Texas is a community property state. So all debts incurred during the marriage belong to both spouses. You both would have to file together.

Upside is Texas has some of the best protections from creditors. As you noted your homestead exemption is unlimited. You can each exempt your vehicles and combined can protect up to 100k in crs and other assets. Your income cannot be garnished for consumer/medical debts.

So even absent filing for bankruptcy the only thing at risk would be large amounts of money sitting in a bank account that could be levied after a creditor would sue you and win a judgement against you.

You do need to really prioritize your budget. You should never be paying a cent toward credit cards or unsecured loans before ensuring your mortgage is fully paid.