Key Notes podcast (by Cole Cuchna) explored some of this in 2 episodes that really stood out to me

Why does music give us chills?:

https://open.spotify.com/episode/2mzKfzWfVZnJyldEPTDRwp?si=c0089b3606874520

The most beautiful chord ever?:

https://open.spotify.com/episode/7zFYICP6bDYGrqQGDGsS1F?si=c4dc46adaff34cfb

It's not specific to vocal-less music but I think the same concepts apply. Music has the power to evoke emotion based on how we perceive patterns, and with different notes relations to one another. A minor chord will make us feel sad and a major chord will make us feel happy, and enough of these together will form patterns that put in the right context will make us feel things.

Subverted expectations also play a big part as he talks about in the 2nd episode for what creates beautiful sequences too