Lack of information creates information through the senses, but to answer your question, a few of the problems you are raising is past the circle of meaning that these theory’s tried to circumscribe.

In response to the other answers you got, notice how you addressed with 19/20th century science, that is one of the reasons the empiricism failed along the way (it had a lot of problems even within its time) but the main problem that derives to from this perspective, especially to someone like you or me from the 20/21th is that Empiricism understand “data”, “objects” as a thing with meaning, we “extracted” knowledge from the objects, much of the 19th century philosophy was the transition and understanding that we Create data.

Now Hume is a bit of a more special case where we don’t learn things but by “experiencing” things we, in a non action base, derive knowledge from it.

This is all very complex and I’m trying to just give you a picture of the whole, if we go in specifics a lot more needs to be said and precised.