List of sovereign states in Europe by Human Development Index

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, knowledge, and a decent standard of living. It is a standard means of measuring well-being. It is used to distinguish whether the country is a developed, developing, or underdeveloped country, and also to measure the impact of economic policies on quality of life. Countries fall into four broad categories based on their HDI: very high, high, medium, and low human development. Currently, all European countries fall into the very high or high human development category.

Map of the European countries by HDI value in 2019 (includes transcontinental countries).
Very high HDI
  ≥ 0.920
  0.890–0.919
  0.850–0.889
  0.800–0.849
High HDI
  < 0.800

List

The table below presents the latest Human Development Index (HDI)[1] for countries in Europe as included in a United Nations Development Programme's Human Development Report (released in 2020).[2][3] Previous HDI values and rankings are retroactively recalculated using the same updated data sets and current methodologies, as presented in Table 2 of the Statistical Annex of the Human Development Report.[4]

Countries that are not entirely located in Europe are shown here in italics, but HDI figures are given for the whole country. Monaco, San Marino, and Vatican City are not ranked as they are not included in the latest report by the United Nations Development Programme. Kosovo is also not included.

List of European countries by Human Development Index
Rank Country Human Development Index (HDI)
Region World HDI 2019[2] HDI 2018[3] Change in HDI
value 2018–19
Very High Human Development
1 1  Norway 0.957 0.954 0.003
2 2  Ireland 0.955 0.942 0.013
2 2   Switzerland 0.955 0.946 0.009
4 4  Iceland 0.949 0.938 0.011
5 6  Germany 0.947 0.939 0.008
6 7  Sweden 0.945 0.937 0.008
7 8  Netherlands 0.944 0.933 0.011
8 10  Denmark 0.940 0.930 0.010
9 11  Finland 0.938 0.925 0.013
10 13  United Kingdom 0.932 0.920 0.012
11 14  Belgium 0.931 0.919 0.012
12 18  Austria 0.922 0.914 0.008
13 19  Liechtenstein 0.919 0.917 0.002
14 22  Slovenia 0.917 0.902 0.015
15 23  Luxembourg 0.916 0.909 0.005
16 25  Spain 0.904 0.893 0.011
17 26  France 0.901 0.891 0.010
18 27  Czech Republic 0.900 0.891 0.009
19 28  Malta 0.895 0.885 0.010
20 29  Italy 0.892 0.883 0.009
20 29  Estonia 0.892 0.882 0.010
22 32  Greece 0.888 0.872 0.016
23 33  Cyprus[N 1] 0.887 0.873 0.014
24 34  Lithuania 0.882 0.869 0.013
25 35  Poland 0.880 0.872 0.008
26 36  Andorra 0.868 0.857 0.011
27 37  Latvia 0.866 0.854 0.012
28 38  Portugal 0.864 0.850 0.014
29 39  Slovakia 0.860 0.857 0.003
30 40  Hungary 0.854 0.845 0.009
31 43  Croatia 0.851 0.837 0.014
32 48  Montenegro 0.829 0.816 0.013
33 49  Romania 0.828 0.816 0.012
34 51  Kazakhstan[N 2] 0.825 0.817 0.008
35 52  Russia[N 3] 0.824 0.824
36 53  Belarus 0.823 0.817 0.006
37 54  Turkey[N 4] 0.820 0.806 0.014
38 56  Bulgaria 0.816 0.816
39 61  Georgia[N 5] 0.812 0.786 0.026
40 64  Serbia 0.806 0.799 0.007
High Human Development
41 69  Albania 0.795 0.791 0.004
42 73  Bosnia and Herzegovina 0.780 0.769 0.011
43 74  Ukraine 0.779 0.750 0.029
44 81  Armenia[N 6] 0.776 0.760 0.016
45 82  North Macedonia 0.774 0.759 0.015
46 88  Azerbaijan[N 7] 0.756 0.754 0.002
47 90  Moldova 0.750 0.711 0.039
* Change in HDI value rounded to three decimals

Map

This is the map of the list of European countries by the Human Development Index for the year 2019.[2] The colour indicators are as follows:   High Human Development and   Very High Human Development.

See also

Notes
  1. Geographically, Cyprus is generally included in Western Asia or the Middle East, but it has been historically and culturally a European country.
  2. Kazakhstan is mainly located in Central Asia with a small portion west of the Ural River located in Eastern Europe.
  3. Geographically, the majority of Russia lies in North Asia, but Russia is culturally and ethnically a part of Europe. European Russia is home to 78% of Russia's total population, but covers less than 25% of Russia's total land area.
  4. The European portion of Turkey comprises 3% of the country, making it a transcontinental country.
  5. Generally, the Greater Caucasus separates Europe from Asia, putting Georgia mostly in Western Asia, and only a small part in Europe. Some other definitions place the whole Caucasus region, including Georgia, in Eastern Europe instead.
  6. Armenia is sometimes considered a European country. Geographically, it is considered an Asian country. By physiographic criteria, Armenia integrates Asia, but the country has political, historical and cultural ties with Europe.
  7. Geographically, Azerbaijan is located in the South Caucasus region of Eurasia, straddling Western Asia and Eastern Europe.

References
  1. "Table 1: Human Development Index (HDI) and its components".
  2. Human Development Report 2020 The Next Frontier: Human Development and the Anthropocene (PDF). United Nations Development Programme. 15 December 2020. pp. 343–346. ISBN 978-92-1-126442-5. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
  3. "Human Development Report 2019 – "Human Development Indices and Indicators"" (PDF). HDRO (Human Development Report Office) United Nations Development Programme. pp. 22–25. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
  4. "Table 2: Trends in the Human Development Index, 1990-2015".
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