List of prime ministers of Italy

The prime minister of Italy is the head of the Council of Ministers, which holds effective executive power in the Italian government.[1][2] The first officeholder was Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour, who was sworn in on 23 March 1861 after the unification of Italy.[3] Cavour previously served as Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Sardinia, an office from which the Italian prime minister took most of its powers and duties.[4] During the monarchy period, prime ministers were appointed by the king of Italy, as laid down in the Albertine Statute.[5] From 1925 until the fall of his regime in 1943, fascist dictator Benito Mussolini formally modified the office title to "Head of Government, Prime Minister and Secretary of State".[6] From 1861 to 1946, 30 men served as prime ministers, leading 65 governments in total.[7]

Top left: Camillo Benso, Count of Cavour was the first prime minister of the Kingdom of Italy.
Top right: Benito Mussolini was the longest-serving prime minister in Italian history.
Bottom left: Alcide De Gasperi was the first prime minister of the Italian Republic.
Bottom right: Silvio Berlusconi was the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic.

After the abolition of the Kingdom of Italy in 1946 and the proclamation of the Italian Republic, the office was established by Articles 92 through 96 of the Constitution of Italy. The prime minister is appointed by the President of the Republic and must receive a confidence vote by both houses of Parliament: the Chamber of Deputies and the Senate.[8] Since 1946, 29 men have assumed the office in 75 years,[9] while no woman has ever held the office.[10] As of April 2022, the current officeholder is Mario Draghi, who was appointed on 13 February 2021.[11]

The longest-serving prime minister in the history of Italy was Benito Mussolini, who ruled the country from 1922 until 1943;[12] the longest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic is Silvio Berlusconi, who held the position for more than nine years between 1994 and 2011.[13] The shortest-serving officeholder was Tommaso Tittoni, who served as prime minister for only 16 days in 1905,[14] while the shortest-serving prime minister of the Italian Republic was Fernando Tambroni, who governed for 123 days in 1960.[15]

Prime ministers of Italy

Prime ministers of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

Parties:[lower-alpha 1]

1861–1912:: Historical Right; Historical Left; Military
1912–1922:: Liberal Union / Italian Liberal Party; Italian Radical Party; Italian Reformist Socialist Party

1922–1943:: National Fascist Party

1943–1946:: Labour Democratic Party; Action Party; Christian Democracy; Military

Coalitions:[lower-alpha 2]

1861–1912:: Rightist coalition; Leftist coalition; Mixed coalition

1912–1922:: Liberal coalition

1922–1943:: Fascist government
1943–1946:: National Liberation Committee; Mixed coalition

Acronyms and abbreviations:

Symbols:
Died in office

Prime Ministers of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party		Cabinet	Composition	Legislature (Election)	Monarch (Reign)	Ref.
Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party		Cabinet	Composition	Legislature (Election)	Monarch (Reign)	Ref.
	Count Camillo Benso di Cavour (1810–1861)	23 March 1861	6 June 1861	75 days		Historical Right	Cavour IV[lower-alpha 3]	Right	VIII[lower-alpha 3] (1861)	Victor Emmanuel II[lower-alpha 3] (1861–1878)	[16]
	Baron Bettino Ricasoli (1809–1880)	12 June 1861	3 March 1862	264 days		Historical Right	Ricasoli I	Right			[17]
	Urbano Rattazzi (1808–1873)	3 March 1862	8 December 1862	280 days		Historical Left	Rattazzi I	Right • Left			[18]
	Luigi Carlo Farini (1812–1866)	8 December 1862	24 March 1863	106 days		Historical Right	Farini	Right			[19]
	Marco Minghetti (1818–1886)	24 March 1863	28 September 1864	1 year, 188 days		Historical Right	Minghetti I	Right			[20]
	General Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora (1804–1878)	28 September 1864	31 December 1865	1 year, 265 days		Military	La Marmora II	Right			[21] [22]
	General Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora (1804–1878)	31 December 1865	20 June 1866	1 year, 265 days		Military	La Marmora III	Right	IX (1865)		[21] [22]
	Baron Bettino Ricasoli (1809–1880)	20 June 1866	10 April 1867	294 days		Historical Right	Ricasoli II	Right • Left	IX (1865)		[23]
	Urbano Rattazzi (1808–1873)	10 April 1867	27 October 1867	200 days		Historical Left	Rattazzi II	Right • Left	X (1867)		[24]
	Count Luigi Federico Menabrea (1809–1896)	27 October 1867	5 January 1868	1 year, 48 days		Historical Right	Menabrea I	Right			[25] [26] [27]
		5 January 1868	13 May 1869				Menabrea II
		13 May 1869	14 December 1869				Menabrea III
	Giovanni Lanza (1810–1882)	14 December 1869	10 July 1873	3 years, 208 days		Historical Right	Lanza	Right	XI (1870)		[28]
	Marco Minghetti (1818–1886)	10 July 1873	25 March 1876	2 years, 259 days		Historical Right	Minghetti II	Right	XII (1874)		[29]
	Agostino Depretis (1813–1887)	25 March 1876	25 December 1877	1 year, 364 days		Historical Left	Depretis I	Left	XIII (1876)		[30] [31]
	Agostino Depretis (1813–1887)	26 December 1877	24 March 1878	1 year, 364 days		Historical Left	Depretis II	Left		Umberto I (1878–1900)	[30] [31]
	Benedetto Cairoli (1825–1889)	24 March 1878	19 December 1878	270 days		Historical Left	Cairoli I	Left			[32]
	Agostino Depretis (1813–1887)	19 December 1878	14 July 1879	214 days		Historical Left	Depretis III	Left			[33]
	Benedetto Cairoli (1825–1889)	14 July 1879	25 November 1879	1 year, 319 days		Historical Left	Cairoli II	Left			[34] [35]
	Benedetto Cairoli (1825–1889)	25 November 1879	29 May 1881	1 year, 319 days		Historical Left	Cairoli III	Left	XIV (1880)		[34] [35]
	Agostino Depretis (1813–1887)	29 May 1881	25 May 1883	6 years, 61 days		Historical Left	Depretis IV	Left	XIV (1880)		[36] [37] [38] [39] [40]
		25 May 1883	30 March 1884				Depretis V		XV (1882)
		30 March 1884	29 June 1885				Depretis VI		XV (1882)
		29 June 1885	4 April 1887				Depretis VII		XVI (1886)
		4 April 1887	29 July 1887				Depretis VIII
	Francesco Crispi (1819–1901)	29 July 1887	9 March 1889	3 years, 192 days		Historical Left	Crispi I	Left			[41] [42]
	Francesco Crispi (1819–1901)	9 March 1889	6 February 1891	3 years, 192 days		Historical Left	Crispi II	Left	XVII (1890)		[41] [42]
	Marquess Antonio Starabba di Rudinì (1839–1908)	6 February 1891	15 May 1892	1 year, 99 days		Historical Right	Di Rudinì I	Left • Right	XVII (1890)		[43]
	Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928)	15 May 1892	15 December 1893	1 year, 214 days		Historical Left	Giolitti I	Left	XVIII (1892)		[44]
	Francesco Crispi (1819–1901)	15 December 1893	14 June 1894	2 years, 86 days		Historical Left	Crispi III	Left • Right	XVIII (1892)		[45] [46]
	Francesco Crispi (1819–1901)	14 June 1894	10 March 1896	2 years, 86 days		Historical Left	Crispi IV	Left • Right	XIX (1895)		[45] [46]
	Marquess Antonio Starabba di Rudinì (1839–1908)	10 March 1896	11 July 1896	2 years, 111 days		Historical Right	Di Rudinì II	Right with Left's external support			[47] [48] [49] [50]
		11 July 1896	14 December 1897				Di Rudinì III	Right with Left's external support
		14 December 1897	1 June 1898				Di Rudinì IV	Left • Right	XX (1897)
		1 June 1898	29 June 1898				Di Rudinì V	Left • Right
	General Luigi Pelloux (1839–1924)	29 June 1898	14 May 1899	1 year, 360 days		Military	Pelloux I	Left with Right's external support			[51] [52]
	General Luigi Pelloux (1839–1924)	14 May 1899	24 June 1900	1 year, 360 days		Military	Pelloux II	Left • Right			[51] [52]
	Giuseppe Saracco (1821–1907)	24 June 1900	15 February 1901	236 days		Historical Left	Saracco	Left • Right	XXI (1900)	Victor Emmanuel III (1900–1946)	[53]
	Giuseppe Zanardelli (1826–1903)	15 February 1901	3 November 1903	2 years, 261 days		Historical Left	Zanardelli	Left • Right	XXI (1900)		[54]
	Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928)	3 November 1903	12 March 1905	1 year, 129 days		Historical Left	Giolitti II	Left • Right with PSI's external support	XXII (1904)		[55]
	Tommaso Tittoni (1855–1931)	12 March 1905	28 March 1905	16 days		Historical Right	Tittoni	Left • Right			[56]

	Alessandro Fortis (1842–1909)	28 March 1905	24 December 1905	317 days		Historical Left	Fortis I	Left • Right			[57] [58]
	Alessandro Fortis (1842–1909)	24 December 1905	8 February 1906	317 days		Historical Left	Fortis II	Left with Right's external support			[57] [58]
	Sidney Sonnino (1847–1922)	8 February 1906	29 May 1906	110 days		Historical Right	Sonnino I	Left • Right • Radicals			[59]
	Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928)	29 May 1906	11 December 1909	3 years, 196 days		Historical Left	Giolitti III	Left • Right	[60]
	Sidney Sonnino (1847–1922)	11 December 1909	31 March 1910	110 days		Historical Right	Sonnino II	Right with Left's external support	XXIII (1909)		[61]
	Luigi Luzzatti (1841–1927)	31 March 1910	30 March 1911	364 days		Historical Right	Luzzatti	Left • Right • PR			[62]
	Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928)	30 March 1911	21 March 1914	2 years, 356 days		Liberal Union	Giolitti IV	UL • PR			[63]
	Antonio Salandra (1853–1931)	21 March 1914	5 November 1914	2 years, 89 days		Liberal Union	Salandra I	UL	XXIV (1913)		[64] [65]
	Antonio Salandra (1853–1931)	5 November 1914	18 June 1916	2 years, 89 days		Liberal Union	Salandra II	UL • PRI			[64] [65]
	Paolo Boselli (1838–1932)	18 June 1916	30 October 1917	1 year, 134 days		Liberal Union	Boselli	UL • PR • UECI • PSRI			[66]
	Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1860–1952)	30 October 1917	23 June 1919	1 year, 236 days		Liberal Union	Orlando	UL • PR • UECI • PSRI			[67]
	Francesco Saverio Nitti (1868–1953)	23 June 1919	21 May 1920	358 days		Italian Radical Party	Nitti I	UL • PLDI • PPI • PR • PSRI			[68] [69]
	Francesco Saverio Nitti (1868–1953)	21 May 1920	15 June 1920	358 days		Italian Radical Party	Nitti II	UL • PLDI • PPI • PR	XXV (1919)		[68] [69]
	Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928)	15 June 1920	4 July 1921	1 year, 19 days		Liberal Union	Giolitti V	UL • PLDI • PPI • PDSI • PR • PSRI	XXV (1919)		[70]
	Ivanoe Bonomi (1873–1951)	4 July 1921	26 February 1922	237 days		Italian Reformist Socialist Party	Bonomi I	PPI • PLI • PLDI • PDSI • PSRI	XXVI (1921)		[71]
	Luigi Facta (1861–1930)	26 February 1922	1 August 1922	247 days		Liberal Union / Italian Liberal Party	Facta I	PPI • PLI • PLDI • PDSI • PSRI • PA			[72] [73]
	Luigi Facta (1861–1930)	1 August 1922	31 October 1922	247 days		Liberal Union / Italian Liberal Party	Facta II	PPI • PLI • PLDI • PDSI • PSRI			[72] [73]
	Duce Benito Mussolini (1883–1945)	31 October 1922	25 July 1943	20 years, 267 days		National Fascist Party	Mussolini	PPI • PLI • PDSI • PNF • ANI			[74]
								PNF	XXVII (1924)
									XXVIII (1929)
									XXIX (1934)
									XXX (no election)
	Marshal Pietro Badoglio (1871–1956)	25 July 1943	24 April 1944	329 days		Military	Badoglio I	Independents • DC • PLI	Parliament abolished		[75] [76]
	Marshal Pietro Badoglio (1871–1956)	24 April 1944	18 June 1944	329 days		Military	Badoglio II	DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL			[75] [76]
	Ivanoe Bonomi (1873–1951)	18 June 1944	12 December 1944	1 year, 3 days		Labour Democratic Party	Bonomi II	DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL			[77] [78]
	Ivanoe Bonomi (1873–1951)	12 December 1944	21 June 1945	1 year, 3 days		Labour Democratic Party	Bonomi III	DC • PCI • PLI • PDL	National Council		[77] [78]
	Ferruccio Parri (1890–1981)	21 June 1945	10 December 1945	172 days		Action Party	Parri	DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL		[79]
	Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954)	10 December 1945	13 July 1946	212 days		Christian Democracy	De Gasperi I	DC • PCI • PLI • PSIUP • PdA • PDL		Umberto II (1946)	[80]

Colors in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.
Colors in the "Cabinet" and "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.
After the Italian unification, the regnal number of King Victor Emmanuel, as well as the numbering for governments and legislatures, were taken in continuation with the corresponding numbers in the Kingdom of Sardinia.

Prime ministers of the Italian Republic (1946–present)

Parties:[lower-alpha 1]

1946–1994:: Christian Democracy; Italian Republican Party; Italian Socialist Party; Independent

1994–present:: Forza Italia / The People of Freedom; Democrats of the Left; Democratic Party; Independent

Coalitions:[lower-alpha 2]

1946–1994:: National Liberation Committee; Centrist coalition; Organic Centre-left; Pentapartito / Quadripartito; Mixed coalition

1994–present:: Centre-right coalition; Centre-left coalition; Mixed coalition

Acronyms and abbreviations:

DC: Christian Democracy
PSI/PSIUP: Italian Socialist Party
PCI: Italian Communist Party
PRI: Italian Republican Party
PDL: Labour Democratic Party
PSDI: Italian Democratic Socialist Party
PLI: Italian Liberal Party
PNM: Monarchist National Party
MSI: Italian Social Movement
PMP: People's Monarchist Party
PSU: Unified Socialist Party
PDS: Democratic Party of the Left
FdV: Federation of the Greens
FI: Forza Italia
LN: Lega Nord
AN: National Alliance

Prime Ministers of the Italian Republic (1946–present)
Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office			Party		Cabinet	Composition	Legislature (Election)	President (Tenure)	Ref.
Portrait	Name (Birth–Death)	Took office	Left office	Time in office	Party		Cabinet	Composition	Legislature (Election)	President (Tenure)	Ref.
	Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954)	13 July 1946	2 February 1947	7 years, 35 days		Christian Democracy	De Gasperi II	DC • PSIUP • PCI • PRI	Constituent Assembly (1946)	Enrico De Nicola (1946–1948)	[81] [82] [83] [84] [85] [86] [87]
		2 February 1947	1 June 1947				De Gasperi III	DC • PSI • PCI • PDL
		1 June 1947	24 May 1948				De Gasperi IV	Centrism (DC • PSDI • PLI • PRI)
		24 May 1948	27 January 1950				De Gasperi V	Centrism (DC • PSDI • PLI • PRI)	I (1948)	Luigi Einaudi (1948–1955)
		27 January 1950	26 July 1951				De Gasperi VI	Centrism (DC • PSDI • PRI)
		26 July 1951	16 July 1953				De Gasperi VII	Centrism (DC • PRI)
		16 July 1953	17 August 1953				De Gasperi VIII[lower-alpha 3]	DC	II (1953)
	Giuseppe Pella (1902–1981)	17 August 1953	19 January 1954	155 days		Christian Democracy	Pella	DC with PLI and PNM's external support			[88]
	Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999)	19 January 1954	10 February 1954	22 days		Christian Democracy	Fanfani I[lower-alpha 3]	DC			[89]
	Mario Scelba (1901–1991)	10 February 1954	6 July 1955	1 year, 146 days		Christian Democracy	Scelba	Centrism (DC • PSDI • PLI)			[90]
	Antonio Segni (1891–1972)	6 July 1955	20 May 1957	1 year, 318 days		Christian Democracy	Segni I	Centrism (DC • PSDI • PLI)		Giovanni Gronchi (1955–1962)	[91]
	Adone Zoli (1887–1960)	20 May 1957	2 July 1958	1 year, 43 days		Christian Democracy	Zoli	DC with MSI, PSDI, PLI, PMP, PNM, PRI's external support			[92]
	Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999)	2 July 1958	16 February 1959	229 days		Christian Democracy	Fanfani II	Centrism (DC • PSDI)	III (1958)		[93]
	Antonio Segni (1891–1972)	16 February 1959	26 March 1960	1 year, 39 days		Christian Democracy	Segni II	DC with MSI, PLI, PNM and PMP's external support			[94]
	Fernando Tambroni (1901–1963)	26 March 1960	27 July 1960	123 days		Christian Democracy	Tambroni	DC with MSI's external support			[95]
	Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999)	27 July 1960	22 February 1962	2 years, 330 days		Christian Democracy	Fanfani III	DC with PSDI, PLI, and PRI's external support			[96] [97]
	Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999)	22 February 1962	22 June 1963	2 years, 330 days		Christian Democracy	Fanfani IV	DC • PSDI • PRI with PSI's external support		Antonio Segni (1962–1964)	[96] [97]
	Giovanni Leone (1908–2001)	22 June 1963	5 December 1963	166 days		Christian Democracy	Leone I	DC with PSI, PSDI and PRI's external support	IV (1963)		[98]
	Aldo Moro (1916–1978)	5 December 1963	23 July 1964	4 years, 203 days		Christian Democracy	Moro I	Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI)			[99] [100] [101]
		23 July 1964	24 February 1966				Moro II			Giuseppe Saragat (1964–1971)
		24 February 1966	25 June 1968				Moro III
	Giovanni Leone (1908–2001)	25 June 1968	13 December 1968	171 days		Christian Democracy	Leone II	DC with PSU and PRI's external support	V (1968)		[102]
	Mariano Rumor (1915–1990)	13 December 1968	6 August 1969	1 year, 236 days		Christian Democracy	Rumor I	Organic Centre-left (DC • PSU • PRI)			[103] [104] [105]
		6 August 1969	28 March 1970				Rumor II	DC with PSI, PSDI and PRI's external support
		28 March 1970	6 August 1970				Rumor III	Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI)
	Emilio Colombo (1920–2013)	6 August 1970	18 February 1972	1 year, 196 days		Christian Democracy	Colombo	Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI)			[106]
	Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013)	18 February 1972	26 June 1972	1 year, 140 days		Christian Democracy	Andreotti I[lower-alpha 3]	DC		Giovanni Leone (1971–1978)	[107] [108]
	Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013)	26 June 1972	8 July 1973	1 year, 140 days		Christian Democracy	Andreotti II	DC • PSDI • PLI with PRI's external support	VI (1972)		[107] [108]
	Mariano Rumor (1915–1990)	8 July 1973	15 March 1974	1 year, 138 days		Christian Democracy	Rumor IV	Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI)			[109] [110]
	Mariano Rumor (1915–1990)	15 March 1974	23 November 1974	1 year, 138 days		Christian Democracy	Rumor V	Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PSDI) with PRI's external support			[109] [110]
	Aldo Moro (1916–1978)	23 November 1974	12 February 1976	1 year, 250 days		Christian Democracy	Moro IV	DC • PRI with PSI and PSDI's external support			[111] [112]
	Aldo Moro (1916–1978)	12 February 1976	30 July 1976	1 year, 250 days		Christian Democracy	Moro V	DC with PSI, PSDI and PRI's external support			[111] [112]
	Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013)	30 July 1976	13 March 1978	3 years, 6 days		Christian Democracy	Andreotti III	Historic Compromise (DC with PCI's external support)	VII (1976)		[113] [114] [115]
		13 March 1978	21 March 1979				Andreotti IV	Historic Compromise (DC with PCI's external support)		Sandro Pertini (1978–1985)
		21 March 1979	5 August 1979				Andreotti V[lower-alpha 3]	DC • PSDI • PRI
	Francesco Cossiga (1928–2010)	5 August 1979	4 April 1980	1 year, 74 days		Christian Democracy	Cossiga I	DC • PSDI • PLI with PSI and PRI's external support	VIII (1979)		[116] [117]
	Francesco Cossiga (1928–2010)	4 April 1980	18 October 1980	1 year, 74 days		Christian Democracy	Cossiga II	Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PRI)			[116] [117]
	Arnaldo Forlani (born 1925)	18 October 1980	28 June 1981	253 days		Christian Democracy	Forlani	Organic Centre-left (DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI)			[118]
	Giovanni Spadolini (1925–1994)	28 June 1981	23 August 1982	1 year, 156 days		Italian Republican Party	Spadolini I	Pentapartito (DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI • PLI)			[119] [120]
	Giovanni Spadolini (1925–1994)	23 August 1982	1 December 1982	1 year, 156 days		Italian Republican Party	Spadolini II	Pentapartito (DC • PSI • PSDI • PRI • PLI)			[119] [120]
	Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999)	1 December 1982	4 August 1983	246 days		Christian Democracy	Fanfani V	DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI with PRI's external support			[121]
	Bettino Craxi (1934–2000)	4 August 1983	1 August 1986	3 years, 257 days		Italian Socialist Party	Craxi I	Pentapartito (DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI)	IX (1983)		[122] [123]
	Bettino Craxi (1934–2000)	1 August 1986	18 April 1987	3 years, 257 days		Italian Socialist Party	Craxi II	Pentapartito (DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI)		Francesco Cossiga (1985–1992)	[122] [123]
	Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999)	18 April 1987	29 July 1987	102 days		Christian Democracy	Fanfani VI[lower-alpha 3]	DC			[97]
	Giovanni Goria (1943–1994)	29 July 1987	13 April 1988	259 days		Christian Democracy	Goria	Pentapartito (DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI)	X (1987)		[124]
	Ciriaco De Mita (born 1928)	13 April 1988	23 July 1989	1 year, 101 days		Christian Democracy	De Mita	Pentapartito (DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI)			[125]
	Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013)	23 July 1989	13 April 1991	2 years, 341 days		Christian Democracy	Andreotti VI	Pentapartito (DC • PSI • PRI • PSDI • PLI)			[126] [127]
	Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013)	13 April 1991	28 June 1992	2 years, 341 days		Christian Democracy	Andreotti VII	Quadripartito (DC • PSI • PSDI • PLI)			[126] [127]
	Giuliano Amato (born 1938)	28 June 1992	28 April 1993	304 days		Italian Socialist Party	Amato I	Quadripartito (DC • PSI • PLI • PSDI)	XI (1992)	Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1992–1999)	[128]
	Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1920–2016)	28 April 1993	11 May 1994	1 year, 13 days		Independent	Ciampi	DC • PSI • PDS[lower-alpha 4] • PLI • PRI • PSDI • FdV[lower-alpha 5]	XI (1992)		[129]
	Silvio Berlusconi (born 1936)	11 May 1994	17 January 1995	251 days		Forza Italia	Berlusconi I	PdL–PBG (FI • LN • AN • CCD • UdC)	XII (1994)		[130]
	Lamberto Dini (born 1931)	17 January 1995	18 May 1996	1 year, 122 days		Independent	Dini	Independents (supported by PDS, LN, PPI, PSI, FdV, Rete, CS)	XII (1994)		[131]
	Romano Prodi (born 1939)	18 May 1996	21 October 1998	2 years, 156 days		Independent[lower-alpha 6]	Prodi I	The Olive Tree (PDS • PPI • RI • FdV • UD) with PRC's external support	XIII (1996)		[132]
	Massimo D'Alema (born 1949)	21 October 1998	22 December 1999	1 year, 188 days		Democrats of the Left	D'Alema I	The Olive Tree (DS • PPI • RI • SDI • FdV • PdCI • UDR)			[133] [134]
	Massimo D'Alema (born 1949)	22 December 1999	26 April 2000	1 year, 188 days		Democrats of the Left	D'Alema II	The Olive Tree (DS • PPI • Dem • RI • FdV • PdCI • UDEUR)		Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999–2006)	[133] [134]
	Giuliano Amato (born 1938)	26 April 2000	11 June 2001	1 year, 46 days		Independent[lower-alpha 6]	Amato II	The Olive Tree (DS • PPI • Dem • FdV • PdCI • UDEUR • RI • SDI)			[135]
	Silvio Berlusconi (born 1936)	11 June 2001	23 April 2005	4 years, 340 days		Forza Italia	Berlusconi II	House of Freedoms (FI • AN • LN • UDC • NPSI • PRI)	XIV (2001)		[136] [137]
	Silvio Berlusconi (born 1936)	23 April 2005	17 May 2006	4 years, 340 days		Forza Italia	Berlusconi III	House of Freedoms (FI • AN • LN • UDC • NPSI • PRI)	XIV (2001)		[136] [137]
	Romano Prodi (born 1939)	17 May 2006	8 May 2008	1 year, 357 days		Independent / Democratic Party	Prodi II	The Union (DS • DL • PRC • RnP • PdCI • IdV • FdV • UDEUR)	XV (2006)	Giorgio Napolitano (2006–2015)	[138]
	Silvio Berlusconi (born 1936)	8 May 2008	16 November 2011	3 years, 192 days		The People of Freedom	Berlusconi IV	Centre-right coalition (PdL • LN • MpA)	XVI (2008)		[139]
	Mario Monti (born 1943)	16 November 2011	28 April 2013	1 year, 163 days		Independent	Monti	Independents (supported by PdL, PD, UdC, FLI, ApI)	XVI (2008)		[140]
	Enrico Letta (born 1966)	28 April 2013	22 February 2014	300 days		Democratic Party	Letta	PD • PdL[lower-alpha 7] • NCD[lower-alpha 8] • SC • PpI • UdC • RI	XVII (2013)		[141]
	Matteo Renzi (born 1975)	22 February 2014	12 December 2016	2 years, 294 days		Democratic Party	Renzi	PD • NCD • SC • UdC		Sergio Mattarella (2015–present)	[142]
	Paolo Gentiloni (born 1954)	12 December 2016	1 June 2018	1 year, 171 days		Democratic Party	Gentiloni	PD • NCD/AP • CpE			[143]
	Giuseppe Conte (born 1964)	1 June 2018	5 September 2019	2 years, 257 days		Independent[lower-alpha 9]	Conte I	M5S • Lega	XVIII (2018)		[144] [145]
	Giuseppe Conte (born 1964)	5 September 2019	13 February 2021	2 years, 257 days		Independent[lower-alpha 9]	Conte II	M5S • PD • LeU • IV[lower-alpha 10]			[144] [145]
	Mario Draghi (born 1947)	13 February 2021	Incumbent	1 year, 81 days		Independent	Draghi	M5S • Lega • PD • FI • IV • Art.1			[146]

Colors in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.
Colors in the "Cabinet" and "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.
The cabinet did not receive the confidence of the Parliament.
Until 4 May 1993
Until 4 May 1993
Within The Olive Tree coalition
Until November 2013
From November 2013 to February 2014
Close to the Five Star Movement
From September 2019 to January 2021

Timeline

Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

Italian Republic (1946–present)

References

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"IV Governo Cavour". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
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"II Governo La Marmora". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
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"II Governo Ricasoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"II Governo Rattazzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
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"III Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
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"III Governo Cairoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"IV Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"V Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"VI Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"VII Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"VIII Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"II Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 8 September 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"III Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"IV Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"II Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"III Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"IV Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"V Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Pelloux". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"II Governo Pelloux". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Saracco". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Zanardelli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"II Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Tittoni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Fortis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"II Governo Fortis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Sonnino". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"III Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"II Governo Sonnino". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Luzzatti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"IV Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Salandra". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"II Governo Salandra". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Boselli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Orlando". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Nitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"II Governo Nitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"V Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Bonomi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Facta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"II Governo Facta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Mussolini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"Composizione del Governo Badoglio I". senato.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"Governo Badoglio II". governo.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"Governo Bonomi II". governo.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"Governo Bonomi III". governo.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo Parri". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"I Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"II Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
"III Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"IV Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"V Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"VI Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"VII Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"VIII Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Pella". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Scelba". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo Segni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Zoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo Segni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Tambroni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"III Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"IV Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo Leone". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"III Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo Leone". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"III Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Colombo". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"IV Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"V Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"IV Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"V Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"III Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"IV Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"V Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo Cossiga". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo Cossiga". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Forlani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo Spadolini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo Spadolini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"V Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo Craxi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo Craxi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Goria". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo De Mita". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"VI Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"VII Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo Amato". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Ciampi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Dini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo Prodi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo D'Alema". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo D'Alema". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo Amato II" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"III Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo Prodi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"IV Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Monti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Letta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Renzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Gentiloni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"I Governo Conte". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"II Governo Conte". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
"Governo Draghi". governo.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

Bibliography

Guglielmotti, Umberto, ed. (1966). I presidenti del Consiglio dei Ministri dell'Unita' d'Italia ad oggi, Volume 3 (in Italian). CEN.
Viviani, Maria Paola, ed. (1970). La presidenza del Consiglio dei ministri in alcuni stati dell'Europa occidentale ed in Italia (in Italian). Giuffrè.
Rotelli, Ettore, ed. (1972). La Presidenza Del Consiglio Dei Ministri: Il Problema Del Coordinamento Dell'amministrazione Centrale in Italia, (1848-1948) (in Italian). Giuffrè.
Marzo, Corradino; Amodio, Vito Domenico, eds. (2014). I governi della Repubblica. Storia dei Presidenti del Consiglio, Volume 1 (in Italian). Lupo. ISBN 978-8866671893.

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

[parties-16] Colors in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.

[coalitions-17] Colors in the "Cabinet" and "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.

[numbering-18] After the Italian unification, the regnal number of King Victor Emmanuel, as well as the numbering for governments and legislatures, were taken in continuation with the corresponding numbers in the Kingdom of Sardinia.

[parties-84] Colors in the "Party" column indicate the party to which a prime minister belongs.

[coalitions-85] Colors in the "Cabinet" and "Composition" columns indicate the governing coalition.

[cabinet_no_confidence-93] The cabinet did not receive the confidence of the Parliament.

[135] Until 4 May 1993

[136] Until 4 May 1993

[ulivo-140] Within The Olive Tree coalition

[150] Until November 2013

[151] From November 2013 to February 2014

[155] Close to the Five Star Movement

[158] From September 2019 to January 2021

[1] "I Governi nelle Legislature". www.governo.it (in Italian). 9 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[2] "La funzione del Presidente del Consiglio". www.governo.it (in Italian). 9 November 2015. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[3] "Cavour, Camillo Benso conte di nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 29 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[Denis_Mack_Smith_1985-4] Mack Smith, Denis (1985). Cavour. London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson. ISBN 9780297785125.

[AlbStat-5] "Lo Statuto Albertino" (PDF) (in Italian). The official website of the Presidency of the Italian Republic. Archived (PDF) from the original on 16 August 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2021.

[6] "LEGGE 24 dicembre 1925, n. 2263-Normattiva". www.normattiva.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[7] "I Presidenti del Consiglio". legislature.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[8] "Italy-Government and society | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 19 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[9] Harris, Chris (13 December 2016). "Why do governments in Italy change so often?". euronews. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[10] "In 75 anni le donne al governo sono state appena il 6,5%". www.ilsole24ore.com (in Italian). Il Sole 24 Ore. Archived from the original on 12 February 2021. Retrieved 12 February 2021.

[11] "Mario Draghi sworn in as Italy's new prime minister". BBC News. 13 February 2021. Archived from the original on 5 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[12] "Mussolini, Benito". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[13] "Quali sono stati i governi italiani più lunghi?". www.youtrend.it (in Italian). YouTrend. Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[14] "Tommaso Tittoni nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[15] "Fernando Tambroni Armaroli nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Enciclopedia Treccani. Archived from the original on 15 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.

[19] "IV Governo Cavour". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[Ricasoli_I-20] "I Governo Ricasoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[21] "I Governo Rattazzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[22] "I Governo Farini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[23] "I Governo Minghetti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 18 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[24] "II Governo La Marmora". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[25] "III Governo La Marmora". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[26] "II Governo Ricasoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 1 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[27] "II Governo Rattazzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[28] "I Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[29] "II Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[30] "III Governo Menabrea". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[31] "I Governo Lanza". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[32] "II Governo Minghetti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[33] "I Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[34] "II Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[35] "I Governo Cairoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[36] "III Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[37] "II Governo Cairoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[38] "III Governo Cairoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[39] "IV Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 3 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[40] "V Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[Depretis_VI-41] "VI Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[42] "VII Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[43] "VIII Governo Depretis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[44] "I Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[45] "II Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[46] "I Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 November 2019. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[47] "I Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 8 September 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[48] "III Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[49] "IV Governo Crispi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[50] "II Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[51] "III Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[52] "IV Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[53] "V Governo Di Rudinì". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[54] "I Governo Pelloux". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 12 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[55] "II Governo Pelloux". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[56] "I Governo Saracco". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 June 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[Zanardelli-57] "I Governo Zanardelli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[58] "II Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[59] "I Governo Tittoni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[60] "I Governo Fortis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[61] "II Governo Fortis". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[62] "I Governo Sonnino". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[63] "III Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[64] "II Governo Sonnino". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[65] "I Governo Luzzatti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[66] "IV Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[67] "I Governo Salandra". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[Salandra_II-68] "II Governo Salandra". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[69] "I Governo Boselli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[70] "I Governo Orlando". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[71] "I Governo Nitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[72] "II Governo Nitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[73] "V Governo Giolitti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 April 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[74] "I Governo Bonomi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[75] "I Governo Facta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 22 August 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[76] "II Governo Facta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[Mussolini-77] "I Governo Mussolini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[78] "Composizione del Governo Badoglio I". senato.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 25 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[79] "Governo Badoglio II". governo.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[80] "Governo Bonomi II". governo.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[81] "Governo Bonomi III". governo.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 18 February 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[82] "I Governo Parri". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 20 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[83] "I Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[86] "II Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.

[87] "III Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[88] "IV Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[89] "V Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[90] "VI Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 14 September 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[91] "VII Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[92] "VIII Governo De Gasperi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[94] "Governo Pella". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[95] "I Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[96] "Governo Scelba". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[97] "I Governo Segni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[98] "Governo Zoli". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 April 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[99] "II Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[100] "II Governo Segni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[101] "Governo Tambroni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[102] "III Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[fanfani_IV-103] "IV Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[104] "I Governo Leone". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[105] "I Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[106] "II Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[107] "III Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 March 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[108] "II Governo Leone". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[109] "I Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[110] "II Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 31 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[111] "III Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[112] "Governo Colombo". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[113] "I Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[114] "II Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[115] "IV Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[116] "V Governo Rumor". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[117] "IV Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[118] "V Governo Moro". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[119] "III Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[120] "IV Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[121] "V Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[122] "I Governo Cossiga". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[123] "II Governo Cossiga". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[124] "Governo Forlani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[125] "I Governo Spadolini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[126] "II Governo Spadolini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[127] "V Governo Fanfani". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[128] "I Governo Craxi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[129] "II Governo Craxi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[130] "Governo Goria". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[131] "Governo De Mita". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[132] "VI Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[133] "VII Governo Andreotti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[134] "I Governo Amato". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 4 December 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[137] "Governo Ciampi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[138] "I Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[139] "Governo Dini". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 30 October 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[141] "I Governo Prodi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[142] "I Governo D'Alema". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 28 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[143] "II Governo D'Alema". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[144] "II Governo Amato II" (in Italian). Archived from the original on 27 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[145] "II Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[146] "III Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 5 August 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[147] "II Governo Prodi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[148] "IV Governo Berlusconi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 29 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[149] "Governo Monti". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[152] "Governo Letta". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 24 November 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[153] "Governo Renzi". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 23 September 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[154] "Governo Gentiloni". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[156] "I Governo Conte". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[157] "II Governo Conte". storia.camera.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 19 November 2021. Retrieved 10 July 2020.

[159] "Governo Draghi". governo.it (in Italian). Archived from the original on 13 November 2021. Retrieved 15 November 2021.