Yes. The answer is all of the above and probably more. How this impacts public schools still remains to be seen a little - give it a few more years. "Gentrifcation" isn't new, but schools are slow to change.

Some urban schools, not just exam schools or magnets, can be excellent though poorly rated due to the inability to properly track students K-12. We're talking about a more mobile population. Some kids move from Eastie to Chelsea and back again while in High School, and those are not the same municipalities. I have personal experience with CHS and students can really thrive there, but scores reflect the transient nature of the population and high percentage of ELL students. Scores aren't everything. Scores don't show how well those students have actually progressed while at CHS. If you really want to know how good "the schools" are, track students who have been in the system K through 12 or at least most of it.

Also, look for turnover. If there's a new principal or superintendent every other year, regardless of what kind of school it is, rule that place out. It has problems.

I live in a gateway city and we are exploring two options right now for kindergarten. 1. Public school. 2. Secular private school. There will be no charters or religiously affiliated schools in our short list.