I remember capping my gold on the first Dragon Warrior game at 65535 because it used an unsigned 16-bit integer. I was amazed that it didn't generate an overflow error.

Because the laws in the US were written to (1) allow them to do that, and (2) require for-profit companies to put shareholder gains above everything else.

Two flights of 10 steps are not significantly more expensive than one flight of 20 - all you're adding is the landing. Two escalators means twice the mechanical equipment.

Assume that a country that has had jury trials for centuries has gotten pretty good at dealing with people who try to get out of jury duty and have the ability to fine and/or imprison you and act accordingly.

0.838 is the probability of having at least one 6 among your ten rolls. You need to get into binomial distributions for the probability of a specific number of events. Exactly one six somewhere in the sequence is probability 0.323.

You can get them here.

Theoretically, you can make a die with any even number of sides by sticking two pyramids with an x/2 sided base together, though they definitely get harder to roll as x increases.

Like any sport with judges, it will always be somewhat subjective. Of course, there are guidelines, which the comment above goers over quite nicely.

In boxing, each round is scored by three judges. They can give up to 10 points to each boxer, but the overwhelming majority of the time, the score is either 10-9 or 10-8.

At the end of the match, each judge totals up their scores to decide who they think the winner is, and whoever is declared winner by at least two of the judges wins the match.

Partially it's that society has decided that we want law enforcement to be protected, so a crime against them is considered worse.

Partially that cops and prosecutors (the people who decide who gets charged and with what crime) are on the same side.