As someone who was raised catholic but is now atheist I can tell you right now that it is impossible to truly live by that rule set and be happy, especially if you don't conform what they consider "normal". What happened might in the end be better for you since being with someone who is taught to hate themselves is not a fun trip.

Now the second thing you wrote is worrying. Sex should never make you feel horrible and icky. Think about why it did, was it because of the place you were in and because it was part of that general low point in your life or maybe you felt pressured into it? It would be ideal if you could talk to someone about it, preferably a sex/mental health professional or at least a good councilor.