Headphones with mics on a pole (called a boom mic, and the whole thing is usually called a headset) are usually superior for calls.

The microphone is in the best position to record one’s voice: directly in front of the mouth. You can get very clear speech.

For me, the more important distinction is the mic ONLY records where it’s pointed to. Everything else doesn’t get recorded, at least on good headsets. No one on the other end of the line can tell if you’re in a noisy office or cafe. When I’m wearing my Jabra headset, someone could be talking to me and the mic won’t pick it up.

Headphones with built-in mics in the cups will record almost everything. Better ones have beam-forming to focus on your mouth but it’s not perfect (at least today). Because the mic is further away from your mouth, it (1) can’t record as clear and (2) needs to figure out what needs to be recorded vs ignored. They’re mostly fine in quiet environments, but people will have a hard time listening to you if you’re in a noisy one.

You can compare mic recordings from something “high end” like Sony XM5 vs a basic Razer Kraken headset. It’s a huge difference.