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phiwong t1_j2e67cs wrote

While steel melts at a relatively high temperature relative to other metals like copper, aluminium, gold, silver and tin etc, it is not at a temperature that is unimaginably high. (maybe 1.5x to 3x).

Things like stone, ceramics, clay and sand can easily withstand the melting temperature of steel. All you need is to make the container out of this kind of materials. (This is why the forge doesn't melt when steel is melted)

There are also other metals that have higher melting points than steel - titanium for example. But titanium is way too expensive to make into forging containers - a simple clay container is sufficient.

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Macawesone t1_j2f4hib wrote

how do they hold titanium Tungsten when melted

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cipher315 t1_j2fajqj wrote

Again ceramic. all ceramics have melting points well over 1000c higher than tungsten, the mettle with the highest melting point.

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Macawesone t1_j2fgfsb wrote

this isn't correct tho Ultra high temperature ceramics have a melting point ranging from around 2000c to just under 4000c while tungsten melts at 3442c i am not saying that the ceramic doesn't work i am just mentioning your well over 1000c higher claim is incorrect

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AAVale t1_j2e5i76 wrote

They use something called a refractory material to line the various containers, and these are a bit like the tiles on the space shuttle, very VERY resistant to heat. They do need to be replaced on a regular schedule, but they keep the containers from melting on the surface.

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TheJeeronian t1_j2eal62 wrote

You make it out of something other than metal. Carbon and ceramic are good options for parts of a forge. These materials are way more heat resistant than metal.

These materials are produced by a method other than forging so it doesn't require anything to be even more heat resistant.

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Griff223 t1_j2eb64d wrote

The container used to melt metals is called a crucible.

https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crucible

It is usually ceramic, which doesn’t really melt, and can get way hotter than most if not all molten metals without breaking. So they fill it with little pieces of metal, set it in the furnace, and wait for it to melt.

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sterlingphoenix t1_j2es0g4 wrote

I've personally built a crucible that can reach over 1,000C from parts I bought mostly at Home Depot for about $150. Imagine what you could do with an actual budget -- there are plenty of materials that can contain molten steel.

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CMG30 t1_j2ezp3l wrote

As others have pointed out, you use materials in the container that have a higher melting point than the steel you want to melt.

A more interesting question is how do rocket nozzles not melt because they need to deal with both temps and pressures that will melt the materials they're made of in a matter of only seconds... And they need to do it in an environment that has no air to conduct away the heat...

Part of that answer is to use the cryogenic fuel as coolant before combusting it.

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