Yes, you definitely can see star colors if you have a nice dark-sky area. In this pic, Betelgeuse is noticeably orange-red. And Sirius is a bright blue-white. The naked eye can also notice the magenta color of the Great Orion Nebula. Of course, long exposure photos (and vibrance/saturation adjustments) make it all more noticeable, but it's very cool to even get a glimpse of it in real life, out in the dark looking up at the sky.