Yes! I had AT&T on one SIM for my personal number and Verizon on another SIM for my work number. But I had all data go through Verizon, and would forward my personal number to my work number when traveling internationally as work would flip the bill for international calling. It worked very well and was something I rarely had to deal with once I set it up.

Eventually I changed the AT&T personal to Verizon because, well, I hate AT&T.

And when I left that job, Apple was able to transfer my personal sim to a new phone and my personal contacts went with it and my business contacts stayed on that phone which, I believe is more a function of iCloud.