State Anthem of the Soviet Union

Gosudarstvenny gimn SSSR
English: State Anthem of the USSR
Государственный гимн СССР[lower-alpha 1]
	Musical sheet of the anthem
	Former national anthem of the Soviet Union, 1944–91 Former regional anthem of the Russian SFSR, 1944–90
Lyrics	Gabriel El-Registan (1943), Sergey Mikhalkov (1943 and 1977)
Music	Alexander Alexandrov, c. 1938
Adopted	15 March 1944; 1955 (as instrumental); 1 September 1977 (with modified lyrics)
Relinquished	26 December 1991; (as national anthem of the Soviet Union); 23 November 1990; (as regional anthem of the Russian SFSR)
Preceded by	"The Internationale"
Succeeded by	List of successors Russia: "The Patriotic Song" (until 2000); Ukraine: "Anthem of the Ukrainian SSR" (no words, until 1992); Belarus: "My Belarusy"; Armenia: "Mer Hayrenik"; Azerbaijan: "Anthem of the Azerbaijan SSR" (no words, until 1992); Georgia: "Dideba" (until 2004); Kazakhstan: "Anthem of the Republic of Kazakhstan" (until 2006); Kyrgyzstan: "Anthem of the Kirghiz SSR" (no words, until 1992); Moldova: "Deșteaptă-te, române!" (until 1994); Tajikistan: "Anthem of the Tajik SSR" (no words, until 1994); Turkmenistan: "Anthem of the Turkmen SSR" (no words, until 1996); Uzbekistan: "State Anthem of Uzbekistan"; Estonia: "Mu isamaa, mu õnn ja rõõm"; Latvia: "Dievs, svētī Latviju!"; Lithuania: "Tautiška giesmė";

The "State Anthem of the Soviet Union"[lower-alpha 2] was the national anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the regional anthem of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1944 to 1991, replacing "The Internationale". Its original lyrics were written by Sergey Mikhalkov (1913–2009) in collaboration with Gabriel El-Registan (1899–1945), and its music composed by Alexander Alexandrov (1883–1946). Following a two-decade interval in which the anthem was performed without lyrics, a second set of lyrics, also written by Mikhalkov, was adopted in 1977.

A decade after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the music would be adopted with new lyrics as the Russian national anthem.

History

Origins

The anthem's music was originally composed by Alexander Alexandrov in 1938 for the Hymn of the Bolshevik Party. Its opening bars were borrowed from one of Alexandrov's previous pieces, "Life has become better",[lower-alpha 3][1] which was based on a quote by former Soviet Union General Secretary Joseph Stalin at the First All-Union Meeting of the Stakhanovites on 17 November 1935.[2] The song alludes to Stalin's cult of personality.

Other than "Life Has Become Better", the music of the anthem has several possible outside influences. Alexandrov himself has described it as the combination of a march with Russian traditional music, particularly that of bylina epic songs. The anthem shares several chord progressions with Vasily Kalinnikov's overture Bylina, Epic Poem (which, as its name indicates, is also inspired by the bylina tradition).[3] There also exist similarities between Alexandrov's anthem and Robert Schumann's Frühlingsfahrt.[4]

When the Communist International (Comintern) was dissolved in 1943 in order for the Soviet Union to maintain its alliance with the other Allies of World War II, a new composition was needed to replace "The Internationale" as the national anthem. A contest was held in mid to late 1943 for a new anthem, and more than 200 entries were submitted.[5] Alexandrov's music was personally chosen by Stalin, who both praised and criticized it.[6] The anthem's lyrics then had to be written. Stalin thought the song should be short, and that it should invoke the Red Army's impending victory over the forces of Germany on the Eastern Front. The poets Sergey Mikhalkov and Gabriel El-Registan were chosen by Stalin's staffers, called to Moscow, and given the task of writing lyrics which referenced not only the Great Patriotic War, but also "a Country of Soviets". The first draft was completed overnight.

The anthem was first published on 7 November 1943. It was played for the first time on Soviet radio at midnight on 1 January 1944, and officially adopted on 15 March the same year.[7] The new lyrics had three refrains following three different stanzas. In each refrain, the second line was modified to refer to friendship, then happiness, then glory. Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union's war against Germany were originally invoked in the second and third verses, respectively. Reportedly, Stalin was opposed to including his name in the lyrics but relented after some Politburo members insisted.[8]

Post-Stalin era

With the process of de-Stalinization after Stalin's death, the lyrics referring to him were considered unacceptable, and from 1956 to 1977 the anthem was performed without lyrics. A notable exception took place at the 1976 Canada Cup ice hockey tournament, where singer Roger Doucet insisted on performing the anthem with lyrics after consultations with Russian studies scholars from Université de Montréal and Soviet team officials.[9][10] In 1977, to coincide with the 60th anniversary of the October Revolution, revised lyrics, written in 1970 by original author Sergey Mikhalkov,[11] were adopted. The varying refrains were replaced by a uniform refrain after all stanzas, and the line praising Stalin was dropped, as were the lines referring to the Great Patriotic War. Another notable change was the replacement of a line referring to the Soviet national flag with one citing the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in the form of "Partiya Lenina" (The party of Lenin). These lyrics were also present in the original party anthem at the same place in the melody, but followed by the lyrics "Partiya Stalina" (The party of Stalin).

Post-1991 use

Use in the Russian Federation

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, the Russian Federation adopted a new wordless anthem, the "Patriotic Song", although there were suggestions for adopting lyrics. As a result, a few different versions were produced.[12] In late 2000, the current national anthem of Russia was introduced, which uses the music of the Soviet national anthem with new lyrics by Sergey Mikhalkov.

State Union of Russia and Belarus

The same music was used for a proposed anthem for the State Union of Russia and Belarus, entitled Derzhavny Soyuz Narodov ("Sovereign Union of Nations"). Its lyrics were not tied to any specific nationality, and there were official versions in the languages of every Soviet republic and several other Soviet languages; thus it could have been adopted by a broader union. However, it was never officially adopted, and there appear to be no plans to utilize it in any official role.

Decommunization

In some post-Soviet states which adopted decommunization laws banning Communist symbolism, performing the Soviet anthem is illegal. For example, since 2015, offenders in Ukraine face up to five years in prison.[13] Similar laws were adopted in Latvia and Lithuania.[14]

Official translations

The anthem has been officially translated into several languages:

Language	For	Date	Author
Ukrainian	Ukrainian SSR	1944	Mykola Bazhan[15]
Komi	Komi ASSR	1944	Sergey Karavayev[16]
Azerbaijani	Azerbaijan SSR Dagestan ASSR	1944	Samad Vurgun
Tatar	Tatar ASSR	unknown	Äxmät İsxaq and Nuri Arslanov[17]
Lithuanian	Lithuanian SSR	1944	Antanas Venclova[18]
Latvian	Latvian SSR	1944	Ārija Elksne and Andris Vējāns[19]
Bashkir	Bashkir ASSR	unknown	Abdulkhak Igebaev, Ghilemdar Ramazanov and Safuan Alibay[20]
Estonian	Estonian SSR	1944	Vladimir Beekman[21]
Yakut	Yakut ASSR	1944	Nikolai Mordinov and Sergey Vasilyev[22]

Lyrics

This table shows the anthem's various lyrics. As there were two official lyric versions (in 1944 and 1977), both are included within their sections.

1944 lyrics

Russian	Transliteration	IPA transcription[lower-alpha 4]	English translation
Союз нерушимый республик свободных Сплотила навеки Великая Русь. Да здравствует созданный волей народов Единый, могучий Советский Союз! Припев I: Славься, Отечество наше свободное, Дружбы народов надёжный оплот! Знамя советское, знамя народное Пусть от победы к победе ведёт! Сквозь грозы сияло нам солнце свободы, И Ленин великий нам путь озарил: Нас вырастил Сталин — на верность народу, На труд и на подвиги нас вдохновил! Припев II: Славься, Отечество наше свободное, Счастья народов надёжный оплот! Знамя советское, знамя народное Пусть от победы к победе ведёт! Мы армию нашу растили в сраженьях. Захватчиков подлых с дороги сметём! Мы в битвах решаем судьбу поколений, Мы к славе Отчизну свою поведём! Припев III: Славься, Отечество наше свободное, Славы народов надёжный оплот! Знамя советское, знамя народное Пусть от победы к победе ведёт!	Soyuz nerushimyy respublik svobodnykh Splotila naveki velikaya Rus'. Da zdravstvuyet sozdannyy voley narodov Yedinyy, moguchiy Sovetskiy Soyuz! Pripev I: Slav'sya, Otechestvo nashe svobodnoye, Druzhby narodov nadyozhnyy oplot! Znamya sovetskoye, znamya narodnoye Pust' ot pobedy k pobede vedyot! Skvoz' grozy siyalo nam solntse svobody, I Lenin velikiy nam put' ozaril Nas vyrastil Stalin — na vernost' narodu, Na trud i na podvigi nas vdokhnovil! Pripev II: Slav'sya, Otechestvo nashe svobodnoye, Schast'ya narodov nadyozhnyy oplot! Znamya sovetskoye, znamya narodnoye Pust' ot pobedy k pobede vedyot! My armiyu nashu rastili v srazhen'yakh. Zakhvatchikov podlykh s dorogi smetyom! My v bitvakh reshayem sud'bu pokoleniy, My k slave Otchiznu svoyu povedyom! Pripev III: Slav'sya, Otechestvo nashe svobodnoye, Slavy narodov nadyozhnyy oplot! Znamya sovetskoye, znamya narodnoye Pust' ot pobedy k pobede vedyot!	[sɐ.ˈjuz nʲɪ.rʊ.ˈʂɨ.mɨj rʲɪs.ˈpu.blʲɪk svɐ.ˈbod.nɨx] [spɫɐ.ˈtʲi.ɫə nɐ.ˈvʲe.kʲɪ vʲɪ.ˈlʲi.kə.jə rusʲ] [dɐ‿ˈzdra.stvʊ.jɪt ˈsoz.dən.nɨj ˈvo.lʲɪj nɐ.ˈro.dəf] [jɪ.ˈdʲi.nɨj mɐ.ˈɡu.t͡ɕɪj sɐ.ˈvʲɛt.skʲɪj sɐ.ˈjus] [prʲɪ.ˈpʲɛf]: [ˈsɫaf⁽ʲ⁾.sʲə ɐ.ˈtʲe.t͡ɕɪ.stvə ˈna.ʂɨ svɐ.ˈbod.nə.jə] [ˈdruʐ.bɨ nɐ.ˈro.dəf nɐ.ˈdʲɵʐ.nɨj ɐ.ˈpɫot] [ˈzna.mʲə sɐ.ˈvʲɛt.skə.jə ˈzna.mʲə nɐ.ˈrod.nə.jə] [pusʲtʲ ɐt pɐ.ˈbʲɛ.dɨ k‿pɐ.ˈbʲe.dʲe vʲɪ.ˈdʲɵt] [skvəzʲ‿ˈɡro.zɨ sʲɪ.ˈja.ɫə nam ˈson.t͡sɨ svɐ.ˈbo.dɨ] [i ˈlʲe.nʲɪn vʲɪ.ˈlʲi.kʲɪj nam putʲ ɐ.zɐ.ˈrʲiɫ] [naz ˈvɨ.rəsʲ.tʲɪɫ ˈsta.lʲɪn nɐ ˈvʲɛr.nəsʲtʲ nɐ.ˈro.dʊ] [nɐ trud i nɐ ˈpod.vʲɪ.ɡʲɪ naz vdəx.nɐ.ˈvʲiɫ] [prʲɪ.ˈpʲɛf]: [ˈsɫaf⁽ʲ⁾.sʲə ɐ.ˈtʲe.t͡ɕɪ.stvə ˈna.ʂɨ svɐ.ˈbod.nə.jə] [ˈɕːæsʲ.tʲjə nɐ.ˈro.dəf nɐ.ˈdʲɵʐ.nɨj ɐ.ˈpɫot] [ˈzna.mʲə sɐ.ˈvʲɛt.skə.jə ˈzna.mʲə nɐ.ˈrod.nə.jə] [pusʲtʲ ɐt pɐ.ˈbʲɛ.dɨ k‿pɐ.ˈbʲe.dʲe vʲɪ.ˈdʲɵt] [mɨ ˈar.mʲɪ.jʊ ˈna.ʂʊ rɐsʲ.ˈtʲi.lʲɪ f‿srɐ.ˈʐɛ.nʲjəx] [zɐ.ˈxvat.t͡ɕɪ.kəf ˈpod.ɫɨɣ z‿dɐ.ˈro.ɡʲɪ smʲɪ.ˈtʲɵm] [mɨ ˈv‿bʲit.vəx rʲɪ.ˈʂa.jɪm sʊdʲ.ˈbu pə.kɐ.ˈlʲe.nʲɪj] [mɨ ˈk‿sɫa.vʲe ɐt.ˈt͡ɕiz.nʊ svɐ.ˈju pə.vʲɪ.ˈdʲɵm] [prʲɪ.ˈpʲɛf]: [ˈsɫaf⁽ʲ⁾.sʲə ɐ.ˈtʲe.t͡ɕɪ.stvə ˈna.ʂɨ svɐ.ˈbod.nə.jə] [ˈsɫa.vɨ nɐ.ˈro.dəf nɐ.ˈdʲɵʐ.nɨj ɐ.ˈpɫot] [ˈzna.mʲə sɐ.ˈvʲɛt.skə.jə ˈzna.mʲə nɐ.ˈrod.nə.jə] [pusʲtʲ ɐt pɐ.ˈbʲɛ.dɨ k‿pɐ.ˈbʲe.dʲe vʲɪ.ˈdʲɵt]	An unbreakable union of free republics, Great Russia has united forever. Long live, the creation of the people's will, The united, mighty Soviet Union! Chorus I: Be glorified, our free Fatherland, Reliable stronghold of the people's friendship! Banner of the Soviets, banner of the people, May it lead from victory to victory! Through storms the sun of freedom shined on us, And Great Lenin illuminated our path. Stalin taught us to be faithful to the people, To labor and achievements we were inspired! Chorus II: Be glorified, our free Fatherland, Reliable stronghold of the people's happiness! Banner of the Soviets, banner of the people, May it lead from victory to victory! We raised our Army in battles, And swept the vile invaders from the path! In battles we determine the fate of generations, We bring glory to our Fatherland! Chorus III: Be glorified, our free Fatherland, Reliable stronghold of the people's glory! Banner of the Soviets, banner of the people, May it lead from victory to victory!

1977 lyrics

Russian	Transliteration	IPA transcription[lower-alpha 4]	English translation
Союз нерушимый республик свободных Сплотила навеки Великая Русь. Да здравствует созданный волей народов Единый, могучий Советский Союз! Припев: Славься, Отечество наше свободное, Дружбы народов надёжный оплот! Партия Ленина — сила народная Нас к торжеству коммунизма ведёт! Сквозь грозы сияло нам солнце свободы, И Ленин великий нам путь озарил: На правое дело он поднял народы, На труд и на подвиги нас вдохновил! Припев В победе бессмертных идей коммунизма Мы видим грядущее нашей страны, И Красному знамени славной Отчизны Мы будем всегда беззаветно верны! Припев	Soyuz nerushimyy respublik svobodnykh Splotila naveki velikaya Rus'. Da zdravstvuyet sozdanny voley narodov Yedinyy, moguchiy Sovetskiy Soyuz! Pripev: Slav'sya, Otechestvo nashe svobodnoye, Druzhby narodov nadyozhny oplot! Partiya Lenina — sila narodnaya Nas k torzhestvu kommunizma vedyot! Skvoz' grozy siyalo nam solntse svobody, I Lenin velikiy nam put' ozaril, Na pravoye delo on podnyal narody, Na trud i na podvigi nas vdokhnovil! Pripev V pobede bessmertnykh idey kommunizma My vidim gryadushcheye nashey strany, I Krasnomu znameni slavnoy Otchizny My budem vsegda bezzavetno verny! Pripev	[sɐ.ˈjuz nʲɪ.rʊ.ˈʂɨ.mɨj rʲɪs.ˈpu.blʲɪk svɐ.ˈbod.nɨx] [spɫɐ.ˈtʲi.ɫə nɐ.ˈvʲe.kʲɪ vʲɪ.ˈlʲi.kə.jə rusʲ] [dɐ‿ˈzdra.stvʊ.jɪt ˈsoz.dən.nɨj ˈvo.lʲɪj nɐ.ˈro.dəf] [jɪ.ˈdʲi.nɨj mɐ.ˈɡu.t͡ɕɪj sɐ.ˈvʲɛt.skʲɪj sɐ.ˈjus] [prʲɪ.ˈpʲɛf]: [ˈsɫaf⁽ʲ⁾.sʲə ɐ.ˈtʲe.t͡ɕɪ.stvə ˈna.ʂɨ svɐ.ˈbod.nə.jə] [ˈdruʐ.bɨ nɐ.ˈro.dəf nɐ.ˈdʲɵʐ.nɨj ɐ.ˈpɫot] [ˈpar.tʲɪ.jə ˈlʲe.nʲɪ.nə ˈsʲi.ɫə nɐ.ˈrod.nə.jə] [nas k‿tər.ʐɨ.ˈstvu kə.mʊ.ˈnʲiz.mə vʲɪ.ˈdʲɵt] [skvəzʲ‿ˈɡro.zɨ sʲɪ.ˈja.ɫɐ nam ˈson.t͡sɪ svɐ.ˈbo.dɨ] [i ˈlʲe.nʲɪn vʲɪ.ˈlʲi.kʲɪj nɐm ˈputʲ ə.zɐ.ˈrʲiɫ] [nɐ ˈpra.və.jə ˈdʲɛ.ɫə on ˈpodʲ.nʲəɫ nɐ.ˈro.dɨ] [nɐ trud i nɐ ˈpod.vʲɪ.ɡʲɪ naz vdəx.nɐ.ˈvʲil] [prʲɪ.ˈpʲɛf] [f‿pɐ.ˈbʲe.dʲe bʲɪs.ˈsmʲɛrt.nɨx ɪ.ˈdʲej kə.mʊ.ˈnʲiz.mə] [mɨ ˈvʲi.dʲɪm ɡrʲɪ.ˈduɕ.ɕɪ.je ˈna.ʂɨj strɐ.ˈnɨ] [i ˈkras.nə.mʊ ˈzna.mʲɪ.nʲɪ ˈsɫav.nəj ɐt.ˈt͡ɕiz.nɨ] [mɨ ˈbu.dʲɪm fsʲɪɡ.ˈda bʲɪz.zɐ.ˈvʲɛt.nə vʲɪr.ˈnɨ] [prʲɪ.ˈpʲɛf]	An unbreakable union of free republics, Great Russia has united forever. Long live, the creation by the people's will, The united, mighty Soviet Union! Chorus: Be glorified, our free Fatherland, Reliable stronghold of the people's friendship! The Party of Lenin - the strength of the people, Leads us to the triumph of Communism! Through storms the sun of freedom shined on us, And Great Lenin illuminated our path! To a righteous cause, he raised up the people To labor and achievements we were inspired! Chorus In the victory of Communism's immortal ideas, We see the future of our country! And to the red banner of the glorious Fatherland, We will always be devotedly true! Chorus

Other translations

1944 version
Official CPSU translation[23]	Paul Robeson's adaptation	English Translation[24]
Unbreakable Union of freeborn Republics Great Russia has welded forever to stand! Created in struggle by will of the Peoples, United and Mighty our Soviet Land!	United forever in friendship and labor, Our mighty republics will ever endure. The Great Soviet Union will live through the ages. The dream of a people, their fortress secure!	The Russian [Soviet] republics, in freedom united, Have mustered their power, their glory, their pride, And thus they created the great Soviet Union, The will of the nations that spread far and wide!
Sing to our Motherland, Free, and Undying, Friendship of peoples is a reliable stronghold! Flag of the Soviets, Flag of the people, From Victory to Victory lead us on!	Long live our Soviet motherland, Built by the people's mighty hand. Long live our people, united and free! Strong in our friendship tried by fire, Long may our crimson flag inspire, Shining in glory for all men to see!	Great shall your glory be, Motherland proud and free, Bulwark of friendship for nation and man! Flag of the Soviet, lead us to victory, Flag of the people since freedom began!
Through tempests, the shadows of freedom have cheered us, Along the new path where great Lenin did lead, Be true to the people, thus Stalin has reared us, Inspired us to labor and Valorus Deed!	Through days dark and stormy where Great Lenin led us, Our eyes saw the bright sun of freedom above, And Stalin, our leader, with faith in the people, Inspired us to build up the land that we love!	The sunlight of freedom has shone through the tempest, And Lenin has lighted our path with his flame, While Stalin has shown us that faith in the people Inspires us to action, to deeds, and to fame.
Our army grew up in the heat of grim battle, Barbarian invaders we'll swiftly strike down. In combat the fate of the future we'll settle, Our country we'll lead to eternal renown!	We fought for the future, destroyed the invaders, And brought to our Homeland the Laurels of Fame. Our glory will live in the memory of nations, and all generations will honor her name!	Our army in action has grown in its power, And soon it will wipe out the enemy horde; The fate of the future is sealed by our bravery, For honor and glory shall be our reward!

Notes

Державний гімн СРСР / Derzhavny himn SRSR (Ukrainian)
Дзяржаўны гімн СССР / Dziaržaǔny himn SSSR (Belarusian)
СССР мадҳияси / SSSR madhiyasi (Uzbek)
КСРО Мемлекеттік Әнұраны / KSRO Memlekettık Änūrany (Kazakh)
СССР гимны (Bashkir)
ССРБ дәүләт гимны (Tatar)
ეროვნული ჰიმნი სსრკ / Erovnuli himni SSRK (Georgian)
ССРИ Дөвләт һимни / SSRİ Dövlət Himni (Azerbaijani)
ΤSRS valstybinis himnas (Lithuanian)
Имнул де стат ал УРСС / Imnul de stat al URSS (Moldavian)
PSRS valsts himna (Latvian)
СССР Мамлекеттик Гимн (Kirghiz)
ИҶШС Суруди Милли (Tajik)
ԽՍՀՄ պետական օրհներգը / KHSHM petakan orhnergi (Armenian)
Дабаралы өвги ССРС (Turkmen)
NSVL riigihümn (Estonian)
SNTL:n valtiohymni (Finnish)
ССРС өрөгөйүн ырыата (Yakut)
UdSSR-Hymne (German)
Hymne de l'URSS (French)
Szovjetunió Himnusz (Hungarian)
Russian: Госуда́рственный гимн Сове́тского Сою́за, tr. Gosudárstvennyy gimn Sovétskogo Soyúza, IPA: [ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ˈɡʲimn sɐˈvʲetskəvə sɐˈjuzə]
Russian: Жить Стало Лучше, tr. Zhit' Stalo Luchshe, IPA: [ʐɨtʲ ˈstalə ˈlut͡ʂʂɨ]
See Help:IPA/Russian and Russian phonology.

References

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А. Компаниец. Сталин и Александров: предыстория российского гимна. // Родина. No. 3 за 2002 г.
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В соавторстве со Сталиным. ng.ru. 2003-10-02. Archived from the original on 2003-10-02. Retrieved 2019-10-03.
Morse, Eric (9 September 2009). "The Cold War on ice". canada.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02.
"How Roger Doucet Wrote the Soviet National Anthem".
Голованова, М. П.; В. С. Шергин (2003). Государственные символы России. Moscow: Росмэн-Пресс. p. 150. ISBN 5-353-01286-0.
II. Связанные с гимном Глинки Archived August 1, 2012, at archive.today
"За гимн СССР - 5 лет тюрьмы: декоммунизация в цифрах и фактах".
"BBC NEWS - Europe - Lithuanian ban on Soviet symbols". 2008-06-17.
Бажан Микола Платонович. irbis-nbuv.gov.ua. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
"Boreč - YouTube". YouTube.
"Совет Социалистик Республикалар Союзы гимны". erlar.ru. Retrieved August 17, 2018.
Marcinkevičius, Juozas. "Tautiškos giesmės likimasprijungus Lietuvą prie Sovietų Sąjungos (1940-1950)" (PDF). Retrieved July 29, 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
"Data for item "43210"". dom.lndb.lv. LNB Digitala Biblioteka. Retrieved August 16, 2018.
"Союз нерушимый - Башкирский язык". bashkort-tele.livejournal.com. Retrieved August 18, 2018.
Data for item "43210". erb.nlib.ee. Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu. 1978. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
Krio (September 20, 2014). "О гимне СССР. Перевод сахалы. Блиц-сообщение" [About the USSR anthem. Yakut translation. Blitz message.]. forum.ykt.ru (in Russian).
"Lyrics: The Soviet National Anthem". www.marxists.org. Retrieved 2017-10-29.
"Gimn Sovetskogo Soyuza" Гимн Советского Союза [Hymn of the Soviet Union] (PDF). Russian Anthems Museum. 2005-05-23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-11-24. Retrieved 2018-01-01.

External links

20 Most popular Soviet songs
The author of Russian national anthem: sources of the USSR's anthem in Russian.
by K.Kovalev – Eng. Bortniansky's anthem "Kol slaven" - Eng.
As presented by Central Television in 1984 on YouTube

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[1] Державний гімн СРСР / Derzhavny himn SRSR (Ukrainian)
Дзяржаўны гімн СССР / Dziaržaǔny himn SSSR (Belarusian)
СССР мадҳияси / SSSR madhiyasi (Uzbek)
КСРО Мемлекеттік Әнұраны / KSRO Memlekettık Änūrany (Kazakh)
СССР гимны (Bashkir)
ССРБ дәүләт гимны (Tatar)
ეროვნული ჰიმნი სსრკ / Erovnuli himni SSRK (Georgian)
ССРИ Дөвләт һимни / SSRİ Dövlət Himni (Azerbaijani)
ΤSRS valstybinis himnas (Lithuanian)
Имнул де стат ал УРСС / Imnul de stat al URSS (Moldavian)
PSRS valsts himna (Latvian)
СССР Мамлекеттик Гимн (Kirghiz)
ИҶШС Суруди Милли (Tajik)
ԽՍՀՄ պետական օրհներգը / KHSHM petakan orhnergi (Armenian)
Дабаралы өвги ССРС (Turkmen)
NSVL riigihümn (Estonian)
SNTL:n valtiohymni (Finnish)
ССРС өрөгөйүн ырыата (Yakut)
UdSSR-Hymne (German)
Hymne de l'URSS (French)
Szovjetunió Himnusz (Hungarian)

[2] Russian: Госуда́рственный гимн Сове́тского Сою́за, tr. Gosudárstvennyy gimn Sovétskogo Soyúza, IPA: [ɡəsʊˈdarstvʲɪn(ː)ɨj ˈɡʲimn sɐˈvʲetskəvə sɐˈjuzə]

[3] Russian: Жить Стало Лучше, tr. Zhit' Stalo Luchshe, IPA: [ʐɨtʲ ˈstalə ˈlut͡ʂʂɨ]

[Russian-26] See Help:IPA/Russian and Russian phonology.

[4] "A. V. Aleksandrov, "Zhit' Stalo Luchshe"". www.cyberussr.com. Retrieved 2017-12-18.

[5] "Zhit' stalo luchshe, zhit' stalo veseleye - slova Stalina" Жить стало лучше, жить стало веселее - слова Сталина [Life has become better, life has become more cheerful - the words of Stalin]. bibliotekar.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2017-12-18.

[rodina-6] А. Компаниец. Сталин и Александров: предыстория российского гимна. // Родина. No. 3 за 2002 г.

[7] Вахит Каркыраев. Дельфин и рейнская русалка. Заплыв #1. Русский журнал. 2000-12-07. Retrieved 2018-12-07.

[8] Shostakovich, Dmitriĭ Dmitrievich (2004). Testimony : the memoirs of Dmitri Shostakovich. Volkov, Solomon. (25th anniversary ed.). New York: Limelight Editions. pp. 261–262. ISBN 9780879109981. OCLC 53183394.

[9] Fay, Laurel E. (2000). Shostakovich: A Life. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 139. ISBN 9780195182514. OCLC 40954268.

[10] "Gimn Soyuza Sovetskikh Sotsialisticheskikh Respublik (Stalinsky)" Гимн Союза Советских Социалистических Республик («Сталинский») [Anthem of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (Stalin's)]. Museum of Russian Anthems. Archived from the original on 20 April 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2018.

[11] В соавторстве со Сталиным. ng.ru. 2003-10-02. Archived from the original on 2003-10-02. Retrieved 2019-10-03.

[On_Ice-12] Morse, Eric (9 September 2009). "The Cold War on ice". canada.com. Archived from the original on 2015-04-02.

[13] "How Roger Doucet Wrote the Soviet National Anthem".

[Голованова-14] Голованова, М. П.; В. С. Шергин (2003). Государственные символы России. Moscow: Росмэн-Пресс. p. 150. ISBN 5-353-01286-0.

[15] II. Связанные с гимном Глинки Archived August 1, 2012, at archive.today

[16] "За гимн СССР - 5 лет тюрьмы: декоммунизация в цифрах и фактах".

[17] "BBC NEWS - Europe - Lithuanian ban on Soviet symbols". 2008-06-17.

[18] Бажан Микола Платонович. irbis-nbuv.gov.ua. National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Retrieved August 19, 2020.

[19] "Boreč - YouTube". YouTube.

[20] "Совет Социалистик Республикалар Союзы гимны". erlar.ru. Retrieved August 17, 2018.

[21] Marcinkevičius, Juozas. "Tautiškos giesmės likimasprijungus Lietuvą prie Sovietų Sąjungos (1940-1950)" (PDF). Retrieved July 29, 2018. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)

[22] "Data for item "43210"". dom.lndb.lv. LNB Digitala Biblioteka. Retrieved August 16, 2018.

[23] "Союз нерушимый - Башкирский язык". bashkort-tele.livejournal.com. Retrieved August 18, 2018.

[24] Data for item "43210". erb.nlib.ee. Eesti Rahvusraamatukogu. 1978. Retrieved August 19, 2020.

[krio-25] Krio (September 20, 2014). "О гимне СССР. Перевод сахалы. Блиц-сообщение" [About the USSR anthem. Yakut translation. Blitz message.]. forum.ykt.ru (in Russian).

[27] "Lyrics: The Soviet National Anthem". www.marxists.org. Retrieved 2017-10-29.

[28] "Gimn Sovetskogo Soyuza" Гимн Советского Союза [Hymn of the Soviet Union] (PDF). Russian Anthems Museum. 2005-05-23. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-11-24. Retrieved 2018-01-01.