IWAS World Games

The International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports (IWAS) World Games (or IWAS World Games) are a multi-sport competition for athletes with a disability, which were the forerunner of the Paralympic Games. The competition has been formerly known as the World Wheelchair and Amputee Games, the World Wheelchair Games, the International Stoke Mandeville Games, the Stoke Mandeville Games (SMG), and in the 1960s and 1970s was often referred to as the Wheelchair Olympics.

Israeli delegation to the games, 1969

The Games were originally held in 1948 by neurologist Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who organized a sporting competition involving World War II veterans with spinal cord injuries at the Stoke Mandeville Hospital rehabilitation facility in Aylesbury, England, taking place concurrently with the first post-war Summer Olympics in London. In 1952, the Netherlands joined in the event, creating the first international sports competition for the disabled. In 1960, the Ninth Stoke Mandeville Games were held in Rome, Italy, following that year's Olympic Games. These are considered to be the first Paralympic Games.[1] The 2012 Paralympic mascot Mandeville was named after Stoke Mandeville Hospital.[2]

While the Paralympic Games evolved to include athletes from all disability groups, the Stoke Mandeville games continued to be organized as a multi-sport event for wheelchair athletes. Games were held annually in Aylesbury under the direction of the International Stoke Mandeville Games Federation (ISMGF), which became the International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation (ISMWSF).

In 1999, the World Wheelchair Games were held in Christchurch, New Zealand. In 2003, the Games were again held in Christchurch, and combined with a competition for amputee athletes organized by the International Sports Organization for the Disabled. In 2004, ISMWSF and ISOD merged to create the International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS). The first games held under the name IWAS World Wheelchair and Amputee Games were held in 2005 in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The second IWAS Games were held in 2007 in Chinese Taipei and the third IWAS games were held in Bangalore, India in November 2009.

Games by year

The inaugural competition, initially named "Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralyzed" in 1948, was just named "Stoke Mandeville Games" the next year, before becoming the "International Stoke Mandeville Games" in 1952. Starting in 1960, it was relocated to the same host city and year as the Summer Olympic Games, and the first 4 international editions that were relocated were then backwardly referenced as "Paralympic Games" when they were fully recognized in 1976. Since 1976, the Paralympic Games are no longer counted as editions of the "International Stoke Mandeville Games", which still continued to be organized separately every year up to 1996 (except on years of Paralympic Games).

Year Name of the event Host Annotation
1948Stoke Mandeville Games for the Paralyzed[3] Stoke Mandeville, United KingdomJuly 28, 1948, archery competition, 16 competitors[4] (14 men, 2 women[5])
1949Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
1950Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
1951Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
19521st International Stoke Mandeville Games[6] Stoke Mandeville, United KingdomA Dutch team participated, making it an international event[4]
19532nd International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
19543rd International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
19554th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
19565th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
19576th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
19587th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
19598th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
19609th International Stoke Mandeville Games.
later known as the 1st Paralympic Games.[7]		 Rome, Italy400 competitors from 23 countries (10 with medalists) in 8 sports. 1st edition occurring outside UK, in the same host city as the Summer Olympic Games, in the hope of becoming better internationally recognized and integrated with other national and international sports federations to organize what will become later the Paralympic Games.
196110th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
196211th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
196312th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
196413th International Stoke Mandeville Games.
later known as the 2nd Paralympic Games.[8]		Tokyo, Japan
196514th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
196615th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
196716th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
196817th International Stoke Mandeville Games.
later known as the 3rd Paralympic Games.[9]		 Tel Aviv, Israel
196918th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
197019th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
197120th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
197221st International Stoke Mandeville Games.
later known as the 4th Paralympic Games.[9][10]		 Heidelberg, West Germany
197322nd International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
197423rd International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
197524th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
19765th Summer Paralympics Toronto, Canada1st games that are fully recognized as Paralympic Games, and no longer counted as International Stoke Mandeville Games.
197725th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
197826th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
197927th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
19806th Summer Paralympics Arnhem, Netherlands
198128th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
198229th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
198330th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
19847th Summer Paralympics Long Island, New York, United States
Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom		Two separate competitions: one in UK (22 July–1 August) for wheelchair athletes with spinal cord injuries, and the other before in USA (17–30 June) for wheelchair and ambulatory athletes with cerebral palsy, amputees, and les autres [the others].
198531st International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
198632nd International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
198733rd International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
19888th Summer Paralympics Seoul, South Korea1st edition formally recognized by the new International Co-ordinating Committee (ICC), in coordination with the IPC and IOC, which allowed greater co-operation by National Olympic Committees in regards to the organization of Paralympic Games along with the Olympic Games.[11]
198934th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
199035th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
199136th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
19929th Summer Paralympics Barcelona, Spain
199337th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
199438th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
199539th International Stoke Mandeville Games Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom
199610th Summer Paralympics Atlanta, Georgia, United States

From 1997, the former International Stoke Mandeville Games yearly event (except on years of Paralympic Games already replacing them) became the "World Wheelchair Games"; it was later renamed "World Wheelchair and Amputee Games" from 2005, and "International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports (IWAS) World Games" from 2009.

Year Name of the event Host Annotation
1997World Wheelchair Games
1998World Wheelchair Games
1999World Wheelchair Games Christchurch, New Zealand
200011th Summer Paralympics Sydney, Australia
2001World Wheelchair Games[12]
2002World Wheelchair Games[12]
2003World Wheelchair Games[12] Christchurch, New Zealand
200412th Summer Paralympics Athens, Greece
2005World Wheelchair and Amputee Games[13] Rio de Janeiro, BrazilOver 700 athletes from 44 nations. Five events: track and field, table tennis, archery, shooting, and billiards.[14]
2006World Wheelchair and Amputee Games Bangalore, Karnataka, India
2007World Wheelchair and Amputee Games[15] Taipei, Republic of China
200813th Summer Paralympics Beijing, People's Republic of China
2009IWAS World Games[16][17][18][19] Bangalore, Karnataka, India
2011IWAS World Games Sharjah, United Arab EmiratesDecember 1–10, 2011[20]
201214th Summer Paralympics London, United Kingdom
2013IWAS World Games Stadskanaal, Netherlands
2015IWAS World Games Sochi, Russia
201615th Summer Paralympics Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
2017IWAS World Games Vila Real de Santo António, Portugal
2019IWAS World Games Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
2021 replaced by the 16th Summer Paralympic Games postponed from 2020 to 2021
2022IWAS World Games Sochi, Russia
2023IWAS World Games Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
202417th Summer Paralympics Paris, France
2025

IWAS World Games

Names :

  • 1-International Stoke Mandeville Games (1948 to 1995): 39 editions occurring every year (including 4 editions before 1976 that were backwardly recognized also as the first 4 Paralympic Games), except on years of Paralympic Games since 1976
  • 2-World Wheelchair Games (1997 to 2003): 6 editions occurring every year, except on years of Paralympic Games
  • 3-World Wheelchair and Amputee Games (2005 to 2007): 3 editions occurring every year, except on years of Paralympic Games
  • 4-IWAS World Games (since 2009): 6 editions occurring every 2 years with odd numbers, except on years of Paralympic Games (when the Paralympic Games were postponed from 2020 to 2021, they replaced the IWAS World Games)
No. Year Host City Events
1 2009 Bangalore, Karnataka, India
2 2011 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
3 2013 Stadskanaal, Netherlands
4 2015 Sochi, Russia
5 2017 Vila Real de Santo António, Portugal
6 2019 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
— 2021 replaced by the 16th Summer Paralympic Games postponed from 2020 to 2021
7 2022 Sochi, Russia
8 2023 Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand
9 2025

IWAS Under 23 World Games (IWAS Junior World Games)

For some years now, the IWAS Federation has hosted junior competitions, which were named IWAS World Junior Games by 2015. Since 2016 they are called IWAS Under 23 World Games and will only be played in years with even numbers.[21]

No. Year Dates Host City Venue Events Results List
1 2005 6–7 July Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom Result list
2 2006 14–16 July Dublin, Ireland Result list
3 2007 4–6 April Ekurhuleni, South Africa Germiston Sports Precinct Result list
4 2008 18–27 July Piscataway, New Jersey, United States Results
5 2009 16–19 July Nottwil, Switzerland SPZ Nottwil Result list
6 2010 19–26 August Olomouc, Czech Republic Results Archived 2018-09-17 at the Wayback Machine
7 2011 14–21 April Dubai, United Arab Emirates Result List
8 2012 19–21 July Olomouc, Czech Republic Results
9 2013 14–21 August Mayaguez, Puerto Rico Central American Stadium Ergebnisliste
10 2014 3–7 August Stoke Mandeville, United Kingdom Results
11 2015 2–8 July Stadskanaal, Netherlands Sportpark Stadskanaal Ergebnisliste
12 2016 29 June–3 July Prague, Czech Republic Results

See also

References
  1. Randi Druzin (September 5, 2008). "Paralympics traces roots to Second World War". CBC Sports.
  2. BBC Wenlock and Mandeville
  3. Paralympics: Where Heroes Come Archived 2010-06-11 at the Wayback Machine, by Dr. Robert Steadward and Cynthia Peterson. Edmonton, Alberta: One Shot Holdings Ltd., 1997, melazerte.com, May 30, 2010
  4. Remembering Paralympics past, BBC, July 15, 2008
  5. The Paralympics: It all started with Veterans Archived 2016-08-15 at the Wayback Machine. Veteran Affairs Canada
  6. Chronology of Events in the Development of Wheelchair Basketball Archived 2011-04-30 at the Wayback Machine, International Wheelchair Basketball Federation (IWBF)
  7. Rome 1960, International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
  8. The Thirteenth International Stoke Mandeville Games for The Paralysed, dinf.ne.jp, March 17, 1999
  9. Summer Games Governance 1960 to 1992 Archived 2012-12-16 at archive.today, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS)
  10. 21st Wheelchair Olympics, by Charles J. Bierbauer, The Pittsburgh Press, August 1, 1972, Google News Archive Search
  11. Scruton, Joan (1988). Stoke Mandeville Road to the Paralympics. Brill, Aylesbury, England: The Peterhouse Press. pp. 399–347. ISBN 0-946312-10-9.
  12. 2003 World Wheelchair Games / Jeux Mondiaux 2003 Archived 2010-02-17 at the Wayback Machine, Canadian Wheelchair Sports Association
  13. 2005 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games Archived 2010-12-12 at the Wayback Machine, cwsa.ca
  14. 21. Sports – Accomplishments Abroad – The First IWAS World Wheelchair and Amputee Games Archived 2011-06-18 at the Wayback Machine, gio.gov.tw
  15. Singapore wins 14 medals at 2007 World Wheelchair and Amputee Games, sglead.wordpress.com, September 18, 2007
  16. Official website of the 2009 IWAS World Games Archived 2010-05-07 at the Wayback Machine
  17. 2009 IWAS World Wheelchair & Amputee Games, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS) Archived 2012-09-08 at archive.today
  18. The Official Website of 2009 IWAS World Games Archived 2010-05-07 at the Wayback Machine
  19. 2009 IWAS World Games, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), November 24, 2009.
  20. IWAS announced today that the bid to host the IWAS World Games, International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS), February 8, 2011
  21. IWAS announces a new look for their IWAS Games programme, auf: iwasf.com, abgerufen 9. September 2016
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