For the people wondering “What’s the limit” or “What happens at 1nm”, you should know that “3nm” is just marketing speak, not the real size of the die. It doesn’t mean anything, other than it’s better than “4nm”.

According to the projections contained in the 2021 update of the International Roadmap for Devices and Systems published by IEEE Standards Association Industry Connection, a 3 nm node is expected to have a contacted gate pitch of 48 nanometers and a tightest metal pitch of 24 nanometers.

That said, after “3nm” they’ll go to “2nm”, and after that they’ll start referring to things in “Angstrom” terms instead. 20A, 18A, and so on.

1A = 0.1nm