Viewing a single comment thread. View all comments

islandsimian t1_j2014fc wrote

Do we now when language started? Was it before or after we migrated out of Africa?

14

sneakacat t1_j22da9u wrote

PBS Eons has a video that discusses fossil evidence for the anatomy required to make human speech. Essentially, about 3 million years ago.

[When We First Talked] (https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=eCW0zyDGuXc)

10

TeeDeeArt t1_j29ltp1 wrote

I think your answer is good for speech but it is overly specific.

OP asked about language, this answer is only about speech.

There are good theoretical arguments that the first languages were in fact sign languages (the gesture-first hypthesis) https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13423-016-1117-3 . This article is quite accessible and lists some of the main arguments for it (while ultimately coming to a conclusion that the author things they arrose at the same time).

One argument I remember but that that article didn't mention was the benefits of gesture during hunts and ambushes though, co-ordinating these with spoken language doesn't work all that well unless the hunter is already afoot. And we do see hunter gatherer societies with sign languages (or rather, it is the same language using sign) today still.

Other arguments that are in the article include primates already existing gestural systems, as well as the ability and capacity to teach them some symbolic gestures from sign languages (no, koko did not 'know sign language', but she did know some signs).

As we see this in our modern primate cousins, a greater affinity for signed languages as compared to complex vocalisations, I'd ask why would our ancestors be different? Given the advantages to signed languages at particular times, the developing hand and tool manipulation skills our ancesters were fostering, and the likely already existing gestural system, I'd agree that the gesture-first hypothesis is at least plausible.

2

flimspringfield t1_j222a1x wrote

Oldest known language is Sumerian and that was more than 5000 years ago.

Prior to that I would say it's not possible to know since it was probably never written down.

0