Smelly stinky repost, rewritten. Here's the 10k /r/space post nine days ago, with link to NASA instead of a failing blog platform: https://www.reddit.com/r/space/comments/zwulb4/nasa_and_spacex_to_study_possibilities_of/

Maybe YOU should consider solid-state SCR dimmers were in use since 1961: https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/lighting/the-solid-state-electronic-dimmer_o

edit: amazing how many button-pushers don't realize the the nonsense they are upvoting above. Dimming lighting with a variable resistor in a utility box would be a ridiculous hazard. At particular setting you can have made a voltage divider with as much power dissipation in the box as from the total of incandescent light fixtures.

No they aren't, not any that go in a normal outlet box. Older dimmers are also a SCR chopper, but they work on leading edge of the phase which doesn't work well with LED. They also may need more minimum current draw or lower impedance than an LED fixture takes in order to operate correctly. They latch "on" starting at a particular voltage to the end of phase zero crossing.

LED+ dimmers (aka HED technology, C-L technology) have more circuitry ensuring that even slight loads will still get proper regulation. They can be reverse phase, that starts "on" and turn off at the correct duty cycle point.

Early rotary rheostats or variacs capable of controlling lighting were huge.

Where are they now? You can just screw off with the space com links.

Revised: Aug 19, 2022 Voyager 1 Spacecraft (interplanetary) / (Sun) -31 http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/missions/voyager-1/

BACKGROUND See the web-page above for information on the Voyager Mission

TIMELINE 1977-Sep-06 Launch from Kennedy Space Center @ 12:56 UTC 1979-Mar-05 Jupiter closest-approach, Io imaging 1980-Nov-12 Saturn encounter, Titan 1990-Jan-01 Interstellar mission begins 1990-Feb-14 Final Voyager image return 1992-Apr-24 Final two-way tracking measurements 1998-Feb-17 Exceeds Pioneer 10 distance (most distant man-made object) 2004-Dec-15 Crosses solar system "bow shock" boundary 2012-Aug-25 Passes heliopause and termination shock boundary

SPACECRAFT TRAJECTORY: This trajectory is composed of two merged sections:

#1) 1977-Sep-5 to 1981-Jan-1:
      A patched conic mission-design type trajectory in which the conics 
      were constructed to approximately match specific events, such as
      satellite encounters, providing a rough accuracy. 

#2) 1981-Jan-1 to 2100-Jan-1 
      Refit of tracking data spanning 1981-1992 (end of two-way coherent 
      transponder data). Done in 2022 by R. Jacobson (former Voyager
      navigation) using DE440 to generate a new solution and prediction. 


The reconstruction done in 2022 estimated: - Epoch state vector - Constant and stochastic non-gravitational accelerations (to account for the activity of three-axis attitude control system) - Thermal radiation from RTG power sources - Mismodelling of solar pressure- 96 impulsive maneuvers through Feb 1992

Note there has been no new tracking data possible since 1992. This is a different issue from on-board telemetry, which continued beyond that date.

The 2022 update refit the existing old tracking data using modern approaches and standards to allow consistent extrapolation to 2100.

Formal predicted geocentric pointing uncertainty on 2030-Jan-1: RA +/- 1.701 arcseconds, DEC +/- 1.535 arcseconds

This uncertainty is consistent with the new solution's difference with the A54206 prediction made in 1990.

Tracking data used in 2022 solution: Points Type       First point            Last point       residual rms 2366   F2   01-JAN-1981 05:14:00  15-APR-1989 08:09:00  0.133 mm/s 2084   F3   07-JAN-1981 12:15:00  24-APR-1992 14:04:00  0.153 mm/s 5191  PRA   01-JAN-1981 03:52:18  20-JAN-1989 14:13:59  228 m 67  SRA   04-MAR-1989 10:58:56  13-OCT-1991 04:49:30  227 m

Ephemeris / WWW_USER Sat Dec 31 06:48:24 2022 Pasadena, USA / Horizons

Target body name: Voyager 1 (spacecraft) (-31) {source: Voyager_1_ST+refit2022_m} Center body name: Earth (399) {source: Voyager_1_ST+refit2022_m} Center-site name: GEOCENTRIC

Start time : A.D. 2022-Dec-31 00:00:00.0000 UTStop time : A.D. 2023-Jan-01 00:00:00.0000 UTStep-size : 1440 minutes

Target pole/equ : No model availableTarget radii : (unavailable)Center geodetic : 0.00000000,0.00000000,0.0000000 {E-lon(deg),Lat(deg),Alt(km)}Center cylindric: 0.00000000,0.00000000,0.0000000 {E-lon(deg),Dxy(km),Dz(km)}Center pole/equ : ITRF93 {East-longitude positive}Center radii : 6378.1 x 6378.1 x 6356.8 km {Equator, meridian, pole}Target primary : Earth (R_eq= 6378.137) kmVis. interferer : MOON (R_eq= 1737.400) km {source: Voyager_1_ST+refit20Rel. light bend : Sun {source: Voyager_1_ST+refit20Rel. lght bnd GM: 1.3271E+11 km^(3/s2)Atmos refraction: NO (AIRLESS)RA format : DEGTime format : CALEOP file : eop.221229.p230324EOP coverage : DATA-BASED 1962-JAN-20 TO 2022-DEC-29. PREDICTS-> 2023-MAR-23Units conversion: 1 au= 149597870.700 km, c= 299792.458 km/s, 1 day= 86400.0 s

Date\_\_(UT)**HR:MN     R.A.**\_(ICRF)\_\_\_DEC             delta      deldot

$$SOE 2022-Dec-31 00:00     258.76000  12.01263  159.294289399766   7.3891871 
2023-Jan-01 00:00     258.76627  12.01350  159.298442434604   6.9937694 $$EOE

Column meaning:

TIME

Times PRIOR to 1962 are UT1, a mean-solar time closely related to the prior but now-deprecated GMT. Times AFTER 1962 are in UTC, the current civil or "wall-clock" time-scale. UTC is kept within 0.9 seconds of UT1 using integer leap-seconds for 1972 and later years.

Conversion from the internal Barycentric Dynamical Time (TDB) of solar system dynamics to the non-uniform civil UT time-scale requested for output has not been determined for UTC times after the next July or January 1st. Therefore, the last known leap-second is used as a constant over future intervals.

Time tags refer to the UT time-scale conversion from TDB on Earth regardless of observer location within the solar system, although clock rates may differ due to the local gravity field and no analog to "UT" may be defined for that location.

Any 'b' symbol in the 1st-column denotes a B.C. date. First-column blank (" ") denotes an A.D. date. Calendar dates prior to 1582-Oct-15 are in the Julian calendar system. Later calendar dates are in the Gregorian system.

NOTE: "n.a." in output means quantity "not available" at the print-time.

'R.A.___(ICRF)___DEC' = Astrometric right ascension and declination of the target center with respect to the observing site (coordinate origin) in the reference frame of the planetary ephemeris (ICRF). Compensated for down-leg light-time delay aberration.

Units: RA in decimal degrees, ddd.fffff{ffff} DEC in decimal degrees, sdd.fffff{ffff}

'delta deldot' = Apparent range ("delta", light-time aberrated) and range-rate ("delta-dot") of the target center relative to the observer. A positive "deldot" means the target center is moving away from the observer, negative indicates movement toward the observer. Units: AU and KM/S

Computations by ...

Solar System Dynamics Group, Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System
4800 Oak Grove Drive, Jet Propulsion Laboratory
Pasadena, CA  91109   USA

General site: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/
Mailing list: https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/email_list.html
System news : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/news.html
User Guide  : https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/manual.html
Connect     : browser        https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons/app.html#/x
              API            https://ssd-api.jpl.nasa.gov/doc/horizons.html
              command-line   telnet ssd.jpl.nasa.gov 6775
              e-mail/batch   https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/hrzn_batch.txt
              scripts        https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/ftp/ssd/SCRIPTS
Author      : Jon.D.Giorgini@jpl.nasa.gov

Also, just see which way a deep space network dish is pointing when it is tracking VGR1 and receiving 160 bits per second.

When they can't reach it, they just make up a number. That's how their process naming has worked for a while.

The first refrigerators are only getting this in the door.

What typically degrades vacuum is outgassing. They've ground up some rocks (and claim that prior insulation is petroleum foam instead of fiberglass which is also environmental), but if not an engineered material, it may have volatiles that continue to be released.

Vacuum can be renewed, but pulling quality vacuum takes time (after a certain point, you are waiting for molecules to wander out of the vacuum port) and dewar-quality needs multi-stage pumping with consumables like pure oil and liquid nitrogen.

The rock/pumice, etc is likely a material to prevent the layers from collapsing onto themselves from pressure. However, that is also what is called a thermal short.

Because this is a non-event event. Venus will be setting right after sunset for the next month, while Mars rises, the events that frame the other planets in the sky - and needing you to go out at just the right time to see both (everything but Venus already being visible for the last half of this year).

Also, Uranus and Neptune are not "visible" to the naked eye, and Mercury is a challenge.

So: Venus in twilight if no trees are in the way. Opposite side of the sky, there's Mars. Between, Jupiter and Saturn.

The instrumentation/service module is the wide end part of a Soyuz that has propulsion, antennas, and solar panels. It also has radiators and coolers. One of the statements is that a radiator is what was punctured.

Here is a picture of the spacecraft, with the ISM on left and radiators mounted externally, along with the many hoses and cabling that are then covered with an external thermal blanket.

Who invented that LED? GE. It was visible, from your article "Within months of the invention, General Electric was selling Holonyak’s red LEDs"

And was there any connection?

"...points out that the television special, bankrolled by GE for its General Electric Fantasy Hour, took about 18 months to complete and cost more than $500,000 to produce, an amount that would exceed $4.5 million today."

Rudolph could have had one of RCA's green LEDs - 1958. And RCA had blue in 1972.

Rudolph figure had "lost" its nose when it came to Antiques Roadshow in 2006, or maybe just resold in 1965?: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0t0GaNTdZA8 - it then auctioned for $400000, (but that didn't keep some slimebag Christmas museum from keeping their $20000 gofundme donations to acquire it.)

The Soyuz MS-22 mission spacecraft is docked at the Russian segment of the International Space Station. It delivered three crew on September 21. It is also the same return vehicle (and emergency egress) for that personnel. It began unexpectedly leaking coolant into space December 15.

Coolant circulates through all three parts of the craft and external radiators to manage temperature of equipment and habitable space, as the "cold" vacuum of space alone doesn't cool the craft (that also is in unfiltered sunlight the majority of the orbit).

roscosmos.ru is unreachable, but here is a human translation of their update: https://twitter.com/katlinegrey/status/1604818480259366912 "Soyuz MS-23 can be prepared for flight by February"

Time for the ol' double-dip

Color balanced and backgrounded for you: https://i.imgur.com/FOThYSE.jpg

For devices with poor gamma or blacks: https://i.imgur.com/VL1rR8y.jpg

If you can't spot it in the picture, the sculpture is a little figure of person.

Conceived by astronaut David Scott. Approved for flight and placement by NASA, even in disallowing the figurine to be encased in flammable plastic.

Controversial, only because the guy that made it then tried to sell copies off the publicity. And yet he went ahead and sold them in 2019 anyway (at a now-broken gallery website that now lets you add 10000 to your cart for zero euros.)

And then signed up astronaut Al Worden to help shill them.

Pretty sure to find out what remains after subtracting zodiacal light, one has to fully characterize its appearance in the telescope...

"Hubble detects", and then a barrage of snarky comments. Jeez. Science, folks.

This is an effort to characterize the zodiacal light, the solar system's illuminated dust, along with the galactic background and any light in darkest areas, by a massive reprocessing of raw data from Hubble, which is just underway. Especially challenging because these observations are on different instruments, have different exposures, cosmic ray flux, electronic noise, and changing parameters. This might lead to a new backgrounding method for historic observations.

...which can be photographed from Earth and is not a shocking discovery:

https://www.reddit.com/r/space/comments/w6kfza/all_of_the_zodiacal_light_the_dust_of_our_solar/

"Biometrics are even less accurate than cops will tell a jury they are."

Resistance is futile.

Stock Aitken Waterman didn't really write songs (Rick Astley). They would just get a few hooks layered, record the vocals and chorus they jotted with a singer-of-the-week, and then hand it off to be pieced together in the mix into a semblance of a song. That's why Never Gonna has those weird breakdowns with the "never gonna never gonna", punching out the instruments and repeating the verse again, an intro that sounds like the chorus, no bridge, no solo, no key change, etc. Because there's not much there.

This is kind of a tall tale, It was bought by an art collector in the 1990s. It was sold to an antiques store in the 1990s. The painting, when not being used for money laundering or without publicity, was auctioned or sold at $40-$400-$500, even with proper attribution before.

It's more likely that the source is Billboard: https://www.billboard.com/music/chart-beat/taylor-swift-midnights-fourth-week-number-one-billboard-200-chart-1235176707/

BC846B,215, or if you want two per package, BC846BPDW1T1G

The 16v+ capacitor will be larger than a thru-hole transistor.

"Broad supply chain" aka container ship from China.

The estimate is classified.

Seriously dumb headline. 100% has been mapped. One has to just qualify that with "not mapped to five meter resolution" etc. It's like saying a city hasn't been mapped because they don't have the location of every tree.

I created a post to give you a behind the scenes look at what the uncalibrated and "raw" imagery can look like, and even that is processed to make it presentable on the screen.

The science instruments of the telescope, when they are used for imaging or otherwise, capture a very large dynamic range of light, from a single photon strike to the brightness of Jupiter, in a single wavelength passband at a time (aka black-and-white). Multiple data products can be contained in a FITS data file, sometimes hundreds of groups of integrations in some low levels of "raw". Some manual intervention is needed to at least set the brightness contour and background to highlight the observation target.

All public Western space telescope data is published on the STScI MAST portal (or the ESA equivalent), where one must make queries of the database, know what science program you are interested in, know the instruments and modes, data pipeline products, etc. A random hot-off-the-presses image might leave you merely whelmed, if you don't know the science behind it.