I'm assuming what you meant by this question is less the semantics and mathematics side and actually the computer engineering side. Computer logic operates in binary because the tiny switches that make up all of the logic in processor or microcontroller only have two determinate states, on or off.

The other option would be analog, which would technically be an infnitie number of states. There is a growing field of analog compute-in-memory being pioneered by SST. But this is extremely advanced level semi-conductor architecture and beyond the scope of what this question was likely looking for.