> What do they all do?

Someone has to freeze accounts collecting money for charity until the time the money was needed most has passed!

It's more complicated than that, and mostly has to do with what people in a given region usually call them. Storms in the Atlantic and northeast Pacific (headed for North America or Europe) are hurricanes, storms in the west Pacific and east Indian Ocean (headed for east/southeast Asia) are typhoons, and storms in the south Pacific and west Indian Ocean (headed for Australia, the Middle East, or east Africa) are called cyclones.

You were right before. Mauna Kea is taller, but Mauna Loa is larger in mass and volume.

The neighboring dormant volcano, Mauna Kea, is also the tallest mountain in the world measured from its base!

The lava flows on Kona side would mostly go through sparsely populated areas. Kailua-Kona is safe because Hualalai is between it and Mauna Loa. Where Mauna Loa erupting could be really bad is if the northeast rift zone erupts. That would put Hilo in danger.

It's unlikely to the point of not being worth worrying about. While explosive eruptions in Hawaii are not unheard of, they tend to be mild and brief. The vast majority of the time Hawaii has effusive eruptions.

That's Kilauea, a different volcano southeast of Mauna Loa. Mauna Loa hasn't erupted since the 1984 eruption.