Interesting. But a few things not mentioned. Some physical books stay on the shelves for years but likely just one copy after a time. Physical books get damaged so there are likely limited checkouts, especially on very popular books. How long? It depends. The quality of binding which can also mean more expensive I'd guess. It could be one checkout or 20. Most people are likely careful with library books but there are certainly those who are not. Those have to be taken out of circulation. Most very popular books have a shorter life. So there are advantages to ebooks. They never get damaged. And it can be decided they don't need 6 licenses anymore. And the budget as many have said. My library encourages ebooks and Libby. People are reading.

Also don't think publishers hate libraries. I think its difficult to figure out fair use. Its still very new.