> Like the title states, I am trying to discern how much money my 401(k) effectively “made” for me last year.

Every 401(k) web site I've ever used shows a personal rate of return, sometimes with the ability to customize the period.

> I have a Roth 401(k) and I contributed the full IRS maximum of $22,500 and I get a 5% employer match. According to my 401(k) it has gone up just under $21k last year which to me seems like it only went up by what I and my employer contributed

The stock market was down last year. This is not surprising.