Well yes, it is quite clear you aren't in it for financial optimization so I have no doubt that not doing so doesn't bother you.

Though why that lack of interest in financial optimization on your own end would drive you to suggest others actively avoid doing so is beyond me.

But I presume you are keeping them invested in investments you expect to provide gains going forward - so not realizing the losses and carrying them over would also make you unable to offset ordinary income next year...

Unless you graduated before May (like in a January term or something) then you are almost certainly their dependent for this year - you were a student for at least 5 months, lived in their house for more than 6 months, are under 24, and they provided more than half of your living costs.

Next year you will no longer be a dependent as you will be over 19 and no longer a full time student.

If they are a fulltime student (and under 24) they are still a dependent.

That would be part of the test for a qualifying relative, not a qualifying child.

Are you contributing anything towards housing costs? Who pays for most of your food, clothing, healthcare costs including insurance, etc.?

There is no income cut-off in determining if you are a dependent or not.

Sure, if you are consistently going between high and low tax rate years you might want to avoid carryovers - that isn't typical though.

As for 'choosing exactly when to do it' - you don't get to choose when you actually have losses. For most people, taking advantage of those moments to transfer capital losses from offsetting lower-taxed gains (or becoming gains themselves) to higher-taxed ordinary income offers very real value that you definitely shouldn't actively avoid.

It's pretty silly to not take full advantage of the tax savings for something that your tax software will track for you even if you are too lazy to look at last year's tax return yourself.

Why would you want to avoid carryovers? They can be used in future years either to offset higher-taxed ordinary income or future capital gains.

Accumulating stashes of capital loss carryovers is a valuable part of a comprehensive tax-management strategy.

The only potential downside is if you are offsetting gains that would fall in the 0% bracket.

If A&B agrees, the $5k should be paid by the enterprise before splitting the remaining profit (just as they would for paying any other service provider).

It would still come down to the nature of the arrangement between A and B - is the $20k a straight contribution of capital to the enterprise that is expected to be repaid, is it a form of purchasing their 50% share in the profits (with B doing so through other means), etc.

The real answer is it depends on the nature of the arrangement between A and B - was A covering prepaid expenses in lieu of B covering labor (for example),there are an infinite number of possibilities here, hopefully they have there shared understanding down in writing.

It's not about the policy - it's about the risk you get hit by a bus on your way home from being fired... Or the any number of other circumstances where you die while no longer employed (which is not always a timeline you control).

It's one of those situations where even if the risk is low, the impact if it happens can be so significant that paying to insure it is just prudent.

Group plans are also different from individual plans - when you need life insurance (because you have dependents relying on your income) it is prudent to have a policy independent from your employment.

That said, it is still possible to be insured as a pilot.

Too late for that - they'd have to give up flying for at least a year before and after applying and probably take an aviation exclusion for it not to be considered in underwriting.

But there are still good priced policies out there, you just need to work with an agent familiar with which ones to apply to and which ones not to.