I don't know about paper airplanes, but here's an antenna that is the result of a supercomputer running simulations with an evolutionary algorithm.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_antenna

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Evolutionary algorithms are basically the same as evolution, but to summarize evolutionary algorithms for those who aren't CS majors: First, you generate a random population of candidates. You test each candidate for fitness to see which ones best meet the criteria and survive the generation (in this case by simulating the antenna.) You take the top few candidates and populate a new generation with a few thousand descendants that randomly mix a little of each parent and a small amount of pure random mutation. After hundreds or thousands of generations, you display the most highly evolved candidate.