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Indemnity4 t1_je8byp8 wrote

We are running out of cheap, easily available, high-purity commercial helium.

Helium mostly comes from natural gas / fracking. The US gas reserves are naturally rich in helium, which is why they are the largest global producer. It will be something like 1-4% of the gas in a given gas well, but can be up to 10% of the gas well by volume. Before they put it in the pipeline and send natural gas to your house, they separate out all the other gases such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, nitrogen, and helium.

What USA government used to do was require the few giant mega gas producers to separate the helium and send it to a central facility. Now that gas producing regions have relocated and split into multiple smaller units it is no longer financial sense to do the separation and transport.

Unfortunately, helium is still really cheap. It's only $7 cubic meter! It is not worth the cost of running the separator and a bottling plant just for helium. Instead, it gets released to the atmosphere.

Future developments include the price of helium increasing to the point it does make financial sense to separate helium from smaller gas wells. Also, potentially direct helium mining. There are some areas in the world where there are underground caverns full of concentrated helium that could be mined and captured.

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