Here's one that was strongly influential on Squid Game: Kaiji Ultimate Survivor (anime). Technically it isn't always a death game (though at least one arc is).

I have seen the Dangenronpa anime and that is alright. I believe it is based on a series of video games that people swear by.

Another show that isn't a death game but has some of the DNA for this stuff I think is The Prisoner. The original 60s version is sometimes cited as one of the best pieces of television of its era.

The movie Would You Rather is a bit mediocre (59% RT score) but it does have some of the same elements as well.