Right off the bat, I'm going to point out a red flag about the coat you've attached: the shell has some undisclosed amount of polyamide. This doesn't make it bad per se, but I wouldn't want to spend $400 on it either. I have a winter overcoat that is 60% wool, 40% poly, but I also got it for $95 on sale.

As a general note, I would look at fabric weight. Anything in the mid to high 20s is going to be a true winter coat, ideally made of Melton wool. Pure wool is going to run you into the 400s and above, but is absolutely worth it as an investment.

For your needs, I would recommend taking a look at Schott--they have a bridge coat that is within the higher end of your budget. Not sure if you mean NYC for New York (although its been aggressively mild here this year), but they do have a store in Soho.