DanelleDee

DanelleDee t1_j55pjlr wrote

They don't actually look like normal cells. Benign tumors do. Cancerous tumors, while still the same color as the tissue they originated from, usually exhibit a bunch of characteristics that are easy to see on a sample under a microscope. That's why biopsies are a common part of cancer diagnosis. After a surgery, the removed tumors borders are examined. There should be healthy cells on all edges to ensure the entire cancerous mass was removed. This might even be done before the patient is closed back up! Cancer cells are a variety of sizes and shapes rather than uniform; they are immature, often looking like cells from an embryo rather than a person who has been born; they lose their specialized features that allow them to do whatever their function is; they have multiple large nuclei (the part of the cell that holds DNA,) and that DNA is tangled; they contain less fluid; they have more blood supply growing, and they aren't attached properly to each other or surrounding tissues.

And skin cancer might appear darker because your skin is made of different types of cells. If the pigment producing cell (melanocyte, the cell that gives your skin it's color) is the cancerous one, you get a bunch of pigmented cells clustered together and it's darker than the surrounding skin cells that don't make pigment.

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DanelleDee t1_j2fdr2k wrote

This works very well. I'm doing university online, which means I get textbooks, papers, and exams, and I have an email address for questions. About 75% of the time when I start typing out a question about a part of the textbook I can't understand (most of it is biology) I manage to answer the question while trying to articulate exactly what I didn't understand.

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DanelleDee t1_j22mwvs wrote

Our vet said with our cat, (and our previous dog- who did the same thing except with barking,) that she did not appear to have any pain, but she was confused and frightened and weak, so did not feel safe alone and was probably crying out for comfort. My dog had his first episode of confusion and weakness last month. He's fourteen, and again, the vet said there's no signs of pain. I did get painkillers, just in case, but they had no effect. He just wants to be held. So I second checking it out with a vet, but it seems to be pretty common for animals to cry for help towards the end of their lives when they are probably not in pain.

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DanelleDee t1_isjgxvz wrote

Exactly! I read a book on etymology called "The Meaning of Everything." I learned that in English it is common to borrow words from other languages and spell them with Anglo-Saxon vowels and misspellings. If these are used often enough, they become a part of the English language. (For example: a Chinese* word for a tomato based condiment is adopted and corrupted into "Catsup," which eventually became "ketchup.") The oxford English dictionary keeps track but there is no one who sets rules on what is incorporated into the language. It's fluid. It changes a lot over time.

So you might be able to convince me that "adovada" is a word in English. But Spanish (and French,) are regulated. There is a board that standardizes the language and makes rulings on new words. Mistakes are not incorporated into the language. People still use "slang,' but it is always understood to be incorrect and doesn't change the original meaning of the word over time. Interestingly, this means French has only a small fraction of the number of words that English has, and older French texts are much more comprehensible to a modern reader than English texts.

*Sorry, I don't know which dialect.

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