GeoGeoGeoGeo
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jed7mry wrote
Research Paper (open access): Early dispersal of domestic horses into the Great Plains and northern Rockies
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jdm0dou wrote
Reply to comment by bpeden99 in Convection in the mantle shapes the long-term structure of Earth’s magnetic field by imposing a pattern of cooling that controls the dynamics of fluid flow at the top of the outer core by GeoGeoGeoGeo
It will never violently flip, that's just not how reversals or excursions occur. Reversals typically take anywhere between 4 and 9 thousand years to flip with the latest reversal taking 22 thousand years to reverse: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.aaw4621
The magnetic pole wanders all the time. It's the intensity via gradual weakening that indicates an excursion or reversal.
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jdlyu56 wrote
Reply to comment by bpeden99 in Convection in the mantle shapes the long-term structure of Earth’s magnetic field by imposing a pattern of cooling that controls the dynamics of fluid flow at the top of the outer core by GeoGeoGeoGeo
???
Over what duration of time? It's currently reducing in strength which has been interpreted by some as to be a reduction in strength from an anomalous high back to a more typical strength. Meanwhile there have also been long intervals of time with no reversals. These are known as superchrons, such as the cretaceous normal superchron which was an episode of stable polarity with little or no reversals lasting upwards of 37 million years. So long as the mantle and outter core keep thermally / chemicaly convecting we should expect the Earth's geodynamo to operate. This includes the possibility of excursions and reversals.
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jdlh3d9 wrote
Reply to Convection in the mantle shapes the long-term structure of Earth’s magnetic field by imposing a pattern of cooling that controls the dynamics of fluid flow at the top of the outer core by GeoGeoGeoGeo
Research Paper (shared access): Longitudinal structure of Earth’s magnetic field controlled by lower mantle heat flow
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jdkucq3 wrote
Reply to comment by theaveragebearstake in The largest recorded earthquake in Alberta's history was not a natural event, but most likely caused by disposal of oilsands wastewater, new research has concluded. by GeoGeoGeoGeo
That's literally a logical fallacy. You're supposed to critique the argument not the source of the argument because no matter the source the argument could be sound.
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jdk3edx wrote
Reply to comment by theaveragebearstake in The largest recorded earthquake in Alberta's history was not a natural event, but most likely caused by disposal of oilsands wastewater, new research has concluded. by GeoGeoGeoGeo
He's not. He was a teaching assistant during his time at university and is currently with the Swiss Seismological Service (SED) at ETH Zurich (a federal agency).
Your questions seem quite out of place here and with little to no bearing with regard to the information presented within the article.
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jdk0cvo wrote
Reply to comment by theaveragebearstake in The largest recorded earthquake in Alberta's history was not a natural event, but most likely caused by disposal of oilsands wastewater, new research has concluded. by GeoGeoGeoGeo
Ryan Schultz is an academic researcher, it's not uncommon for those dedicated to academia to forgo professional accreditation with their respective province
Education
2019-2022 Ph.D. in Seismology, Stanford University, USA
2010-2012 M.Sc. in Geophysics, University of Alberta, Canada
2007-2009 B.Sc. in Physics with honours, University of Alberta, Canada
2003-2007 B.Sc. in Chemistry with specialization, University of Alberta, Canada
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jdjo99j wrote
Reply to comment by xtrsports in The largest recorded earthquake in Alberta's history was not a natural event, but most likely caused by disposal of oilsands wastewater, new research has concluded. by GeoGeoGeoGeo
To be fair, Canada probably has one of, if not thee worlds most stringent set environmental laws and regulations. Of course this doesn't mean they can't be improved on but it certainly puts the rest of the world into perspective if you think Canada is lacking in that department.
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jdjgup0 wrote
Reply to comment by open_door_policy in The largest recorded earthquake in Alberta's history was not a natural event, but most likely caused by disposal of oilsands wastewater, new research has concluded. by GeoGeoGeoGeo
The following is provided from the USGS:
>FICTION: You can prevent large earthquakes by making lots of small ones, or by “lubricating” the fault with water.
>Seismologists have observed that for every magnitude 6 earthquake there are about 10 of magnitude 5, 100 of magnitude 4, 1,000 of magnitude 3, and so forth as the events get smaller and smaller. This sounds like a lot of small earthquakes, but there are never enough small ones to eliminate the occasional large event. It would take 32 magnitude 5's, 1000 magnitude 4's, OR 32,000 magnitude 3's to equal the energy of one magnitude 6 event. So, even though we always record many more small events than large ones, there are far too few to eliminate the need for the occasional large earthquake.
>As for “lubricating” faults with water or some other substance, if anything, this would have the opposite effect. Injecting high-pressure fluids deep into the ground is known to be able to trigger earthquakes—to cause them to occur sooner than would have been the case without the injection. This would be a dangerous pursuit in any populated area, as one might trigger a damaging earthquake.
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jdi54n4 wrote
Reply to The largest recorded earthquake in Alberta's history was not a natural event, but most likely caused by disposal of oilsands wastewater, new research has concluded. by GeoGeoGeoGeo
Research Paper (open access): Disposal From In Situ Bitumen Recovery Induced the ML 5.6 Peace River Earthquake
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jdbv2df wrote
Reply to comment by Jeffersness in Findings show substantial amounts of H₂O could only have been delivered to Earth by means of unmelted material, such as chondrites, and not melted material such as achondrites. The results could have important implications for the search for water—and life—on other planets by GeoGeoGeoGeo
Deuterium to hydrogen ratios relative to Earth's Standard Mean Ocean Water (SMOW) values for Ring B, and Titan are relatively close though Enceladus and Phoebe greatly differ. Still, CI chondrite D/H ratios are closer to Earth's than any of Saturn's rings or moons.
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jdbufn3 wrote
Reply to comment by jmysl in Findings show substantial amounts of H₂O could only have been delivered to Earth by means of unmelted material, such as chondrites, and not melted material such as achondrites. The results could have important implications for the search for water—and life—on other planets by GeoGeoGeoGeo
Essentially achondrites are melted materials, all produced by melting of their parent bodies such as differentiated planetesimals and differentiated planetary bodies, like the Moon or Mars. Chondrites, on the other hand, have experienced no significant melting as they are pre-planetary rocks, or the building blocks of planets. The implication of this paper then is that Theia (the giant impactor hypothesis that leads to the formation of the moon) could not have delivered water to the early Earth.
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jdbl2lu wrote
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jbim9u4 wrote
Reply to Searching for evidence of life on Mars is a major impetus for exploration, however, current Mars mission instruments lack the essential sensitivity to identify life traces in Chilean desert samples that strongly resemble the martian area currently under study by NASA’s Perseverance rover. by GeoGeoGeoGeo
Research Paper (open access): Dark microbiome and extremely low organics in Atacama fossil delta unveil Mars life detection limits
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_j9e0jm9 wrote
Reply to An international team of researchers has published a study showing that the destruction of key hydrothermal vents by deep-sea mining could have knock-on impacts on vent fields hundreds of kilometers away. by GeoGeoGeoGeo
Research Paper (open access): Species assemblage networks identify regional connectivity pathways among hydrothermal vents in the Northwest Pacific
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_j8ys1e0 wrote
Reply to comment by Maf1c in NEW JWST DEEP FIELD - Pandora's Cluster by GeoGeoGeoGeo
Along the lower left hand side of the article it presents a number of download options:
GeoGeoGeoGeo t1_j5suvl3 wrote
Reply to comment by thulesgold in Earth's inner core seems to be slowing its spin according to new research published in Nature Geoscience. The study authors suggest this might be part of an approximately 70-year cycle where the core speeds up and slows down relative to the rest of the planet. by shiruken
There is a suggested different spin rate between the inner solid core and liquid outer core. The difference, however, is exceptionally small, and they both rotate at the same speed to within 0.001%.
The difference in speed is believed to be a result of two competing forces: The gravitational tug of the surrounding mantle, and the torque induced by the electromagnetic field from the outer core.
So when they report that its stopped spinning they mean relative to the mantle, same as when they say its reversed, and sped up.
GeoGeoGeoGeo t1_j5somzg wrote
Reply to comment by seamus1982 in Earth's inner core seems to be slowing its spin according to new research published in Nature Geoscience. The study authors suggest this might be part of an approximately 70-year cycle where the core speeds up and slows down relative to the rest of the planet. by shiruken
None, and these findings are quite speculative. The following article discusses why: https://news.yahoo.com/earths-inner-core-may-started-161117849.html?soc_src=social-sh&soc_trk=tw&tsrc=twtr
GeoGeoGeoGeo t1_j5sojkg wrote
Reply to comment by thebiologyguy84 in Earth's inner core seems to be slowing its spin according to new research published in Nature Geoscience. The study authors suggest this might be part of an approximately 70-year cycle where the core speeds up and slows down relative to the rest of the planet. by shiruken
It's linked to rotational currents in the liquid outer core, not the solid inner core.
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_j2twr06 wrote
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_j2tjpsh wrote
Reply to comment by rydan in 450 - 440 million years ago a ~50˚ True Polar Wander event swept Gondwana across the South Pole, triggering glaciation and the second most lethal of the “Big Five” mass extinctions, the end-Ordovician mass extinction by GeoGeoGeoGeo
That was actually my comment above explaining the differences between ATP and TPW and the theoretical speed limits to TPW (not that actual reported rate in the study, which was 40–50° over 10 million years or upwards of 55.5 cm/yr).
Interesting. As is the case with most conspiracy theories perhaps one or more of the individual components are correct on their own, but the details, mechanisms, and relationships between their interactions are woefully lacking in understanding.
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_j2szzlb wrote
Reply to comment by EdBegleyJuniorJunior in Researchers discover a network of fractures in Gale Crater filled with Opal, a water-rich mineraloid. This water-rich subsurface network would have been shielded from modern harsh surface conditions, allowing for a potentially habitable environment on Mars in a more recent era. by GeoGeoGeoGeo
In fact it might just be, but not for your rock collection... for water.
>"The significance of finding opal on Mars will have advantages for future astronauts, and exploration efforts could take advantage of these widespread water resources. Opal itself is made up of predominantly two components: silica and water, with minor amounts of impurities such as iron. Since opal is not a mineral, the water is not bound as tightly within a crystal structure. This means that if you grind it down and apply heat, the opal releases its water. In a previous study, Gabriel and other Curiosity rover scientists demonstrated this exact process... a single-meter halo could house roughly one to 1.5 gallons of water in the top foot of the surface. Combined with growing evidence from satellite data that shows the presence of opal elsewhere on Mars, these resilient materials may be a great resource for future exploration activities elsewhere on Mars — that is, if opal elsewhere on Mars also retains water to the same degree as the opal in Gale Crater."
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_j2stutj wrote
Reply to comment by rydan in 450 - 440 million years ago a ~50˚ True Polar Wander event swept Gondwana across the South Pole, triggering glaciation and the second most lethal of the “Big Five” mass extinctions, the end-Ordovician mass extinction by GeoGeoGeoGeo
I'm not sure what you're referencing, but the O-S TPW event spanned 10 million years, not hundreds of millions of years. See Fig. 3: Ordovician–Silurian apparent polar wander paths globally. (C)
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_j2qjl16 wrote
Reply to comment by very_humble in 450 - 440 million years ago a ~50˚ True Polar Wander event swept Gondwana across the South Pole, triggering glaciation and the second most lethal of the “Big Five” mass extinctions, the end-Ordovician mass extinction by GeoGeoGeoGeo
As to whether or not this would increase intraplate or marginal plate stress I really have no idea. If the plates don't move perfectly synchronously with one another there might be a bit of a jostling around per se. If there were, 677.1cm/yr (22 ft./yr) is potentially a lot of increased seismicity / strain within any infrastructure adjacent to or spanning major fault systems, along with subsequent increase in associated natural hazard risks. All that being said, TPW is effectively a decoupling of the fluid outer core to the silicate Earth (mantle and crust) so it really may be a bit of a stretch to think that there may be increased seismicity. Certainly interesting to ponder.
GeoGeoGeoGeo OP t1_jed896h wrote
Reply to comment by jjmc123a in Horses came to American West by early 1600s, study finds by GeoGeoGeoGeo
Horses are one of the multitude of North American megafauna that disappeared during the Pleistocene extinction event. There are no volcanic events that are believed to have directly caused the extinction of horses or other large mammals.