My concern isn't the charging of the batteries, as with nuclear, wind and solar energy becoming more widely adopted - by 2035, most of the EU's power grid will be powered by sustainable green energy.

The batteries don't have a short life span either. Averaging around 10-20 years of usage. That's longer than most people have their combustion cars for before looking to change.

But even with that said, the lack of recycling of the batteries is a core problem. This is e-waste to the extreme. So we can only hope that by the time 2035 comes around, there will be more recyclable parts used in the batteries which will reduce that e-waste.

Biofuels are not sustainable. It would require tearing down massive amounts of land, which damages the ecosystem of the planet. Also, it's still burning. Burning anything causes damage to our o-zone layer.

You mention seaweed. Seaweed provides an important part to our marine ecosystem, providing homes and safe areas for young fish.

The future is nuclear. Nuclear energy needs more funding, more research and more study. Fusion is so close, and once that happens, we're a step in the right direction with proper sustainable energy and no e-waste.