Notes are the way. Write a chapter summary after each chapter in your own words and a book summary at the end. You'll find you remember the parts you note down much better.

You can set up time limits on apps. Say 15 min, then you won't get stuck in the infinity pool. Apps are designed to keep you engaged so it's not necessarily your fault. Googles digital wellbeing is how you can do it on Android, I don't know Ios

Take notes. After every chapter write a little summary, like 1-2 sentences (longer if chapters are large). The process will force you to do some recall which seems to make things sick in memory better

If it's climate and moisture controlled the bag is defeating the purpose. The bag will seal in moisture and then defeat the controlled env. In addition most books will release some chemicals over time due to ink, paper, color, etc. If you seal that all in the bag it can damage the book instead of just floating away. If it's out of the sun just get a bookcase with a glass door so you don't have to dust and keep them good.

https://www.lcgsco.org/dont-store-books-or-documents-in-sealed-plastic/

Some study's have started using a 7 scale and I really like that. You have a definite median score of 4. Then 3 levels of positive or negative adjustments.

To answer why 5 and not 10, personally I think it's for similar reasons. You get a definite median in 3 with an equal number of options either way. Whereas with 10 you get a median of 5 with 5 numbers up and only 4 down (not counting 0 as an option).

Personally I like 7 but since that's not an option most places I settle for 5 with decimals i.e. 3.5, 4.5, etc.

This sounds like something reddit isn't going to be able to help you with. Sounds like ADHD or Anxiety. Try talking to a medical professional if possible.

If you're reading physical books you can use your bookmark too. That's what I do if I start to jump sentences.

Use a page marker, I use my bookmark at times where I'm struggling to focus.

Set the bookmark sideways to show only the first line and move it down 1 line after you finish it. Rinse and repeat. This way you can't jump to the end.

Not just language, even in fantasy you can experience someone else's life. There was a study recently that reader's have higher rates of empathy. You get to practice understanding other people through reading.

There's no problem with abandoning books imo but I don't think you can say you "read" it without finishing it. Like you can say "I tried it but not for me" or "I got most of the way through before dnfing it" but I don't think you should say "I read x" if you haven't finished it.

My personal notes are in obsidian.md and I basically go chapter by chapter. Bullet pointing things that stand out, then I write a recap of each chapter.

So it'll be

Chapter 1 -note -note -note

Summary

In this chapter we covered x and x is a word of contrasts.

I also make separate large pages for any topics that get expanded upon and link to those, like if it's a historic figure like Napoleon that will show up on another book I'm going to read.