No, it's mostly a product of Chinese American immigrants and didn't really make it's way back to China. Except for the very large and international cities, China doesn't really have a tradition of eating food from other cultures.

I found one Chinese American restaurant when I lived there, and it was in Shanghai which is probably the most international Chinese city. It was in a neighborhood that's very popular with American and European expats, so mainlanders were certainly not their target demographic.