Who's Who (UK)

Who's Who is a book, and more recently also a web site, giving biographical information on influential people from around the world. Published annually as a book since 1849, and as of 2022 in its 174th edition, it lists people who influence British life, according to its editors. Entries include notable figures from government, politics, academia, business, sport and the arts. Who's Who 2022 includes more than 33,000 people.

Who's Who
1959 edition
CountryUnited Kingdom
LanguageEnglish
Release number
174 (in 2022)
Subject
Publisher
Publication date
1849–present
ISBN9781408181201
TextWho's Who at Wikisource
Websiteukwhoswho.com

Entries typically include full names, dates of birth, career details, club memberships, education, professional qualifications, publications, recreations and contact details.[3][4][5] The publication has received both praise and criticism.

The book is the original Who's Who book[6] and "the pioneer work of its type".[7] The book is an origin of the expression "who's who" used in a wider sense.[8][9][10]

History

Who's Who has been published since 1849.[11] It was originally published by Baily Brothers.[12] Since 1897, it has been published by A & C Black.[11] It has been published in New York by the Macmillan Company[13] and by St. Martin's Press.[14]

From 1849 to 1850, Who's Who was edited by Henry Robert Addison,[15] from 1851 to 1864 by Charles Henry Oakes,[16] from 1865 by William John Lawson and from 1897 to 1899 by Douglas Brooke Wheelton Sladen.[17] Subsequent editions do not disclose the identity of their editor.[18]

Originally, it merely provided lists of the names of notable people, for example all members of parliament and all bishops. Beginning with the 1897 edition, it listed people alphabetically and provided fuller biographical details.

In 1973, a spinoff version, called The Academic Who's Who, was released by the same publisher. Both the first edition, published in 1973, and the second edition, published in 1975, were published by Adam & Charles Black in London. The first US edition was published by Bowker in New York, and the second by Gale Research in Detroit.[19] The second edition contained biographies of almost seven thousand academics.[20][21]

A full online edition of the work was launched in 2005. However, it continues to be published annually in hard copy.

A history of Who's Who was published to coincide with the 150th edition in 1998.[11] "Preface with a Brief History 1849–1998" was included in Who's Who 1998.

Biographies

Academics who study elites have used the book as the primary reference for determining who's part of the British elite, and journalists agree that the book is a prime guide to the country's establishment.[22][23] The biographies have received both praise and criticism.

Inclusiveness

The subjects of Who's Who entries include peers, MPs, judges, senior civil servants, writers, actors, lawyers, scientists, researchers, athletes and artists. 50 percent of new entrants (such as those holding a professorial chair at Oxbridge, hereditary members of the aristocracy, MPs, judges, etc.) are included automatically by virtue of their office; the other 50 percent are chosen at the discretion of a board of advisors.[24] Inclusion has come to carry a considerable level of prestige: Paul Levy stated in The Wall Street Journal in 1996 that having an entry in Who's Who "really puts the stamp of eminence on a modern British life".[25]

Once someone is included in Who's Who they remain in it for life: MPs, for example, are not removed when they leave Parliament. The 7th Earl of Lucan continued to be listed in the book after he went missing in 1974 and after he was declared legally dead in 1999.[26][27] He was listed in Who's Who 2016, which was published in 2015.[28]As of 2022, the most recent version of his entry on the Who's Who & Who Was Who website is dated 1 December 2016.[29]

Inclusion in Who's Who does not involve any payment by or to the subject, or even any obligation to buy a copy.[30] Some individuals have attempted to offer bribes to the publishers in attempts to be included. To shield themselves from unwanted pressures, the editorial staff and selection panel operate in anonymity.[31]

The publication is dominated by people who are active in British political life, including the members of the Scottish Parliament, Welsh and Northern Ireland Assemblies, members of the House of Commons, the chief executives of all UK cities and counties, and foreign ambassadors accredited to London.[32] There is a high proportion of Oxford and Cambridge (Britain's most prestigious universities) graduates among the new entrants.[32]

The inclusiveness of the publication has received both praise and criticism.[32] In a review of Who's Who, 1907, the Law Magazine and Review wrote "So comprehensive is the scheme of the work that it is well-nigh impossible to find any person at all entitled to be considered prominent in any particular sphere, whose biography is not included".[33] The Expository Times wrote that Who's Who, 1910 included "Everybody who is anybody".[34] The Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects wrote that the choice of subjects included in Who's Who 1936 was generally appropriate.[35] The publication was criticised in The Spectator in 2004 for its lack of inclusion of well known celebrities, sports personalities, solicitors, and the quasi-totality of Britain's wealthiest people.[31] In 2010, Charles Moore criticised the criticism of the inclusiveness of Who's Who.[36] In 2021, it was reported that Michael Grade had criticised the inclusiveness of Who's Who.[37]

One former editor of The International Who’s Who quoted in The Independent in 2015 indicated that Arthur Scargill and Tony Benn were included in Who's Who against their wishes, and that W. S. Gilbert was "threatened with being given a concocted version of his entry unless he provided one".[38] Scargill had previously argued in 2004 that people who do not wish to be in Who's Who should be allowed to opt out.[31]

Compilation and authorship

From 1897 onwards, entries have been compiled from questionnaires filled in by their subjects and then returned to the publisher.[39][40] Lea and Day wrote that this approach normally leads to increased accuracy.[41]

It has been said that the entries, or the majority of them, are autobiographical.[39][40][18] Nature Notes described the notices of naturalists in Who's Who, 1900 as "virtually autobiographical".[42]

In A & C Black Ltd v Claude Stacey Ltd, Mr Justice Tomlin (as he then was), sitting in the Chancery Division of the High Court of Justice in England, held that the "author", within the meaning of that expression in section 5 of the Copyright Act 1911, of each biography in Who's Who was the compiler.[43] This decision has been cited as authority as to the meaning of the expression "author" in the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.[44]

In 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum questioned the compilation process of the entries.[31]

Utility

Who's Who has been repeatedly described as useful[45] and indispensible.[46]

Reliability and accuracy

The accuracy of the publication has received both praise and criticism.

Three articles by Watson-Smyth, by Crick and Rosenbaum, and by the BBC, published between 1998 and 2004, named twelve people whose entries were claimed to have displayed at least one error at some point in time (excluding entries only claimed to contain omissions).[31][26][47]

In 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum wrote that the largest number of errors were in dates of birth.[31] It has been reported that entries for Mohamed al-Fayed,[47][26] Anita Brookner,[26] Ken Dodd,[47][31] Susan Hampshire,[47][26][31] Nanette Newman,[47] and Nicholas Parsons[31] have displayed incorrect dates of birth. The BBC wrote that when Brookner was asked by the editors of Who's Who if she wanted the date corrected, she asked to have it blanked instead.[26] It has been reported that the entry for Jimmy Wray has displayed a disputed date of birth.[48]

20th century

The Saturday Review wrote that Who's Who 1904 is "generally accurate".[49] The World's Paper Trade Review wrote that "it may be relied on not only as being accurate but really authoritative".[50] The Law Magazine and Review wrote that "The accuracy of the information given shows the great care with which this work has been compiled".[51] The Law Journal wrote that the "biographical details of judges and leading members of the profession . . . so far as we have tested them, are . . . accurate".[52]

The Accountant's Magazine spoke of "the remarkable accuracy" of Who's Who, 1905.[53] The Canada Lancet wrote that "The book contains a vast amount of reliable information regarding persons of note throughout the British Empire".[54] The Law Journal wrote that the "biographical details of judges and leading lawyers . . . so far as we have tested them, are accurate".[55]

Engineering wrote that Who's Who, 1906 gave "accurate information regarding the career of men whose names are frequently before the public in an official or other capacity".[56] Notes and Queries wrote that "For those engaged in literary and journalistic pursuits, Who's Who remains the most trustworthy . . . work of personal reference".[57] The Library World wrote that "its accuracy is well maintained".[58]

The Congregationalist and Christian World wrote that Who's Who, 1907 "comes promptly to aid journalists and others who wish to consult . . . accurate biographies of the leading personages in the Western political and literary world, Britons of course predominating."[59] The Standard called it "a monument of painstaking care".[60] Page's Weekly wrote that "we have subjected Who's Who to several tests and are glad to find that the accuracy which pervades the subject matter is again worthy of high commendation".[61] Medical Record wrote that "The data about Americans mentioned in the work appear to be in the main correct, though we notice that the name of the late Albert Bierstadt, the artist, is retained in the book as though he were still living."[62] The United Service Magazine wrote that "Immense pains are taken to ensure accuracy".[63]

The Dublin Journal of Medical Science wrote that the biographies in Who's Who, 1908 "may be considered to be accurate".[64] The Electrical Review wrote that "the details may generally be regarded as accurate".[65] Page's Weekly added that "We have many occasions had reason to admire the accuracy which is attained by the Editor of Who's Who".[66]

Country Life wrote that Who's Who, 1909 was "of most praiseworthy accuracy".[67] The Scots Law Times wrote that "The information given about the persons named may be taken as reliable".[68] The Empire Review and Magazine wrote "the great pains taken to ensure accuracy gives to the volume additional value".[69] The American Review of Reviews wrote that it "continues . . . to sustain its high level of accuracy".[70]

Knowledge & Scientific News wrote that Who's Who, 1910 "is kept up-to-date and accurate".[71] The Railway News wrote that "The information is brought thoroughly up to date".[72] Country Life wrote that "This year it appears to be as accurate . . . as usual."[73] Page's Weekly wrote that "Who's Who has a notable reputation to maintain and it is not surprising to find, therefore, that exceptional care is taken to render it a reference work of unimpeachable accuracy."[74]

The accuracy of Who's Who 1935 was praised by Public Opinion,[75] by the Solicitors' Journal,[76] by the Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal[77] and by the Clinical Journal.[78] The accuracy of Who's Who 1936 was praised by Engineering.[79] The Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal also praised the accuracy of that edition, but wrote that the book included an entry for a deceased person.[80] The accuracy of Who's Who 1937 was praised by the Municipal Journal & Public Works Engineer.[81] The accuracy of Who's Who 1938 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene[82] and by the New Statesman and Nation.[83] The accuracy of Who's Who 1939 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene.[84]

The accuracy of Who's Who, 1940 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene,[85] and the reliability of that edition was praised by The Tennessee Teacher.[86] The accuracy of Who's Who, 1941 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene,[87] by the Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal[88] and by the Municipal Journal & Local Government Administrator.[89]The accuracy of Who's Who, 1942 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene[90] and by The Accountant.[91] The accuracy of Who's Who, 1943 was praised by the Medical Press and Circular.[92] The accuracy of certain entries in Who's Who, 1944 was praised by the Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene.[93] The accuracy of Who's Who, 1946 was praised by the Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal.[94] The accuracy of Who's Who, 1949 was praised by Subscription Books Bulletin.[95]

In 1957, the reliability of Who's Who was praised by Ajit Kumar Mukherjee.[96]

The accuracy and reliability of Who's Who 1970 was praised by Bodhan S Wynar.[97] The accuracy of Who's Who 1973 was praised by Reference and Subscription Books Reviews.[98] In 1974, the reliability of Who's Who was praised by John Richard Meredith Wilson.[99] In 1975, the accuracy of Who's Who was praised by Carolyn Sue Peterson.[100]

The accuracy of Who's Who 1982 was praised by Jefferson D Caskey.[101] The accuracy of Who's Who 1985 was praised by Jefferson D Caskey.[102] In 1986, the reliability of Who's Who was praised by John Richard Meredith Wilson.[103] The accuracy of the entry for Reginald William Revans in Who's Who 1987 was praised by Yury Boshyk and Robert L Dilworth.[104]

In 1995, the reliability of Who's Who was praised by Glenda Norquay.[105]

21st century

In 2001, BBC News qualified some of the entrants as "a little economical with the truth".[26] Writing in The Spectator about a radio documentary on the book they did for BBC Radio 4 in 2004, Michael Crick and Martin Rosenbaum questioned the accuracy of the entries. They listed, amongst others, one entry that claimed an inexistent degree and one entry that formerly claimed an incorrect alma mater.[31] In 2014, the reliability of the Who's Who & Who Was Who website was praised by Fred Burchsted.[106]

The publishing director for reference books of Bloomsbury, which owns the publisher of Who's Who, stated that if an inaccuracy was pointed to the editors, they would raise it with the biographee first. If the biographee insisted or failed to respond, however, no correction would be issued. The director stated that only a tiny minority of inaccuracies were not corrected.[31]

In 2001, BBC News claimed that former MP Jeffrey Archer had listed Brasenose College, Oxford under the education part of his Who's Who entry, despite having no degree and only attended a one-year postgraduate physical education course.[26] Previously, in a 1997 letter to the editor of The Independent, Paul Flather of Oxford University had written that the training course Archer took at Brasenose College was "not strictly a university course", and that his Who's Who entry also incorrectly listed his year of attendance.[107] In 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum wrote that the entry for Archer had listed an incorrect sum of money.[31]

Omissions

In 2004, Crick and Rosenbaum named six people whose entries were claimed to have contained at least one omission at some point in time (excluding entries claimed to have displayed at least one error at some point in time).[31]

Omissions have taken place in the past. Jeremy Paxman has also calculated that only 8% of new entrants in 2008 made any reference to marital breakdown, which is far below the national average.[32]

Who Was Who

When the subject of a Who's Who entry dies, the biography is transferred to the next volume of Who Was Who, where it is usually printed as it appeared in its last Who's Who, with the date of death added.

The first volume of Who Was Who covered deaths between 1897 and 1915. They were then published at 10-year intervals, and since 1990 at five-year intervals.

Who Was Who series:

  1. 1897–1915, 1988 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-2670-4
  2. 1916–1928, 1992 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-3143-0
  3. 1929–1940, 1967 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-0171-X
  4. 1941–1950, 1980 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-2131-1
  5. 1951–1960, 1984 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-2598-8
  6. 1961–1970, 1979 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-2008-0
  7. 1971–1980, 1989 reprint: ISBN 0-7136-3227-5
  8. 1981–1990: 1991 ISBN 0-7136-3336-0
  9. 1991–1995: 1996 ISBN 0-7136-4496-6
  10. 1996–2000: 2001 ISBN 0-7136-5439-2
  11. 2001–2005: 2006 ISBN 0-7136-7601-9
  12. 2006–2010: 2011 ISBN 9781408146583
  13. 2011–2015: 2016 ISBN 9781472924322

References
  1. Bloomsbury.com. "Bloomsbury - Who's Who". www.bloomsbury.com.
  2. "Who's Who and Who Was Who Online". oup.com.
  3. "Who's Who". ukwhoswho.com.
  4. Michael J Marcuse. A Reference Guide for English Studies. University of California Press. 1990. p 114.
  5. Sowerds and Chenoweth. The Reference Librarian's Bible. Libraries Unlimited. 2018. p 49.
  6. "Reference" in "New Books and New Editions" (1906) 24 Book News 531
  7. Arnold Levitas. Editorial English. Roy Press. New York City. 1924. p 248. There are similar comments in "Book Reviews" (1920) 32 The Writer 77 and in Kroeger, Guide to the Study and Use of Reference Books, 3rd Ed, 1917, p 137.
  8. "who's who". Macmillan Dictionary.
  9. Christine Ammer. The American Heritage Dictionary of Idioms. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company. 1992. 1997. 2003. The Free Dictionary. Farlex.
  10. Who's Who. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English.
  11. "More about Who's Who". OUP.
  12. "Albert Nelson Marquis" in "Obituary Notes" (1944) 145 Publishers Weekly 130 Google Books
  13. Alice Bertha Kroeger. Guide to the Study and Use of Reference Books. Third Edition. American Library Association. 1917. p 137.
  14. Ryan and Tankard. Basic News Reporting. Mayfield Publishing Company. 1977. p 385.
  15. Frederic Boase. "Addison, Henry Robert" in Modern English Biography. 1892. Volume 1. Page 1819.
  16. Frederic Boase. "Oakes, Charles Henry" in Modern English Biography. 1897. Volume 2. Page 1871.
  17. "Who's Who". National Library of Australia Catalogue.
  18. Margaretta Jolly (ed). "Who's Who" in Encyclopedia of Life Writing: Autobiographical and Biographical Forms. Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers. 2001. Routledge. 2013. ISBN 157958232X. Volume 1. Page 939.
  19. For a scan of the first edition, see Google Books: .
  20. "Some recent additions to the Library", ACU Bulletin of Current Documentation, Issues 12-41, page 30 (Association of Commonwealth Universities) Google Books
  21. For reviews of The Academic Who's Who, see (1973) 49 International Affairs 529 (RIIA) JSTOR; "Academic Who's Who", Glasgow Herald, City Edition, 10 February 1973, p 8, col 2; "Academic Who's Who" (1978) 8 British Studies Monitor 53 ; The Library Journal Book Review 1973, p 1 ; "The Academic Who's Who 1973-1974" (1974) 70 Book Review Digest 3 ; "Reference" (1973) 10 Choice 593 ; (1976) 13 Choice 296 (Issues 1 to 7) ; (1976) 101 Library Journal 2268 ; "Dictionary of academics", ACU Bulletin of Current Documentation, Issues 1-11, p 20 ; (1973) British Book News 286 . For other commentary, see Elizabeth M Moys, Manual of Law Librarianship, BIALL, 1976, pp 410 & 411, Second Edition, GK Hall, 1987, pp 373 & 381 ; Bohdan S Wynar (ed), "641. The Academic Who's Who 1975-1976" in American Reference Books Annual 1977, Libraries Unlimited, 1977, vol 8, p 311 ; "Educators and Scholars" (1975) 2 Readers Advisory Service 60 (Issues 76 to 150) ; (1973) 1 Reference Services Review 9 ; Ronald H Fritze, Brian E Coutts and Louis Andrew Vyhnanek, Reference Sources in History: An Introductory Guide, ABC-CLIO, Second Edition, 2004, p 208.
  22. Friedman, Sam; Reeves, Aaron (15 April 2020). "From Aristocratic to Ordinary: Shifting Modes of Elite Distinction". American Sociological Review. 85 (2): 323–350. doi:10.1177/0003122420912941. ISSN 0003-1224.
  23. "The who's who of who's not in the latest 'Who's Who'". The Independent. 6 December 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2022.
  24. Friedman and Reeves (2020), 328.
  25. Paul Levy. "(Sex) Lives and Deaths of British Worthies". Wall Street Journal. 9 August 1996.
  26. "How to get in Who's Who". BBC News. 18 January 2001. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  27. "Lord Lucan 'officially dead'", BBC News Online, 27 October 1999.
  28. "Lucan". Who's Who 2016. p 1422.
  29. Lucan, 7th Earl of, (Richard John Bingham). Who's Who & Who Was Who. 1 December 2016.
  30. "Confidentiality" in "Biographees". Who's Who & Who Was Who.
  31. Rosenbaum, Martin; Crick, Michael (10 July 2004). "How to get into Who's Who". The Spectator.
  32. Paxman, Jeremy (1 December 2007). "Who's new in Who's Who?". The Daily Telegraph. Archived from the original on 6 February 2008.
  33. "Works of Reference" (1907) 32 Law Magazine and Review 256
  34. (1910) 21 The Expository Times 229
  35. "Who's Who" (1936) 45 Journal of the Royal Institute of British Architects 432 (No 8: 22 February 1936)
  36. Charles Moore, Recreations? Try a dip into 'Who's Who'. The Daily Telegraph. 5 January 2010. ProQuest
  37. Valentine Low. Latest Who’s Who doesn’t list Eddie Redmayne or Olivia Colman. The Times. 8 February 2021.
  38. Johnston, Ian (6 December 2015). "Benedict Cumberbatch, Keira Knightley and Chiwetel Ejiofor among 'farcical' omissions from Who's Who". The Independent. Retrieved 11 February 2022.
  39. About. Who's Who & Who Was Who.
  40. "Who's Who in 2022?". Who's Who & Who Was Who.
  41. Peter W Lea and Alan Edwin Day. Printed Reference Material and Related Sources of Information. Third Edition. Library Association. 1990. p 85.
  42. "Reviews and Exchanges" (1900) 11 Nature Notes: The Selborne Society's Magazine 135
  43. A and C Black Limited v Claude Stacey Limited [1929] 1 Ch 177; (1928) 44 Times Law Reports 347; (1928) 98 Law Journal Reports 131, Ch D
  44. Halsbury's Laws of England, Fourth Edition, 2006 Reissue, LexisNexis Butterworths, 2006, Volume 9(2), paragraph 111 at page 91
  45. "Who's Who" (1910) 98 The Builder 20 (1 January 1910). "Reviews and Book Notices" (1906) The Naturalist 56. "Who's Who" (1909) 62 The Electrician 518 (8 January 1909). Marke, A Catalogue of the Law Collection at New York University, 1953, p 1201. Brian White, Studying for Science, Spon Press, 1991, p 48. Ferguson, "Name Games" (1990) 184 Country Life 121 (1 March 1990).
  46. (1898) 29 World's Paper Trade Review 38 (18 March 1898). (1940) 35 The AMA 43 (January 1940). "Literature" (1942) 58 The Scottish Law Review and Sheriff Court Reports 33. Malcolm J Campbell, Manual of Business Library Practice, Second Edition, Clive Bingley, London, 1985, p 108.
  47. Kate Watson-Smyth. 150 years for the guide to who's who and what's what. The Independent. 24 March 1998.
  48. Ex-Labour MP Jimmy Wray, son of Gorbals, dies. The Herald. 25 May 2013.
  49. (1903) 96 The Saturday Review 808 (26 December 1903)
  50. "Who's Who?" (1904) 41 World's Paper Trade Review 39 (19 February 1904)
  51. "Some Works of Reference" in "Reviews" (1904) 29 Law Magazine and Review (Fifth Series) 383 (May 1904)
  52. "Reviews" (1903) 38 The Law Journal 613 (12 December 1903)
  53. "Reviews" (1905) 9 The Accountant's Magazine 39
  54. "Who's Who 1905" (1905) 38 Canada Lancet 566
  55. (1904) 39 The Law Journal 665 (10 December 1904)
  56. (1905) 80 Engineering 882 (29 December 1905)
  57. "Notes on Books &c" (1905) 4 Notes and Queries (Tenth Series) 540 (30 December 1905)
  58. (1906) 8 The Library World 247
  59. "The Literature of the Day" (1907) 92 Congregationalist and Christian World 187 (9 February 1907)
  60. "Who's Who, 1907" (1907) 54 The Standard 671 (2 February 1907)
  61. "Who's Who, 1907, and other Publications" (1907) 10 Page's Weekly 142 (18 January 1907)
  62. "Book Reviews" (1907) 71 Medical Record 620 (13 April 1907)
  63. "Reviews" (1907) 34 United Service Magazine 455
  64. "Year Books for 1908" (1908) 125 The Dublin Journal of Medical Science 43
  65. "Book Notices" (1908) 62 The Electrical Review 177 (31 January 1908)
  66. "Who's Who, 1908" in "Works of Reference" (1908) 12 Page's Weekly 146 (17 January 1908)
  67. (1909) 24 Country Life 888 (19 December 1908)
  68. [1909] 2 Scots Law Times 15 (23 January 1909)
  69. (1909) 17 The Empire Review 88
  70. (1909) 39 American Review of Reviews 382
  71. (1910) 33 Knowledge & Scientific News 35
  72. "Who's Who, 1910" (1909) 92 The Railway News 1114 (25 December 1909)
  73. "Reference Books" (1909) 26 Country Life 854 (11 December 1909)
  74. (1910) 16 Page's Weekly 32 (7 January 1910)
  75. "Who's Who, 1935" (1935) 147 Public Opinion 17 (4 January 1935)
  76. (1935) 79 The Solicitors' Journal 158 (2 March 1935)
  77. "Who's Who, 1935" (1935) 69 Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal 8 (5 January 1935)
  78. "Reviews" (1935) 64 The Clinical Journal 88 (February 1935)
  79. "Annuals and Reference Books" (1936) 141 Engineering 38 (10 January 1936)
  80. "Reviews" (1936) 70 Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal 4 (4 January 1936)
  81. "Who's Who" (1937) 46 Municipal Journal & Public Works Engineer 332 (12 February 1937)
  82. "Book Reviews" (1937) 1 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 247
  83. "Shorter Notices" (1938) 15 The New Statesman and Nation 454 (12 March 1938)
  84. "Book Reviews" (1939)2 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 132
  85. "Book Reviews" (1940) 3 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 24
  86. "Teachers ' Bookshelf" (1939) 7 The Tennessee Teacher 32
  87. "Book Reviews" (1941) 4 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 37
  88. (1941) 75 Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal 58 (1 March 1941)
  89. "Who's Who 1941" (1941) 49 Municipal Journal & Local Government Administrator 128 (31 January 1941)
  90. Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene, 1942, vols 5 to 6, p 46
  91. "Review" (1942) 106 The Accountant 131 (28 February 1942)
  92. "Reviews of New Books" (1943) 209 Medical Press and Circular 144 (3 March 1943). See also the review at (1943) 10 Metallurgical Abstracts 100.
  93. "Book Review" (1944) 7 Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene 126
  94. "Reviews" (1946) 80 Irish Law Times and Solicitors' Journal 267 (19 October 1946)
  95. Subscription Books Bulletin, April 1950, p 31 (scan of vols 21 to 23)
  96. Mukherjee. Manual of Reference Work. World Press Private Ltd. Calcutta. 1957. p 87.
  97. Wynar, "Who's Who 1970-1971. American Reference Books Annual 1971. Second Edition. Libraries Unlimited. para 211. p 77 at p 78.
  98. Reference and Subscription Books Reviews 1972-1974. American Library Association. 1975. p 385 at p 386.
  99. John R M Wilson. Research Guide in History. General Learning Press. 1974. p 81.
  100. Peterson. Reference Books for Elementary and Junior High School Libraries. Second Edition. Scarecrow Press. 1975. p 83.
  101. Caskey, "Who's Who 1982-1983". Bohdan S Wynar (ed). American Reference Books Annual 1983. Libraries Unlimited. vol 14. para 99. p 47 at p 48.
  102. Caskey, "Who's Who 1985-1986". Bodhan S Wynar (ed). Best Reference Books, 1981-1985. Libraries Unlimited. 1986. para 123. p 66.
  103. Wilson. A New Research Guide in History. Palisades Publishers. 1986. p 33.
  104. Boshyk and Dilworth. Action Learning: History and Evolution. Palgrave Macmillan. 2010. p 252.
  105. Glenda Norquay. Voices and Votes: A Literary Anthology of the Women's Suffrage Campaign. Manchester University Press. 1995. p 306.
  106. Whitlatch and Searing (eds). Guide to Reference: Essential General Reference and Library Science Sources. American Library Association. 2014. Number 60.
  107. Flather, PCR (9 August 1997). "Letter: Oxford year(s)". The Independent. Retrieved 23 March 2022.

Further reading
  • Ballou. Reference Books. PACAF Library Service Center. (Fifth Air Force, Pacific Air Forces). 1 September 1968. pp 178 & 179.
  • Fritze, Coutts and Vyhnanek. Reference Sources in History: An Introductory Guide. ABC-CLIO. Second Edition. 2004. pp 199 & 201.
  • James L Harner. Literary Research Guide. Fifth Edition. MLA. 2008. p 188.
  • Birch and Hooper. The Concise Oxford Companion to English Literature. Fourth Edition. 2012. p 772.
  • "What's What of Who's Who". Western Mail. 15 December 2001. TheFreeLibrary.
  • Gary Archer, "Review of Who's Who Online 2013 edition" (2013) 29 Refer 3 (No 1, Spring 2013) ProQuest
  • "Who's Who Online" (2007) 21 Reference Reviews 63 ProQuest
  • Malcolm Gladwell. "Nice to meet you. But what on earth are you doing here?" in "Books" in "The week in Reviews". The Observer. 11 January 1998. ProQuest
  • (1983) 250 The Spectator, 2 April 1983, p 16
  • Alan Watkins, "Who he?" (1979) 242 The Spectator, 12 May 1979, p 22 ProQuest [Review of Who's Who 1979]
  • "The Longest Novel" (1970) 258 Punch 731 (13 May 1970) [Review of Who's Who 1970]
  • "Curious Facts about Famous People" (1963) 44 Time and Tide 26 (21 to 27 March 1963) [Review of Who's Who 1963]
  • "Reviewed work: Who's Who". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 92 (4676): 618–619. 1944. JSTOR 41362125.
  • "Reviewed work: Who's Who 1940; the Writers' and Artists' Year Book 1940; the Official Year Book of the Scientific and Learned Societies of Great Britain and Ireland". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 88 (4558): 502. 1940. JSTOR 41402209.
  • "Reviewed work: Who's Who, 1938". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 86 (4449): 355. 1938. JSTOR 41361252.
  • "Reviewed work: Who's Who, 1937". Journal of the Royal Society of Arts. 85 (4388): 168. 1936. JSTOR 41360910.
  • "Reviewed work: Whitaker's Almanack, 1915; Who's Who, 1915". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 26 (143): 216–217. 1915. JSTOR 859969.
  • "Reviewed work: Who's Who, 1910; Who's Who Year Book, 1910; the Writers' and Artists' Year Book, 1910; the Englishwoman's Year Book, 1910". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 16 (82): 237. 1910. JSTOR 858036.
  • "Reviewed work: Who's Who, 1909; the English-Woman's Year Book and Directory, G. E. Mitton; Who's Who Year-Book for 1909; the Writer's and Artist's Year-Book, 1909". The Burlington Magazine for Connoisseurs. 14 (70): 249. 1909. JSTOR 857772.
  • (1903) 19 Law Quarterly Review 109 Internet Archive Google Books
  • (1903) 37 Law Journal 611 Google Books
  • "Current Literature", The Spectator, 4 February 1865, p 20
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