> The typical answer (summarized) is that "local mass interaction totally overcomes spatial expansion, so only the gravitional effect exists in local systems", but it still seems that there would still have to be some accounting that some of the gravitional "pull" is having to be "used up" to counteract the expansion.

This is indeed the typical answer but it's not correct. Expansion of space doesn't affect particle dynamics at all. It's just a mathematical convention.

See for example this entry of the askscience FAQ