They got caught because of internal investigations at JAXA, found the root cause themselves and are working on steps to ensure the incident doesn't repeat themselves. Overall JAXA handled the problem fairly well after catching it.

China only gets caught red-handed making up data when external researchers dig into it. Deny the problem, try to censor it. Keep trying to cheat science but work on steps to better hide what they're doing so they don't get caught again. Overall there's an ongoing systematic scientific fraud in Chinese academia.

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