List of natural satellites

The Solar System's planets, and its most likely dwarf planets, are known to be orbited by at least 219 natural satellites, or moons. At least 19 of them are large enough to be gravitationally rounded; of these, all are covered by a crust of ice except for Earth's Moon and Jupiter's Io.[1] Several of the largest ones are in hydrostatic equilibrium and would therefore be considered dwarf planets or planets if they were in direct orbit around the Sun and not in their current states (orbiting planets or dwarf planets).

This article is about the moons of planets and dwarf planets in the Solar System. For other asteroid or minor-planet moons, see Minor-planet moon.

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Moons are classed in two separate categories according to their orbits: regular moons, which have prograde orbits (they orbit in the direction of their planets' rotation) and lie close to the plane of their equators, and irregular moons, whose orbits can be pro- or retrograde (against the direction of their planets' rotation) and often lie at extreme angles to their planets' equators. Irregular moons are probably minor planets that have been captured from surrounding space. Most irregular moons are less than 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) in diameter.

The earliest published discovery of a moon other than the Earth's was by Galileo Galilei, who discovered the four Galilean moons orbiting Jupiter in 1610. Over the following three centuries only a few more moons were discovered. Missions to other planets in the 1970s, most notably the Voyager 1 and 2 missions, saw a surge in the number of moons detected, and observations since the year 2000, using mostly large, ground-based optical telescopes, have discovered many more, all of which are irregular.

Moons by primary
Some moons, minor planets and comets of the Solar System to scale
Selected moons, with Earth to scale. Nineteen moons are large enough to be round, and one, Titan, has a substantial atmosphere.
The number of moons discovered in each year until November 2019

Mercury, the smallest and innermost planet, has no moons, or at least none that can be detected to a diameter of 1.6 km (1.0 mi).[2] For a very short time in 1974, Mercury was thought to have a moon.

Venus also has no moons,[3] though reports of a moon around Venus have circulated since the 17th century.

Earth has one Moon, the largest moon of any rocky planet in the Solar System. Earth also has more than 20 known co-orbitals, including the asteroids 3753 Cruithne and 469219 Kamoʻoalewa, and the occasional temporary satellite, like 2020 CD3; however, since they do not permanently orbit Earth, they are not considered moons. (See Other moons of Earth and Quasi-satellite.)

Mars has two known moons, Phobos and Deimos ("fear" and "dread", after attendants of Ares, the Greek god of war, equivalent to the Roman Mars). Searches for more satellites have been unsuccessful, putting the maximum radius of any other satellites at 90 m (100 yd).[4]

Jupiter has 80 moons with known orbits; 72 of them have received permanent designations, and 57 have been named. Its eight regular moons are grouped into the planet-sized Galilean moons and the far smaller Amalthea group. They are named after lovers of Zeus, the Greek equivalent of Jupiter. Its 72 known irregular moons are organized into two categories: prograde and retrograde. The prograde satellites consist of the Himalia group and three others in groups of one. The retrograde moons are grouped into the Carme, Ananke and Pasiphae groups.

Saturn has 83 moons with known orbits; 66 of them have received permanent designations, and 53 have been named. Most of them are quite small. Seven moons are large enough to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, including Titan, the second largest moon in the Solar System. Including these large moons, 24 of Saturn's moons are regular, and traditionally named after Titans or other figures associated with the mythological Saturn. The remaining 59, all small, are irregular, and classified by their orbital characteristics into Inuit, Norse, and Gallic groups, and their names are chosen from the corresponding mythologies. The rings of Saturn are made up of icy objects ranging in size from one centimetre to hundreds of metres, each of which is on its own orbit about the planet. Thus a precise number of Saturnian moons cannot be given, as there is no objective boundary between the countless small anonymous objects that form Saturn's ring system and the larger objects that have been named as moons. At least 150 "moonlets" embedded in the rings have been detected by the disturbance they create in the surrounding ring material, though this is thought to be only a small sample of the total population of such objects.

Uranus has 27 moons, five of which are massive enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium. There are 13 moons that orbit within Uranus's ring system, and another nine outer irregular moons. Unlike most planetary moons, which are named from antiquity, all the moons of Uranus are named after characters from the works of Shakespeare and Alexander Pope's work The Rape of the Lock.

Neptune has 14 moons; the largest, Triton, accounts for more than 99.5 percent of all the mass orbiting the planet. Triton is large enough to have achieved hydrostatic equilibrium, but, uniquely for a large moon, has a retrograde orbit, suggesting it was a dwarf planet that was captured. Neptune also has seven known inner regular satellites, and six outer irregular satellites.

Pluto, a dwarf planet, has five moons. Its largest moon Charon, named after the ferryman who took souls across the River Styx, is more than half as large as Pluto itself, and large enough to orbit a point outside Pluto's surface. In effect, each orbits the other, forming a binary system informally referred to as a double-dwarf-planet. Pluto's four other moons, Nix, Hydra, Kerberos and Styx are far smaller and orbit the Pluto–Charon system.[5]

Among the other dwarf planets, Ceres has no known moons. It is 90 percent certain that Ceres has no moons larger than 1 km in size, assuming that they would have the same albedo as Ceres itself.[6] Eris has one large known moon, Dysnomia. Accurately determining its size is difficult: one indicative estimate of its radius is 350±57.5 km.[7]

Two objects were named as dwarf planets, under the expectation that they would prove to be so (though this remains uncertain). Haumea has two moons, Hiʻiaka and Namaka, of radii ~195 and ~100 km, respectively.[8] Makemake has one moon, discovered in April 2016.

A number of other objects in the Kuiper belt and scattered disk may turn out to be dwarf planets. Orcus, Quaoar, Gonggong, and Sedna are generally agreed to be dwarf planets among astronomers, and all but Sedna are known to have moons.[9] A number of other smaller objects, such as Salacia, Varda, and 2013 FY27, also have moons, although their dwarf planethood is more doubtful. This list includes all objects with best estimated diameter above 700 km, including 2003 AZ84 whose satellite has not been seen since its initial discovery.

As of August 2020, 309 asteroid moons and 119 trans-Neptunian moons (including those of Pluto and the other dwarf planets) had been discovered.[10]

Summary – number of moons
Planet Mercury Venus Earth Mars Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune
Number of moons 0 0 1 2 80 83 27 14
(Possible) dwarf Ceres Orcus 2003 AZ84 Pluto Ixion Salacia 2002 MS4 Haumea Quaoar Make-
make		 Varda 2002 AW197 2013 FY27 Gong-
gong		 Eris Sedna
Number of moons 0 1 1 5 0 1 0 2 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 0
Minor planet
See list

Due to Earth's varying distance from these planets (as well as their distance to the Sun), the limits at which we are able to detect new moons is very inconsistent. As the below graph demonstrates, the absolute magnitude (total inherent brightness, abbreviated H) of moons we have detected around planets peaks at H = 17 for Jupiter, H = 16 for Saturn, H = 13 for Uranus, and H = 11 for Neptune. Smaller moons may (and most likely do) exist around each of these planets, but are currently undetectable from Earth. Although spacecraft have visited all of these planets, Earth-based telescopes continue to outperform them in moon-detection ability.

Planetary moons by absolute magnitude

List

This is a list of the recognized moons of the planets and of the largest potential dwarf planets of the Solar System, ordered by their official Roman numeral designations. Moons that do not yet have official Roman numeral designations (because their orbits are not yet known well enough) are listed after those that do.

The 19 moons that are known to be large enough to have been rounded by their own gravity are listed in bold. The seven largest moons, which are larger than any of the known dwarf planets, are listed in bold and italic. Sidereal period differs from semi-major axis because a moon's speed depends both on the mass of its primary and its distance from it. Angular size from the parent surface actually might differ much depending on the moon location at the given moment and the point where it is observed from the parent surface (and some of these parents might not have a solid surface); the observation point matters especially for moons orbiting very near their parents e.g. Naiad is at average below two times parent radius from the center of Neptune and Cordelia is at average below two times parent radius from the center of Uranus.

Satellites of planets
Satellite of Earth Satellites of Jupiter Satellites of Uranus
Satellites of Mars Satellites of Saturn Satellites of Neptune
Satellites of generally agreed dwarf planets
Satellite of Orcus Satellites of Pluto Satellites of Haumea
Satellite of Quaoar Satellite of Makemake Satellite of Gonggong
Satellite of Eris
Satellites of other dwarf planet candidates
Satellite of 2003 AZ84 Satellite of Salacia Satellite of Varda
Satellite of 2013 FY27
Image Parent Numeral Name Mean radius (km) Orbital semi-major axis (km) Sidereal period (d)
(r = retrograde)		 Angular size from the parent surface [arcmin] Discovery year Discovered by Notes Ref(s)
EarthI (1)Moon1,738384,39927.321582 31.61038[11]Prehistoric—Synchronous rotation[12]
MarsI (1)Phobos11.2679,3800.319 12.932591877Hall[13][14][15]
MarsII (2)Deimos6.2±0.1823,4601.262 2.123971877Hall[13][14][15]
JupiterI (1)Io1,821.6±0.5421,8001.769 35.591901610GalileoMain-group moon (Galilean)[15][16]
JupiterII (2)Europa1,560.8±0.5671,1003.551 17.850081610GalileoMain-group moon (Galilean)[15][16]
JupiterIII (3)Ganymede2,634.1±0.31,070,4007.155 18.101891610GalileoMain-group moon (Galilean)[15][16]
JupiterIV (4)Callisto2,410.3±1.51,882,70016.69 9.141721610GalileoMain-group moon (Galilean)[15][16]
JupiterV (5)Amalthea83.5±2181,4000.498 5.149421892BarnardInner moon (Amalthea)[14][15][17]
JupiterVI (6)Himalia69.811,461,000250.56 0.042131904PerrinePrograde irregular (Himalia)[14][15][18][19]
JupiterVII (7)Elara43 11,741,000259.64 0.025331905PerrinePrograde irregular (Himalia)[14][15][20]
JupiterVIII (8)Pasiphae30 23,624,000743.63 (r) 0.008761908MelotteRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15][21]
JupiterIX (9)Sinope19 23,939,000758.90 (r) 0.005471914NicholsonRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15][22]
JupiterX (10)Lysithea18 11,717,000259.20 0.010631938NicholsonPrograde irregular (Himalia)[14][15][23]
JupiterXI (11)Carme23 23,404,000734.17 (r) 0.006781938NicholsonRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][23]
JupiterXII (12)Ananke14 21,276,000629.77 (r) 0.004541951NicholsonRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][24]
JupiterXIII (13)Leda10 11,165,000240.92 0.006201974KowalPrograde irregular (Himalia)[14][15][25]
JupiterXIV (14)Thebe49.3±2.0221,9000.675 2.230171979Synnott (Voyager 1)Inner moon (Amalthea)[14][15][26]
JupiterXV (15)Adrastea8.2±2.0129,0000.298 0.954141979Jewitt, Danielson (Voyager 1)Inner moon (Amalthea)[14][15][27]
JupiterXVI (16)Metis21.5±2.0128,0000.295 2.544771979Synnott (Voyager 1)Inner moon (Amalthea)[14][15][28]
JupiterXVII (17)Callirrhoe4.5 24,103,000758.77 (r) 0.001292000Scotti, Spahr, McMillan, Larsen, Montani, Gleason, GehrelsRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15][29]
JupiterXVIII (18)Themisto4 7,284,000130.02 0.003811975/2000Kowal and Roemer (original); Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier (rediscovery)Prograde irregular (Themisto)[14][15][30][31]
JupiterXIX (19)Megaclite2.7 23,493,000752.86 (r) 0.000792000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15][32]
JupiterXX (20)Taygete2.5 23,280,000732.41 (r) 0.000742000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXI (21)Chaldene1.9 23,100,000723.72 (r) 0.000572000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXII (22)Harpalyke2.2 20,858,000623.32 (r) 0.000732000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXIII (23)Kalyke2.6 23,483,000742.06 (r) 0.000762000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXIV (24)Iocaste2.6 21,060,000631.60 (r) 0.000852000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXV (25)Erinome1.6 23,196,000728.46 (r) 0.000482000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXVI (26)Isonoe2 23,155,000726.23 (r) 0.000602000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXVII (27)Praxidike3.5 20,908,000625.39 (r) 0.001152000Sheppard, Jewitt, Fernández, Magnier, Dahm, EvansRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][32]
JupiterXXVIII (28)Autonoe2 24,046,000760.95 (r) 0.000572001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)
JupiterXXIX (29)Thyone2 20,939,000627.21 (r) 0.000662001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXX (30)Hermippe2 21,131,000633.9 (r) 0.000652001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXI (31)Aitne1.5 23,229,000730.18 (r) 0.000452001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXII (32)Eurydome1.5 22,865,000717.33 (r) 0.000452001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXIII (33)Euanthe1.5 20,797,000620.49 (r) 0.000502001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXIV (34)Euporie1 19,304,000550.74 (r) 0.000362001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXV (35)Orthosie1 20,720,000622.56 (r) 0.000332001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXVI (36)Sponde1 23,487,000748.34 (r) 0.000292001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXVII (37)Kale1 23,217,000729.47 (r) 0.000302001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXVIII (38)Pasithee1 23,004,000719.44 (r) 0.000302001Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][33]
JupiterXXXIX (39)Hegemone1.5 23,577,000739.88 (r) 0.000442003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15]
JupiterXL (40)Mneme1 21,035,000620.04 (r) 0.000332003Gladman, AllenRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15]
JupiterXLI (41)Aoede2 23,980,000761.50 (r) 0.000582003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15]
JupiterXLII (42)Thelxinoe1 21,164,000628.09 (r) 0.000332003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15]
JupiterXLIII (43)Arche1.5 23,355,000731.95 (r) 0.000442002Sheppard, Meech, Hsieh, Tholen, TonryRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15][33]
JupiterXLIV (44)Kallichore1 23,288,000728.73 (r) 0.000302003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15]
JupiterXLV (45)Helike2 21,069,000626.32 (r) 0.000652003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15]
JupiterXLVI (46)Carpo1.5 17,058,000456.30 0.000612003Sheppard, Gladman, Kavelaars, Petit, Allen, Jewitt, KleynaPrograde irregular (Carpo)[14][15]
JupiterXLVII (47)Eukelade2 23,328,000730.47 (r) 0.000592003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15]
JupiterXLVIII (48)Cyllene1 23,809,000752 (r) 0.000292003Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15]
JupiterXLIX (49)Kore1 24,543,000779.17 (r) 0.000282003Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15]
JupiterL (50)Herse1 22,983,000714.51 (r) 0.000302003Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][15]
JupiterLI (51)S/2010 J 11 23,314,300723.2 (r) 0.000302010Jacobson, Brozović, Gladman, AlexandersenRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
JupiterLII (52)S/2010 J 20.5 20,307,200588.1 (r) 0.000172010VeilletRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLIII (53)Dia2 12,118,000287.0 0.001142000Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehPrograde irregular (Himalia)[34]
JupiterLIV (54)S/2016 J 13 20,595,500602.7 (r) 0.001002016SheppardRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLV (55)S/2003 J 181 20,274,000588.0 (r) 0.000342003Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLVI (56)S/2011 J 20.5 23,329,700726.8 (r) 0.000152011SheppardRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[34]
JupiterLVII (57)Eirene2 23,731,800759.7 (r) 0.000582003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
JupiterLVIII (58)Philophrosyne1 22,820,000701.3 (r) 0.000302003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[34]
JupiterLIX (59)S/2017 J 12 23,484,000734.2 (r) 0.000592017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[34]
JupiterLX (60)Eupheme1 21,199,710627.8 (r) 0.000332003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLXI (61)S/2003 J 191 22,757,000697.6 (r) 0.000302003Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
JupiterLXII (62)Valetudo0.5 18,928,100532.0 0.000182016SheppardPrograde irregular (Valetudo)[34]
JupiterLXIII (63)S/2017 J 21 23,241,000723.8 (r) 0.000302017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
JupiterLXIV (64)S/2017 J 31 20,639,300605.8 (r) 0.000332017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLXV (65)Pandia1.5 11,494,800251.8 (r) 0.000902017SheppardPrograde irregular (Himalia)[34]
JupiterLXVI (66)S/2017 J 51 23,169,400720.5 (r) 0.000302017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
JupiterLXVII (67)S/2017 J 61 22,394,700684.7 (r) 0.000312017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[34]
JupiterLXVIII (68)S/2017 J 71 20,571,500602.8 (r) 0.000342017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLXIX (69)S/2017 J 80.5 23,174,400720.7 (r) 0.000152017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
JupiterLXX (70)S/2017 J 91 21,430,000640.9 (r) 0.000322017SheppardRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[34]
JupiterLXXI (71)Ersa1.511,453,000250.4 (r) 0.000912018SheppardRetrograde irregular (Himalia)[34]
JupiterLXXII (72)S/2011 J 10.5 20,155,300580.7 (r) 0.000172011SheppardRetrograde irregular (Carme)[34]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 21 20,554,400602.02 (r) 0.000342003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 41 22,048,600668.85 (r) 0.000312003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Fernández, HsiehRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 90.5 24,168,700767.6 (r) 0.000142003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Carme)[14][35]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 101 22,896,000707.78 (r) 0.000302003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Carme?)[14][15]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 120.5 21,557,700646.64 (r) 0.000162003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][15]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 161 20,512,500600.18 (r) 0.000342003Gladman, Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Kavelaars, Petit, AllenRetrograde irregular (Ananke)[14][36]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 231 24,678,100792.00 (r) 0.000282003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, FernándezRetrograde irregular (Pasiphae)[14][15]
Jupiter—S/2003 J 243 23,088,000715.4 (r) 0.000902003Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Gladman, Kleyna, VeilletRetrograde irregular (Carme)[37]
SaturnI (1)Mimas198.2±0.4185,5400.942 10.704141789HerschelMain-group moon[14][15]
SaturnII (2)Enceladus252.1±0.2238,0401.370 9.639791789HerschelMain-group moon[14][15]
SaturnIII (3)Tethys533.1±0.7294,6701.888 15.502271684CassiniMain-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)[14][15]
SaturnIV (4)Dione561.4±0.4377,4202.737 12.092881684CassiniMain-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)[14][15]
SaturnV (5)Rhea763.8±1.0527,0704.518 11.201101672CassiniMain-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)[14][15]
SaturnVI (6)Titan2,574.73±0.091,221,87015.95 15.213101655HuygensMain-group moon[14][15]
SaturnVII (7)Hyperion1351,500,88021.28 0.643391848W.Bond, G. Bond, and LassellMain-group moon[14][15]
SaturnVIII (8)Iapetus735.6±1.53,560,84079.33 1.443961671CassiniMain-group moon (Sidera Lodoicea)[14][15]
SaturnIX (9)Phoebe106.5±0.712,947,780550.31 (r) 0.056811899PickeringRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnX (10)Janus89.5±1.4151,4600.695 6.600561966Dollfus; Voyager 1 (confirmed)Inner moon (co-orbital)[14][15]
SaturnXI (11)Epimetheus58.1±1.8151,4100.694 4.287131966Walker; Voyager 1 (confirmed)Inner moon (co-orbital)[14][15]
SaturnXII (12)Helene17.6±0.4377,4202.737 0.379111980Laques, LecacheuxMain-group trojan[14][15]
SaturnXIII (13)Telesto12.4±0.4294,7101.888 0.360521980Smith, Reitsema, Larson, Fountain (Voyager 1)Main-group trojan[14][15]
SaturnXIV (14)Calypso10.7±0.7294,7101.888 0.311101980Pascu, Seidelmann, Baum, CurrieMain-group trojan[14][15]
SaturnXV (15)Atlas15.1±0.9137,6700.602 1.306931980Terrile (Voyager 1)Inner moon (shepherd)[14][15]
SaturnXVI (16)Prometheus43.1±2.7139,3800.613 3.651771980Collins (Voyager 1)Inner moon (shepherd)[14][15]
SaturnXVII (17)Pandora40.7±1.5141,7200.629 3.351771980Collins (Voyager 1)Inner moon (shepherd)[14][15]
SaturnXVIII (18)Pan14.1133,5800.575 1.286621990Showalter (Voyager 2)Inner moon (shepherd)[14][15]
SaturnXIX (19)Ymir9 23,140,4001,315.58 (r) 0.002682000GladmanRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXX (20)Paaliaq11 15,200,000686.95 0.004992000GladmanPrograde irregular (Inuit)[14][15]
SaturnXXI (21)Tarvos7.5 17,983,000926.23 0.002882000Gladman, KavelaarsPrograde irregular (Gallic)[14][15]
SaturnXXII (22)Ijiraq6 11,124,000451.42 0.003732000Gladman, KavelaarsPrograde irregular (Inuit)[14][15]
SaturnXXIII (23)Suttungr3.5 19,459,0001,016.67 (r) 0.001242000Gladman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXIV (24)Kiviuq8 11,110,000449.22 0.004982000GladmanPrograde irregular (Inuit)[14][15]
SaturnXXV (25)Mundilfari3.5 18,628,000952.77 (r) 0.001302000Gladman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXVI (26)Albiorix16 16,182,000783.45 0.006822000Holman, SpahrPrograde irregular (Gallic)[14][15]
SaturnXXVII (27)Skathi4 15,540,000728.20 (r) 0.001782000Gladman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXVIII (28)Erriapus5 17,343,000871.19 0.001992000Gladman, KavelaarsPrograde irregular (Gallic)[14][15]
SaturnXXIX (29)Siarnaq20 18,015,400896.44 0.007662000Gladman, KavelaarsPrograde irregular (Inuit)[14][15]
SaturnXXX (30)Thrymr3.5 20,314,0001,094.11 (r) 0.001192000Gladman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXXI (31)Narvi3.5 19,007,0001,003.86 (r) 0.001272003Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXXII (32)Methone1.45194,4401.010 0.073192004Porco, Charnoz, Brahic, Dones (Cassini–Huygens)Alkyonide moon[15]
SaturnXXXIII (33)Pallene2.22212,2801.154 0.099082004Gordon, Murray, Beurle, et al. (Cassini–Huygens)Alkyonide moon[15]
SaturnXXXIV (34)Polydeuces1.3377,2002.737 0.028022004Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)Main-group trojan[15]
SaturnXXXV (35)Daphnis3.8±0.8136,5000.594 0.333812005Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)Inner moon (shepherd)[15]
SaturnXXXVI (36)Aegir3 20,751,0001,117.52 (r) 0.001002004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXXVII (37)Bebhionn3 17,119,000834.84 0.001212004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenPrograde irregular (Gallic)[14][15]
SaturnXXXVIII (38)Bergelmir3 19,336,0001,005.74 (r) 0.001072004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXXXIX (39)Bestla3.5 20,192,0001,088.72 (r) 0.001202004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXL (40)Farbauti2.5 20,377,0001,085.55 (r) 0.000852004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXLI (41)Fenrir2 22,454,0001,260.35 (r) 0.000612004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXLII (42)Fornjot3 25,146,0001,494.2 (r) 0.000822004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXLIII (43)Hati3 19,846,0001,038.61 (r) 0.001042004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse)[14][15]
SaturnXLIV (44)Hyrrokkin4 18,437,000931.86 (r) 0.001502004Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnXLV (45)Kari3.5 22,089,0001,230.97 (r) 0.001092006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnXLVI (46)Loge3 23,058,0001,311.36 (r) 0.000902006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnXLVII (47)Skoll3 17,665,000878.29 (r) 0.001172006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnXLVIII (48)Surtur3 22,704,0001,297.36 (r) 0.000912006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnXLIX (49)Anthe0.9197,7001.0365 0.044372007Porco et al. (Cassini–Huygens)Alkyonide moon[38]
SaturnL (50)Jarnsaxa3 18,811,000964.74 (r) 0.001102006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnLI (51)Greip3 18,206,000921.19 (r) 0.001142006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse)[15]
SaturnLII (52)Tarqeq3.5 18,009,000887.48 0.001342007Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaPrograde irregular (Inuit)[15]
SaturnLIII (53)Aegaeon0.33 167,5000.808 0.020762008Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–HuygensG-ring moonlet[39][40]
SaturnLIV (54)S/2004 S 203 19,418,0001,010.55 (r) 0.001072019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[41]
SaturnLV (55)S/2004 S 223 20,636,0001,107.13 (r) 0.001002019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[42]
SaturnLVI (56)S/2004 S 234 21,163,0001,149.82 (r) 0.001302019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[43]
SaturnLVII (57)S/2004 S 254 21,174,0001,150.69 (r) 0.001302019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[44]
SaturnLVIII (58)S/2004 S 264 26,676,0001,627.18 (r) 0.001032019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[45]
SaturnLIX (59)S/2004 S 276 19,976,0001,054.45 (r) 0.002072019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, Marsden, JacobsonRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[46]
SaturnLX (60)S/2004 S 294 16,981,000826.44 0.001632019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenPrograde irregular (Inuit)[47]
SaturnLXI (61)S/2004 S 303 20,396,0001,087.84 (r) 0.001012019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[48]
SaturnLXII (62)S/2004 S 324 21,214,0001,153.96 (r) 0.001302019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[49]
SaturnLXIII (63)S/2004 S 334 24,168,0001,403.18 (r) 0.001142019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[50]
SaturnLXIV (64)S/2004 S 343 24,299,0001,414.59 (r) 0.000852019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[51]
SaturnLXV (65)S/2004 S 356 22,412,0001,253.08 (r) 0.001852019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[52]
SaturnLXVI (66)S/2004 S 384 21,908,0001,211.02 (r) 0.001262019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[53]
Saturn—S/2004 S 73 20,999,0001,140.24 (r) 0.000982004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[14][15]
Saturn—S/2004 S 122.5 19,878,0001,046.19 (r) 0.000872004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[14][15]
Saturn—S/2004 S 133 18,404,000933.48 (r) 0.001122004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[14][15]
Saturn—S/2004 S 172 19,447,0001,014.70 (r) 0.000712004Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[14][15]
Saturn—S/2004 S 213 22,645,0001,272.61 (r) 0.000912019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[54]
Saturn—S/2004 S 243 22,901,0001,294.25 0.000902019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenPrograde irregular (group unknown, possibly Gallic?)[55]
Saturn—S/2004 S 284 22,020,0001,220.31 (r) 0.001252019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[56]
Saturn—S/2004 S 314 17,568,000869.65 0.001572019Sheppard, Jewitt, Kleyna, MarsdenPrograde irregular (Inuit)[57]
Saturn—S/2004 S 363 23,192,0001,319.07 (r) 0.000892019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[58]
Saturn—S/2004 S 374 15,892,000748.18 (r) 0.001742019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[59]
Saturn—S/2004 S 393 23,575,0001,351.83 (r) 0.000882019Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[60]
Saturn—S/2006 S 13 18,790,000963.37 (r) 0.001102006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[15]
Saturn—S/2006 S 33 22,096,0001,227.21 (r) 0.000942006Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[15]
Saturn—S/2007 S 23 16,725,000808.08 (r) 0.001242007Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[15]
Saturn—S/2007 S 33 18,975,000977.8 (r) 0.001092007Sheppard, Jewitt, KleynaRetrograde irregular (Norse?)[15]
Saturn—S/2009 S 10.15 117,0000.471 0.017552009Cassini Imaging Science Team Cassini–HuygensB-ring moonlet[61]
Saturn—S/2019 S 13 11,221,000443.8 0.001852021Ashton, Gladman, Petit, AlexandersenPrograde irregular (Inuit)[62]
UranusI (1)Ariel578.9±0.6190,9002.520 24.044171851LassellMain-group moon[14][15]
UranusII (2)Umbriel584.7±2.8266,0004.144 16.706011851LassellMain-group moon[14][15]
UranusIII (3)Titania788.9±1.8436,3008.706 13.199261787HerschelMain-group moon[14][15]
UranusIV (4)Oberon761.4±2.6583,50013.46 9.379401787HerschelMain-group moon[14][15]
UranusV (5)Miranda235.8±0.7129,9001.413 15.508631948KuiperMain-group moon[14][15]
UranusVI (6)Cordelia20.1±349,8000.335 5.655021986Terrile (Voyager 2)Inner moon (shepherd)[14][15]
UranusVII (7)Ophelia21.4±453,8000.376 5.173911986Terrile (Voyager 2)Inner moon (shepherd)[14][15]
UranusVIII (8)Bianca25.7±259,2000.435 5.221951986Smith (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusIX (9)Cressida39.8±261,8000.464 7.509871986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusX (10)Desdemona32±462,7000.474 5.892541986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusXI (11)Juliet46.8±464,4000.493 8.242561986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusXII (12)Portia67.6±4.066,1000.513 11.409091986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusXIII (13)Rosalind36±669,9000.558 5.557451986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusXIV (14)Belinda40.3±875,3000.624 5.548531986Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusXV (15)Puck81±286,0000.762 9.184261985Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
UranusXVI (16)Caliban36.47,231,100579.73 (r) 0.034731997Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular[63][15]
UranusXVII (17)Sycorax9312,179,4001,288.38 (r) 0.052611997Gladman, Nicholson, Burns, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular[63][15]
UranusXVIII (18)Prospero25 16,256,0001,978.29 (r) 0.010591999Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, SchollRetrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXIX (19)Setebos24 17,418,0002,225.21 (r) 0.009491999Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, SchollRetrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXX (20)Stephano168,004,000677.36 (r) 0.013791999Gladman, Holman, Kavelaars, Petit, SchollRetrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXXI (21)Trinculo9.58,504,000749.24 (r) 0.007702001Holman, Kavelaars, MilisavljevicRetrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXXII (22)Francisco114,276,000266.56 (r) 0.017792001Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, GladmanRetrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXXIII (23)Margaret1014,345,0001,687.01 0.004802003Sheppard, JewittPrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXXIV (24)Ferdinand1020,901,0002,887.21 (r) 0.003292001Holman, Kavelaars, Milisavljevic, et al.Retrograde irregular[14][15]
UranusXXV (25)Perdita15 76,4170.638 2.020031999Karkoschka (Voyager 2)Inner moon[15]
UranusXXVI (26)Mab1297,7360.923 1.139992003Showalter, LissauerInner moon[15]
UranusXXVII (27)Cupid9 74,3920.613 1.262072003Showalter, LissauerInner moon[15]
NeptuneI (1)Triton1,353.4±0.9354,8005.877 (r) 28.182661846LassellRetrograde irregular[14][15]
NeptuneII (2)Nereid170±255,513,820360.14 0.212931949KuiperPrograde irregular[64][15]
NeptuneIII (3)Naiad33±348,2240.294 9.613221989Terrile (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
NeptuneIV (4)Thalassa41±350,0750.311 11.075131989Terrile (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
NeptuneV (5)Despina78±4.752,5260.335 19.219051989Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
NeptuneVI (6)Galatea88±461,9530.429 16.207531989Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
NeptuneVII (7)Larissa97±373,5480.555 13.631261981Reitsema, Hubbard, Lebofsky, Tholen (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
NeptuneVIII (8)Proteus210±7117,6471.122 15.521141989Synnott (Voyager 2)Inner moon[14][15]
NeptuneIX (9)Halimede31 15,728,0001,879.71 (r) 0.013572002Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, MilisavljevicRetrograde irregular[14][15]
NeptuneX (10)Psamathe20 46,695,0009,115.91 (r) 0.002952003Jewitt, Kleyna, Sheppard, Holman, KavelaarsRetrograde irregular[14][15]
NeptuneXI (11)Sao22 22,422,0002,914.07 0.006752002Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, MilisavljevicPrograde irregular[14][15]
NeptuneXII (12)Laomedeia21 23,571,0003,167.85 0.006132002Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, MilisavljevicPrograde irregular[14][15]
NeptuneXIII (13)Neso30 48,387,0009,373.99 (r) 0.004262002Holman, Kavelaars, Grav, Fraser, MilisavljevicRetrograde irregular[14][15]
NeptuneXIV (14)Hippocamp17.4105,2830.9362 1.483172013Showalter et al.Inner moon[65]
OrcusI (1)Vanth221±59,000±99.539 178.32646[66]2005Brown & SuerSynchronous rotation[67]
2003 AZ84—(unnamed)72±12(unknown)(unknown) (unknown)2005Brown & Suer[68]
PlutoI (1)Charon606±0.519,5916.387 225.95169[69]1978ChristySynchronous rotation[14][15]
PlutoII (2)Nix22.548,67124.85 3.255442005Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al.Chaotic rotation[14][15]
PlutoIII (3)Hydra27.564,69838.20 2.975372005Weaver, Stern, Buie, et al.Chaotic rotation[14][15]
PlutoIV (4)Kerberos757,72932.17 0.850662011Showalter (Hubble)Chaotic rotation[14][15][70][71]
PlutoV (5)Styx5.542,39320.16 0.916912012Showalter (Hubble)Chaotic rotation[14][15][72]
SalaciaI (1)Actaea142±55,724±275.494 184.52468[73]2006Noll et al.[67]
HaumeaI (1)Hiʻiaka≈160 49,88049.12 22.33209[74]2005Brown et al.[8][75][76]
HaumeaII (2)Namaka≈8525,65718.2783 23.342132005Brown et al.[8][75][76]
QuaoarI (1)Weywot3714,500±80012.438 19.08427[77]2007Brown[78]
Makemake—S/2015 (136472) 1≈87.5 >21,000>12.4 <29.65766[79]2016Parker et al.[80][81]
VardaI (1)Ilmarë163±18[82]4,809±395.751 251.47660[83]2009Noll et al.[84]
2013 FY27—(unnamed)95(unknown)(unknown) (unknown)2018Sheppard[85]
GonggongI (1)Xiangliu15024,020±20025.221 44.35325[86]2010Marton, Kiss & Müllerassuming a prograde orbit[87]
ErisI (1)Dysnomia350±60[7]37,273±6415.786 66.64145[88]2005Brown, Rabinowitz, Trujillo et al.SDO moon[89]

See also

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