in Israel in March 1978. The attack left 35 civilians dead and 80 wounded." Ben Gad, Yitschak. Politics, Lies, and Videotape, Shapolsky Publishers, 1991, ISBN 1-56171-015-6, p. 94.
  394. "1978, March 11. The Coastal Road Massacre" Richard Ernest Dupuy, Trevor Nevitt Dupuy. The Encyclopedia of Military History from 3500 B.C. to the Present, Harper & Row, 1986, ISBN 0-06-181235-8, p. 1362.
  395. "Operation Litani is launched in retaliation for that month's Coastal Road massacre." Gregory S. Mahler. Politics and Government in Israel: The Maturation of a Modern State, Rowman & Littlefield, 2004, ISBN 0-7425-1611-3, p. 259.
  396. "So did the Coastal Road massacre of 1978, in which a POLO hijacking of an intercity bus ended with the deaths of thirty-five Israeli hostages." Binyamin Netanyahu. A Durable Peace: Israel and Its Place Among the Nations, Warner Books, 2000, ISBN 0-446-52306-2, p. 218.
  397. "Ghost of Marichjhapi returns to haunt". Archived from the original on June 10, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  398. "O.A.S. to Reopen Inquiry Into Massacre in El Salvador in 1981". The New York Times. March 8, 2005.
  399. Yemeni father's school slaughter, The Independent (March 31, 1997)
  400. Friedman, Thomas L., From Beirut to Jerusalem, (Macmillan, 1991), 76–105.
  401. Robert Fisk Another war on terror. Another proxy army. Another mysterious massacre. And now, after 19 years, perhaps the truth at last... Archived December 1, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, The Independent November 28, 2001
  402. Cilina Nasser. Sharon role in massacre remembered Archived March 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Al Jazeera, March 5, 2006
  403. Amal Hamdan Remembering Sabra and Shatila Archived March 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Al Jazeera, September 16, 2003
  404. Rotella, Sebastian (May 25, 2012). "Finding Oscar: Massacre,Memory and Justice in Guatemala". Pro-Publica. Archived from the original on November 5, 2018. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  405. Conklin, Ellis E. "The Broken Heart of Chinatown". Seattle Weekly. Archived from the original on October 18, 2016. Retrieved October 17, 2016.
  406. Parker, Laura (February 22, 1983). "Seattle's Wah Mee Club, Once a Respectable Bar, Became Place of Death". The Washington Post. Retrieved March 21, 2019.
  407. Peru: The killings of Lucanamarca BBC, 09–14–06
  408. Kavanagh, Jim (July 24, 2009). "Slaughter at McDonald's changed how police operate". CNN. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
  409. Gresko, Jessica (July 18, 2004). "20 Years later, San Ysidro McDonald's massacre remembered". North County Times. Escondido, California. Archived from the original on May 20, 2010. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
  410. Ben-Ali, Russell (December 14, 1990). "After a Long Wait, Monument Is Dedicated at Massacre Site". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 3, 2010.
  411. Rory Carroll. Saddam trial to open with village massacre, The Guardian, June 7, 2005
  412. "Documents Link Saddam To Massacre" Archived June 4, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Al Jazeera, Reuters, March 3, 2006
  413. "Judging Dujail (section 3)". Human Rights Watch. November 19, 2006. Retrieved August 18, 2009.
  414. "Judging Dujail (section 7)". Human Rights Watch. November 19, 2006. Retrieved August 23, 2009.
  415. "Sri Lanka Tamil Terror". Time. May 27, 1985. Archived from the original on February 24, 2007.
  416. "From Anuradhapura to Anuradhapura". The Hindu. Chennai, India. June 17, 2006. Archived from the original on June 29, 2006.
  417. "Unofficial biography of Alan Garcia. Alan Garcia life and work. Alan Garcia contributions". Mundoandino.com. Archived from the original on September 23, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  418. "Notorious Peruvian School of the Americas Graduates". Derechos.org. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  419. "RIGHTS-PERU: Time Is of the Essence in Extradition of War Criminal". Ipsnews.net. Archived from the original on February 12, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  420. 管仁健. 〈國軍屠殺越南難民的三七事件〉. 《你不知道的台灣》. March 7, 2008
  421. Elmo Fernando: LTTE massacre site is haven for Tamil victims, BBC Sinhala, January 28, 2005
  422. O'Ballance, E. (December 18, 1995). The Kurdish Struggle, 1920–94. Springer. ISBN 9780230377424. Retrieved January 5, 2019 – via Google Books.
  423. Reuters (July 10, 1987). "Kurdish Rebels Kill 20 In 2 Villages in Turkey". Nytimes.com. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
  424. "PKK murdered 30 peasants in Pınarcık this day 30 years ago". En.ilkha.com. Archived from the original on June 23, 2017. Retrieved January 5, 2019.
  425. "Australian gunman laughs as he admits killing 35". CNN News. November 7, 1996. Archived from the original on September 22, 2008.
  426. Aftermath of horror death toll climbs to 35, New York Daily News Archived February 26, 2009, at the Wayback Machine (April 30, 1996)
  427. "1987: Gunman kills 14 in Hungerford rampage", On this day August 19. BBC, Retrieved August 6, 2008
  428. "Ryan shot at me, then at my mother". The Daily Telegraph. London. December 7, 2004. Archived from the original on May 1, 2005. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
  429. Patrick Bishop, "The IRA's 'Mistake'", Spectator, November 14, 1987, p. 15 (subtitled "Patrick Bishop on the meaning of the Poppy Day massacre for Republican terrorists" (the article text uses "the massacre at Enniskillen", as well as "La Mon House massacre" in reference to the La Mon restaurant bombing of 1978)
  430. Harney, Mary (2001). "Dail Remarks by Mary Harney, T.D., Tánaiste and Leader of the Progressive Democrats in Response to the Recent Terrorist Attacks on the United States". DETE press release. Archived from the original on November 20, 2007. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
  431. McDonald, Henry (April 23, 2006). "Gadaffi sued by 160 victims of IRA". The Guardian. London. Retrieved May 7, 2008.
  432. Bell, J Bowyer (1997). The Secret Army: The IRA. Piscataway: Transaction Publishers. p. 702. ISBN 1-56000-901-2., "The most dreadful of all the IRA errors came first with the Remembrance Day bombing in Enniskillen in November 1987: the Poppy Day Massacre" (Page 591)
  433. "Michael Stone: Loyalist icon". CNN. November 24, 2006. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
  434. "Stone Murdered At Funeral". Sky News. November 24, 2006. Archived from the original on July 4, 2007. Retrieved March 6, 2008.
  435. Barth, Kelly (2003). The Tiananmen Square Massacre. Greenhaven Press. p. 124. ISBN 0-7377-1176-0.
  436. Cheng, Chu-Yuan (1990). Behind the Tiananmen Massacre: Social, Political, and Economic Ferment in China. Westview Press. p. 292. ISBN 0-8133-1047-4.
  437. "1989: a suppressed discussion reopened". Panama News. October 8, 2017.
  438. "The Latest: Noriega called 'most sinister' in Panama". Fox News. Associated Press. May 30, 2017.
  439. Zeballos, Emilia (October 3, 2014). "Masacre de Albrook, en el olvido de los panameños" [The Albrook massacre forgotten by Panamanians]. El Siglo (in Spanish). Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  440. Diaz, Juan Manuel (October 4, 2015). "En memoria de los caídos en la masacre de Albrook" [In memory of those fallen in the Albrook massacre]. La Prensa (in Spanish). Retrieved November 13, 2016.
  441. Johnson, Tim (July 6, 2015). "Panama's former dictator Manuel Noriega trying to get out of prison". The Sydney Morning Herald. Australia. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  442. "El ex general sólo merece la cárcel, según los familiares de sus víctimas" [The ex-general only deserves jail, according to the families of his victims]. El Mundo. Spain. December 11, 2011. Retrieved November 21, 2016.
  443. Buchignani, Walter (December 8, 1989). "Amid the tragedy, miracles of survival". The Gazette. Montreal. pp. A3.
  444. Rathjen, Heidi; Montpetit, Charles (1999). December 6th: From the Montreal Massacre to Gun Control. Toronto: McClelland & Stewart. ISBN 0-7710-6125-0.
  445. Rakobowchuk, Peter (September 14, 2006). "Lessons learned from 1989 Montreal massacre help save lives at Dawson college". Canadian Press. Archived from the original on August 29, 2007.
  446. "Welcome to UTHRJ: Report 7, Chapter 4". www.uthr.org. Archived from the original on April 29, 2009. Retrieved February 7, 2009.
  447. "HRW report – Sri Lanka". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved February 2, 2007.
  448. "Graveyard for Disappeared Persons – Statistic for Batticaloa district".
  449. Hoole, Ranjan (2001). Sri Lanka: The Arrogance of Power: Myths, Decadence & Murder. University Teachers for Human Rights. ISBN 955-9447-04-1. p.378–397
  450. Lawrence, Patricia (2001). The Ocean of Stories; Children's Imagination, Creativity, and Reconciliation in Eastern Sri Lanka. International Centre for Ethnic Studies. ISBN 955-580-076-6. p.40
  451. McDermott (edit), Rachel Fell (2008). Encountering Kali: In the Margins, at the Center, in the West. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-23240-2. p.121
  452. Hoole, Ranjan. "The massacre at Sathurukondan: 9th September 1990". University Teachers for Human Rights. Archived from the original on April 29, 2009. Retrieved January 26, 2009.
  453. Caron, Cynthia (March 15–21, 2003). "Floundering Peace Process: Need to Widen Participation". Economic and Political Weekly. 38 (11): 1029–1031. JSTOR 4413336.
  454. "Hours Of Terror End". Otago Daily Times. November 15, 1990. p. 1.
  455. "Aramoana Massacre –". Nzterritory.com. November 13, 1990. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  456. "Aramoana movie will bring back the tears Archived July 20, 2011, at the Wayback Machine". Wairarapa Times-Age.
  457. Jones, Lea (November 5, 2005). "Return to Aramoana". The New Zealand Herald. Otago Daily Times. Retrieved October 15, 2011.
  458. Somaliland: Democratisation and Its Discontents. International Crisis Group. 2003.
  459. London (February 4, 2012). "4th February is the Anniversary of Genocide in Dilla and Borama by SNM by Suleiman Abdi Dugsiye". Codka, shacabka, SSC, wararkii ugu dambeeyey. Retrieved May 21, 2019.
  460. Refugees, United Nations High Commissioner for. "Refworld | Somalia: Information 1) on the current situation of the Gadabursi in Somalia and in Somaliland, on the actions taken against them by other clans and on their current relationship with the Hawiye and the Issaq". Refworld. Retrieved May 21, 2019. In February 1991, "ethnic cleansing" by the SNM took place in the Boroma region, the main Gadabursi town
  461. Hayes, Thomas C (October 17, 1991). "Gunman Kills 22 and Himself in Texas Cafeteria". The New York Times. Retrieved August 15, 2007.
  462. Chin, Paula. "A Texas Massacre". People.com. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  463. "Memories of Luby's massacre in wake of Fort Hood shooting". Archived from the original on November 9, 2009. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  464. Sullivan, Andrew (November 6, 2009). "Killeen's Other Massacre – The Daily Dish". Andrewsullivan.theatlantic.com. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  465. "Luby's Massacre Remains Among Nation's Worst Mass Shootings". Kwtx.com. Archived from the original on April 8, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  466. The Trial of Fujimori Archived July 26, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
  467. . October 23, 2017 https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~rgwhitma/classweb2/Santa%20Cruz%20Massacre.html. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  468. "South Sudan: White Army 'abandons war march' on Bor town". bbcnews.com. December 29, 2013. Retrieved December 29, 2013.
  469. Croatia massacre trial under way", BBC News, 11 October 2005
  470. Vukovar massacre: What happened", BBC News, June 13, 2003
  471. "ICTY Indictment" (PDF). Un.org. March 5, 2007. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 17, 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  472. "Serbian Court Finds 14 Guilty In '91 Massacre Of Croatians". Reuters. December 13, 2005 – via The New York Times.
  473. "Letter from the Charge d'affaires a.i. of the Permanent Mission of Azerbaijan to the United Nations Office". Unhchr.ch. Archived from the original on February 17, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  474. Human Rights Watch/ Helsinki. Azerbaijan: Seven Years of Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh. New York. 1994.
  475. Thomas De Waal, Black Garden: Armenia and Azerbaijan through Peace and War, NYU Press, 2004, ISBN 0-8147-1945-7. Chapter 11. August 1991 – May 1992: War Breaks Out.
  476. Smolowe, Jill (March 16, 1992). "TIME Magazine – Tragedy Massacre in Khojaly". Time.com. Archived from the original on February 28, 2005. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  477. http://www.sairr.org.za/press-office/institute-opinion/the-truth-commission2019s-chickens-come-home-to-roost.html/?searchterm%3DBoipatong. Retrieved February 6, 2016. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  478. Krauss, Clifford (September 14, 2001). "Peru, Pressing Japan, Issues an Order for Fujimori's Arrest". The New York Times.
  479. Daily Report: Central Eurasia, Issues 209–218, The Service, 1993, p. 8.
  480. О выявленных фактах политики этнической чистки/геноцида, проводимой на территории Абхазии, Грузия, и необходимости передачи виновных лиц в руки правосудия в соответствии с международными принципами надлежащего судебного процесса. заключение Гос. комис. Грузии по установлению фактов политики этнич. чистки-геноцида, проводимой в отношении груз. населения Абхазии, Грузия, и передаче материалов в Междунар. трибунал (in Russian). О-во грузин в России. 1997.
  481. Budapest Declaration and Geneva Declaration on Ethnic Cleansing of Georgians in Abkhazia between 1992–1993 adopted by the OSCE and recognized as ethnic cleansing in 1994 and 1999
  482. The Guns of August 2008, Russia's War in Georgia, Svante Cornell & Frederick Starr, p 27
  483. Anatol Lieven, "Victorious Abkhazian Army Settles Old Scores in An Orgy of Looting, The Times, October 4, 1993
  484. In Georgia, Tales of Atrocities Lee Hockstander, International Herald Tribune, October 22, 1993
  485. The Human Rights Field Operation: Law, Theory and Practice, Abkhazia Case, Michael O'Flaherty
  486. The Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, Michael Bourdeaux, p. 237
  487. Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union: Russian and American Perspectives, Alekseĭ Georgievich Arbatov, p. 388
  488. On Ruins of Empire: Ethnicity and Nationalism in the Former Soviet Union Georgiy I. Mirsky, p. 72
  489. "Georgia – History". Nationsencyclopedia.com. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  490. Freedom in the World: The Annual Survey of Political Rights and Civil Liberties by Roger Kaplan, p 564
  491. Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Caucasus, p 174
  492. The Politics of Religion in Russia and the New States of Eurasia, by Michael Bourdeaux, p. 238
  493. Chervonnaia, Svetlana Mikhailovna. Conflict in the Caucasus: Georgia, Abkhazia, and the Russian Shadow. Gothic Image Publications, 1994.
  494. Small Nations and Great Powers: A Study of Ethnopolitical Conflict in the Soviet Union, Svante E. Cornell
  495. Tamaz Nadareishvili, Conspiracy Against Georgia, Tbilisi, 2002
  496. Human Rights Watch Helsinki, Vol 7, No 7, March 1995, p 230
  497. Crossroads and Conflict: Security and Foreign Policy in the Caucasus and Central Asia, Gary K. Bertsch, Page 161
  498. Clifford L. Linedecker, Massacre at Waco, Texas (July 1993). Moore, Carol, The Davidian Massacre: Disturbing Questions About Waco Which Must Be Answered (1995).
  499. Clifford L. Linedecker, Massacre at Waco: The Shocking True Story of Cult Leader David Koresh and the Branch Davidians, St. Martin's Press, 1993.
    • Brad Bailey and Bob Darden, Mad Man in Waco: The Complete Story of the Davidian Cult, David Koresh and the Waco Massacre, WRS Publishing, 1993.
    • James R. Lewis, From the Ashes: Making Sense of Waco, Rowman & Littlefield, 1994, p.3.
    • Dick J. Reavis, The Ashes of Waco: An Investigation, Syracuse University Press, 1998, p. 14.
    • James McEnteer, Deep in the Heart: The Texas Tendency in American Politics, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2004, p. 165.
  500. Tom Hennigan, Tribe flees to escape contact with world, The Times, May 18, 2005
  501. James Brooke, Brazil's Outrage Intensifies As Toll in Massacre Hits 73, The New York Times, August 23, 1993
  502. "Victims of Sivas Massacre Commemorated – Bianet". Bianet.org. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  503. "Turkey commemorates 15th anniversary of Sivas massacre". Hurriyet.com.tr. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  504. "Article page – Centre for Islamic Pluralism". Islamicpluralism.eu. April 23, 2009. Archived from the original on April 19, 2012. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  505. "Turkish minister remembers victims of Başbağlar massacre". Hürriyet Daily News. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  506. "Başbağlar, one of PKK's bloodiest massacres, remembered". Daily Sabah. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  507. Starrett, Ian (October 30, 2003). "Greysteel massacre turned trick or treat into a night of horror". The News Letter. Belfast.
  508. "'I feared my brother had been killed' – horror of Greysteel massacre recalled". Derry Journal. February 27, 2007. Retrieved January 28, 2008.
  509. "Victims' relatives criticise MLA". The Irish News. Belfast. October 22, 2007. Archived from the original on September 4, 2015. Retrieved January 28, 2008.
  510. "The leaders of one tribe now represent the hopes of another". Irish Examiner. March 13, 2007. Archived from the original on March 10, 2008. Retrieved January 28, 2008.
  511. Sales, Rosemary (1997). Women Divided: Gender, Religion and Politics in Northern Ireland. Routledge. p. 192. ISBN 978-0-415-13765-2.
  512. Lister, David & Jordan, Hugh (2004). Mad Dog: The Rise And Fall of Johnny Adair and 'C Company'. Mainstream Publishing. p. 173. ISBN 978-1-84018-890-5.
  513. McDonand, Henry & Cusack, Jim (2004). UDA: Inside The Heart of Loyalist Terror. Penguin Books. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-84488-020-1.
  514. "The Tablet – Inside the mind of terrorists". Thetablet.co.uk. October 31, 1993. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  515. Worldpress.org May 14, 2002
  516. United Nations Archived May 30, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Report of the Special Committee to Investigate Israeli Practices Affecting the Human Rights of the Palestinian People and Other Arabs of the Occupied Territories, September 23, 2002
  517. Aljazeera.net Archived August 29, 2007, at the Wayback Machine February 15, 2005
  518. Piven, Jeremy S. (2002). Terror and Apocalypse Psychological Undercurrents of History, Volume II. Writer's Showcase Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-0-595-21874-5.
  519. Hoffman, Bruce (1999). Insider Terrorism. Columbia University Press. p. 103. ISBN 978-0-231-11469-1.
  520. "An Anatomy of the Massacres", Ait-Larbi, Ait-Belkacem, Belaid, Nait-Redjam, and Soltani, in An Inquiry into the Algerian Massacres, ed. Bedjaoui, Aroua, and Ait-Larbi, Hoggar: Geneva 1999.
  521. "Wanton and Senseless? The Logic of Massacres in Algeria" Archived March 4, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Stathis N. Kalyvas, Rationality and Society, Vol. 11, No. 3, 243–285 (1999)
  522. "I saw Algerian soldiers massacre civilians". Algeria-watch.org. February 14, 2001. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  523. "Algeria: Amnesty Article, 5/16/98". Africa.upenn.edu. May 16, 1998. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  524. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on January 4, 2011. Retrieved February 6, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  525. Kalyvas, Stathis N. "Wanton and Senseless?: The Logic of Massacres in Algeria" Archived September 12, 2008, at the Wayback Machine Rationality and Society 1999; 11: "The most important evidence comes from testimonies of survivors who were able to identify local Islamists among the attackers (see below). In fact, survivors who openly accuse the army for its failure to intervene also expressed no doubt about the identity of the killers, pointing to the Islamist guerrillas (e.g. Tuquoi 1997). Moreover, some of the troubling aspects of this story can be explained without reference to an army conspiracy. For example, in civil wars prisoners tend to be killed on the spot rather than taken prisoner (Laqueur 1998).11 Militiamen, the most likely to capture guerrillas, have openly stated that they took no prisoners (AI 1997b: 17). Journalists working in the field have found credible testimonies in support of the thesis that most massacres are organized by the rebels (Leclère 1997; Tuquoi 1997 among others). European foreign ministries believe that it is Islamist guerrillas who are responsible for the massacres (Observer 9 February 1998). Although, it is impossible to know the full truth at this point (see Charef 1998), the assumption that many massacres were committed by the Islamist guerrillas seems plausible and is widely adopted by area experts (Addi 1998: 44) and other authors (Smith 1998: 27). Likewise, the reluctance of the army to intervene and stop some of these massacres is also beyond doubt."
  526. "Archived copy". Archived from the original on February 17, 2005. Retrieved February 6, 2016.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  527. Archived April 20, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
  529. O'Brien, Brendan. The Long War: The IRA and Sinn Féin. Syracuse University Press, 1999. Page 314.
  530. Elliott, Sydney. Conflict in Northern Ireland: an encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 1999. Page 350.
  531. Sluka, Jeffry. Death Squad: The Anthropology of State Terror. University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. Page 141.
  532. Cusack, Jim. UVF. Poolbeg, 1997. Page 317.
  533. "The UVF's catalogue of atrocities". BBC News. June 18, 2009. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  534. The Economist newspaper, June 25, 1994, Pages 25–26
  535. "Sutton Index of Deaths, 1994". Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN). Retrieved February 19, 2010.
  536. Das, Asit (November 19, 2011). "Armed Forces(Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) And Irom Sharmila's Struggle For Justice". Counter Currents. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
  537. "1994 isn't just a number". The Morung Express. September 22, 2011. Retrieved December 8, 2021.
  538. "Members of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad Arrested, Charged with Racketeering and Conspiracy to Provide Support to Terrorists", United States Department of Justice, February 20, 2003. "...1995 murder of 22 people in a double suicide bombing at Beit Lid, Israel...".
  539. "But after the Beit Lid massacre, the government approved the construction and sale of 4000 units in occupied land around Jerusalem." Beyer, Lisa. "Can Peace Survive", Time, February 6, 1995.
  540. "When Arafat called Rabin to express his condolences on the Beit Lid massacre, the prime minister was understandably furious." Karsh, Efraim, Arafat's War: The Man and His Battle for Israeli Conquest, Grove Press, 2003, p. 116. ISBN 0-8021-1758-9
  541. "The reaction of peace processors in Jerusalem and Washington to the Beit Lid massacre, in which Islamic suicide bombers wiped out a score of Israelis, has been shock, anger, sorrow – but a determination that terrorist attacks not be allowed to stop the peace process." Safire, William. "Essay; Responding to Terror", The New York Times, January 26, 1995.
  542. "President Ezer Weizman, a super-dove who initially supported the agreement wholeheartedly, called for a temporary suspension of talks following the Beit Lid massacre on January 22 and again after the February 6 killing in Gaza." Bar-Ilan, David. "Rain of terror – Israeli politics" Archived October 16, 2015, at the Wayback Machine, National Review, March 6, 1995, p. 2.
  543. Naleo, Villo (August 23, 2016). "Nagaland: Remembering Truthfully and Forgiving Generously". Eastern Mirror. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  544. "Nagaland Timeline - Year 1995". South Asia Terrorism Portal. Retrieved December 5, 2021.
  545. "BBC news article, on this day (13th March)". BBC News. March 13, 1996. Retrieved January 6, 2010.
  546. Lyall, Sarah (October 17, 1996). "Britain May Forbid Private Ownership Of Most Handguns". The New York Times. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
  547. "British Push For Stricter Gun Control Laws". Time. March 18, 1996. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
  548. "Scottish town mourns loss of little ones". CNN. March 14, 1996. Archived from the original on May 15, 2007. Retrieved February 6, 2008.
  549. "A danegrous mind: what turned Martin Bryant into a mass murderer". The Age. Melbourne.
  550. BBC News July 31, 2006
  551. Fisk, Robert (May 6, 1996). "Massacre film puts Israel in dock". The Independent. London. Retrieved June 4, 2013.
  552. The growing political ties with Israel Lebanon Daily Mirror
  553. Dignitaries, officials mark 12th anniversary of Qana massacre Sri Lanka Daily Star
  554. Gaza media: It's Palestine's Qana massacre YNetnews.com
  555. "Middle East History of Israel's role in Lebanon" BBC, April 1, 1998
  556. "Human Rights Watch "Operation Grapes of Wrath" The Civilian Victims". Hrw.org. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  557. "Israel/Lebanon: Unlawful killings during operation 'Grapes of Wrath'". Amnesty International. July 23, 1996: 16. Retrieved April 19, 2011. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  558. American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 23:3 (2006), p. 146.
  559. Lidster, Suzanne (September 10, 2002). "China's 'war on terror'". BBC News.
  560. "China Uighurs executed". BBC News. January 27, 1998.
  561. "youtube video". Channel 4 (UK). Archived from the original on December 11, 2021.
  562. "Rebiya Kadeer – Not the Torch of Liberty –". Washingtonpost.com. April 1, 2008. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  563. "Remembering the Ghulja Massacre". Uyghuramerican.org. Archived from the original on November 25, 2011. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  564. "World Uyghur Congress|The Ghulja Massacre "We refuse to forget" (2006.02.05)". Uyghurcongress.org. Archived from the original on January 27, 2018. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  565. "Solidly ahead of oil, Suez Canal revenues, and remittances, tourism is Egypt's main hard currency earner at $6.5 billion per year." (in 2005) ... concerns over tourism's future Archived September 24, 2013, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved September 27, 2007.
  566. Alan Cowell, 'At Swiss Airport, 36 Dead, Home from Luxor,' New York Times, November 20, 1997,
  567. Douglas Jehl, 'At Ancient Site Along the Nile, Modern Horror, New York Times, November 19, 1997
  568. "The Acteal Massacre – Chiapas Mexico – December 22, 1997". Libertadlatina.org. Associated Press. December 22, 2003. Archived from the original on March 30, 2013. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  569. "Mexico Court Frees Nine Accused in Massacre – Christian World News – CBN News – Christian News 24–7 –". Cbn.com. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  570. "Document – Mexico: The Acteal massacre—one year on and still no justice|Amnesty International". Amnesty.org. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  571. Richard Needham, Battling for Peace (November 30, 1998), p. 328.
  572. "Our twin-track move to brand new lives" The Belfast Telegraph, January 25, 2008.
  573. "Anonymous caller warned of blast 11 days earlier, says Ombudsman; OMAGH MASSACRE: Report finds details of warning did not emerge for almost two years and that police investigation into killings had serious shortcomings" "Western Mail", December 7, 2001. Retrieved: 2012-05-07.
  574. "MASSACRE AT OMAGH: A pathetic excuse for an apology" The Mirror, August 19, 1998.
  575. "Omagh massacre film to be premiered" Belfast Telegraph, May 7, 2004.
  576. "Bravery awards for bomb helpers". BBC News. November 17, 1999. Retrieved March 14, 2007.
  577. Omagh bomb attack 'was massacre' BBC News, April 7, 2008.
  578. Jet 95:23 (May 10, 1999), p. 51.
  579. Toppo, Greg (April 14, 2009). "10 years later, the real story behind Columbine, 2009". Usatoday.com. Retrieved April 16, 2013.
  580. "CPM brings terror charge against Trinamul". The Statesman. Kolkata. April 23, 2003. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved September 14, 2007.
  581. "Editorial: Attack in Nanoor". The Statesman. Kolkata. May 20, 2005. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved September 14, 2007.
  582. "CPM ticket for Nanoor massacre accused". The Statesman. Kolkata. April 18, 2003. Archived from the original on April 30, 2008. Retrieved September 14, 2007.
  583. Goldenberg, Suzanne. "Suicide bomb massacre at Israeli beach disco". The Guardian.
  584. "The Gulbarg Society massacre: What happened". New Delhi: NDTV. March 11, 2010. Retrieved May 15, 2010.
  585. "Safehouse Of Horrors". Tehelka. New Delhi. November 3, 2007. Archived from the original on January 4, 2013. Retrieved May 15, 2010.
  586. "Apex court SIT submits report on Gulbarg Society massacre". The Hindustan Times. May 14, 2010. Archived from the original on June 6, 2011. Retrieved May 15, 2010.
  587. "Alleged Passover massacre plotter arrested", CNN, March 26, 2008.
  588. Ohad Gozani, "Hotel blast survivors relive the Passover massacre", The Daily Telegraph, March 29, 2002.
  589. "This reached a peak following the Passover massacre in the seaside resort of Netanya..." David Newman, "The consequence or the cause? Impact on the Israel-Palestine Peace Process", in Mary E. A. Buckley, Mary Buckley, Rick Fawn. Global Responses to Terrorism: 9/11, the War in Afghanistan, and Beyond, Routledge, 2003, ISBN 0-415-31429-1, p. 158.
  590. "They faced stiff resistance from Palestinian gunmen who began preparing the camp's defenses as early as the Passover massacre in Netanya..." Todd C. Helmus, Russell W. Glenn. Steeling the Mind: Combat Stress Reactions and Their Implications for Urban Warfare Rand Corporation, 2005, ISBN 0-8330-3702-1, p. 58.
  591. "It can therefore be asked whether the 'human bomb' offensive starting with the Passover massacre on 27 March 2002..." Brigitte L. Nacos, "The Terrorist Calculus Behind 9–11: A Model for Future Terrorism?" in Gus Martin. The New Era of Terrorism: Selected Readings, Sage Publications Inc, 2004, ISBN 0-7619-8873-4, p. 176.
  592. "Wedding party massacre | World news". The Guardian. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  593. "'Wedding video' contradicts US denials | World news". The Guardian. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  594. "Domain gesperrt". www.ceca-raznatovic.com. Archived from the original on September 12, 2011.
  595. "Woman injured in 2004 Russian siege dies". The Boston Globe. December 8, 2006. Archived from the original on October 17, 2007. Retrieved January 9, 2007.
  596. "Putin meets angry Beslan mothers". BBC News. September 2, 2005. Retrieved July 28, 2006.
  597. Arnold, Chloe (June 4, 2005). "Beslan mothers' futile quest for relief". BBC News. Retrieved May 8, 2010.
  598. Menges, Werner. "Record jail terms in massacre trial". The Namibian.
  599. Damaseb, Petrus (July 27, 2011). "S[tate] v Neidel and Others (CC 21/2006)". Southern African Legal Information Institute (SAFLII). Archived from the original on June 4, 2013. Retrieved February 14, 2012.
  600. Preliminary findings on the events in Andijan Archived November 11, 2009, at the Wayback Machine Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, June 2005
  601. "Documenting Andijan" Archived September 16, 2008, at the Wayback Machine, Council for Foreign Relations, June 26, 2006.
  602. "Israeli Government Bears Responsibility for Shfaram Massacre". August 7, 2005. Archived from the original on October 2, 2013. Retrieved August 4, 2013.
  603. Watson, R.T.; Donati, Jessica (October 23, 2019). "U.S. Soldiers' War Crime Gets Hollywood Treatment". WSJ. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  604. Seattle Post-Intelligencer http://www.seattlepi.com/local/264412_shoottimeline26ww.html. {{cite news}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  605. "Report of the Virginia Tech Review Panel". Commonwealth of Virginia. Archived from the original on October 1, 2008. Retrieved September 16, 2008.Cho shot and wounded a further 17 people and caused injury to 6 others as they tried to flee.
  606. "Fact File: Deadliest shootings in the U.S." NBC News. Retrieved September 16, 2008. Note: there have been several deadlier shootings in U.S. history, but not by a single gunman, and not on a school campus.
  607. "Bilge Köyü katliamı sanığı: Asla pişman değilim". Posta. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  608. Edis, Şeyhmus (May 6, 2009). "Family dispute leads to massacre in Mardin". Today's Zaman. pp. 1, 17. Archived from the original on May 11, 2009. Retrieved May 6, 2009.
  609. Hochzeits-Massaker – Täter wollten ganze Sippe auslöschen Focus (German), May 6, 2009
  610. Massaker im Namen der Ehre Die Zeit (German), May 6, 2009
  611. "Guinea: September 28 Massacre Was Premeditated". Human Rights Watch. Retrieved October 27, 2009.
  612. "After the Fort Hood Massacre". The Wall Street Journal.
  613. "Was Fort Hood Massacre a Terrorist Act or a Man Who Snapped?" Archived October 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. The O'Reilly Factor. FOX News.
  614. "Fort Hood Shooter Tried to Contact al Qaeda Terrorists, Officials Say". ABC News.
  615. "Sen. Joe Lieberman calls Fort Hood massacre a 'terrorist' act" Archived January 18, 2010, at the Wayback Machine. Daily News (New York).
  616. "Fort Hood massacre: Barack Obama would have to sign death warrant" Daily Telegraph.
  617. "Massacre shocks those who knew the shooter". Archived from the original on November 17, 2009. Retrieved November 17, 2009.. Vancouver Sun.
  618. Maguindanao massacre, The Philippine Star, November 24, 2009
  619. Death toll in Maguindanao massacre now 57, GMANews.TV, November 25, 2009
  620. Toll Rising in Philippines Massacre, NYTimes.com, November 25, 2009
  621. Clan allied to Philippine president suspected of being behind massacre, guardian.co.uk, November 25, 2009
  622. Innocent motorists among Ampatuan massacre victims, GMANews.TV, November 25, 2009
  623. Connolly, Kate (February 19, 2018). "Utøya massacre re-enactment stuns Berlin audiences". The Guardian. Retrieved July 6, 2019.
  624. Flynn, Sean (July 30, 2012). "Anders Breivik: The Fully Story of Norway's Utøya Massacre". GQ. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  625. "Hundreds dead' in South Sudan cattle raids". Sudan Tribune. Archived from the original on August 29, 2011. Retrieved August 23, 2011.
  626. 中国13名船员在泰国境内惨遭劫杀. China.com (in Chinese). 10 October 2011. Archived from the original on 9 December 2011. Retrieved 16 August 2012.
  627. "Laos extradites suspect to China in Mekong massacre case". Chicago Tribune. May 10, 2012. Retrieved August 16, 2012.
  628. Ferrie, Jared (December 27, 2011). "United Nations Urges South Sudan to Help Avert Possible Attack". Bloomberg. Retrieved December 27, 2011.
  629. "In South Sudan, massacre of 3000 is reported". New York Times. Retrieved November 23, 2016.
  630. Heinz, Emily (April 30, 2012). "Robert Bales' Family, Soldier Charged With Murdering 16 Afghan Civilians, Gets Help From Veterans Group". Huffington Post. Retrieved May 16, 2012.
  631. "U.S. Soldier Accused of Killing 17 Afghans, Including Women and Children". ABC News. March 11, 2012. Retrieved March 26, 2012.
  632. "The Houla massacre". Japan Times. June 5, 2012. Retrieved June 5, 2012.
  633. Copnall, James (December 24, 2013). "South Sudan sees 'mass ethnic killings'". BBC. Retrieved December 24, 2013.
  634. SOUTH SUDAN SAYS MASSACRE TOLL UP TO 400, america.aljazeera.com.
  635. "Church Massacre Suspect Held as Charleston Grieves". The New York Times. June 18, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
  636. Connor, Tracy (July 7, 2015). "Dylann Roof Indicted for Murder in Charleston Church Massacre". NBC News. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
  637. "Nine dead in Charleston church massacre". MSNBC. June 17, 2015. Retrieved November 12, 2015.
  638. Corasaniti, Nick; Pérez-Peña, Richard; Alvarez, Lizette (June 18, 2015). "Church Massacre Suspect Held as Charleston Grieves". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved May 5, 2019.
  639. Louise Mensch, "France 'Suppressed Reports of Gruesome Torture' at Bataclan Massacre," July 15, 2016. "Bataclan theatre massacre" in Brad Taylor, Ring of Fire (January 2017), p. 102.
  640. "Paris attacks were carried out by three groups tied to Islamic State, official says". Washington Post.
  641. "Orlando Sees Worst Mass Shooting On U.S. Soil: What We Know Monday". NPR.org.
  642. "Waziristan: Staring at the sun". Asian News International. June 24, 2019. Retrieved June 24, 2019.
  643. "Pakistan's Tribal Areas Are Still Waiting for Justice as Army Tightens Grip". The New York Times. June 11, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2019.
  644. "Massacre toll in Mali revised down to 35". Retrieved June 11, 2019.
  645. "A new round of violence in Mali". The Economist. July 3, 2019. Retrieved March 14, 2021.
  646. "At least 95 killed in attack on ethnic Dogon village in central Mali". France 24. June 10, 2019. Retrieved June 10, 2019.
  647. "How an 'execution-style' massacre unfolded in Cameroon". The New Humanitarian. March 3, 2020. Retrieved March 18, 2021.
  648. "These civilians died in Israeli raid on their homes in Gaza City". Al-Monitor: The Pulse of the Middle East. May 19, 2021. Retrieved January 27, 2022. in an attack the Palestinians have dubbed the “Al-Wehda massacre.”
  649. Holmes, Oliver (May 22, 2021). "We don't recognise our own city: Israeli barrage redraws the map of Gaza". The Guardian. Retrieved January 27, 2022. All that remained was a three-storey-high internal staircase at the back. A sign has been erected with the names of the dead and “Al-Wehda massacre” written on it in Arabic.
  650. "Demirtaş'tan Konya katliamı açıklaması: Nedeni hükümetin ayırımcı politikaları, hedef gösteren dilidir". birgun.net (in Turkish). Retrieved August 2, 2021.
  651. "Konya massacre: 'Turkey must confront racist hatred'". Bianet. August 2, 2021. Retrieved August 2, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  652. "Indian troops kill 14 civilians in weekend incidents, spurring demands for repeal of special powers in some regions". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved December 7, 2021.
  653. "Save the Children staff confirmed dead in Myanmar massacre". CTVNews. December 28, 2021. Retrieved December 28, 2021.
  654. "Death toll in attacks in Nigeria's Zamfara state around 200 - residents". National Post. January 8, 2022. Retrieved January 20, 2022.
  655. "Everything we know so far about Ukraine hospital bombing". The Week UK. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  656. "Kramatorsk train station massacre sparks international outrage". Le Monde.fr. April 10, 2022. Retrieved April 19, 2022.
  • Mikaberidze, Alexander (2013). "Chronology of massacres and war crimes". Atrocities, Massacres, and War Crimes: An Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. pp. 773–766. ISBN 978-1-59884-926-4.
  • World History Database, Alphabetic Listing of Battles Index of World battles.
  • Radford, Robert, Great Historical Battles. An extensive list of important battles and influential leaders, from −490 BC to present times.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.