Useful addition but not a rule or answer to the actual question. It's basically a systematic reiteration of the question. The rules that produce this pattern are AFAIK still to a large extend unknown.

Except for the latter two, that is: "Material" and "Purpose". These are actually quite easy to explain. What is called "purpose" here refers to simply compound heads that would form 1 word in other Germanic languages spelling, so obviously it comes closest to the noun. And "material" is a genitive that doesn't tolerate adjectives between it and its noun. "The wooden big table" is ungrammatical in a way pretty similar to "The table I saw of wood" is.

>This isn’t merely semantically incorrect because it suggests the use of time travel, it’s grammatically incorrect because the verb is just conjugated incorrectly for the tense of the sentence.

No, it's not. The point in "will run yesterday" and "sleep furiously" is actually exactly the same: Grammatically correct, semantically nonsensical. The effect of "yesterday" really isn't any different from "furiously" here, as it does not influence the grammatical tense. They are just adverbs that add meaning that is nonsensical. They're just sitting there in their correct grammatical positions. There really is nothing wrong with the conjugation of the verbs - It would be wrong it if it was "will ran", for example.

This is different from grammar rules. Because this is not a grammar rule - at least, not one that we discovered yet. We just don't know why they have to be in this order.

And in fact, as for breaking rules: It's the other way around. Grammar rules can't be broken or they'd produce ungrammatical gibberish. But this adjective pattern is kind of a soft, fuzzy "rule" that does have a bit of flexibility some of the time.

The TLDR of that link: We don't know