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YoungXanto t1_itvklp5 wrote

Even the hard sciences are the domains of inferred causality.

Hume remarks about billiard balls

>if I see one billiard ball rolling toward another, how do I know that the second ball will move when it is struck?

That is, experience is a necessary precursor to knowledge. And our observations are limited to only the confines of the single experiment from which they emerge. Repeated measurements add evidence of a causal outcome, but the state space of our observations is necessarily a subspace of the entire space of observable outcomes and we also assume the state space is time-invariant. We can therfore never be absolutely certain about anything because we can never be absolutely certain about the space we haven't sampled (which is admittedly a bit of a tautology)

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