This article intentionally leaves out transfer payments. It is actually correct that the wealthy pay almost all of the taxes, even when you factor in payroll tax and sales tax which are regressive, when you also factor in transfer and in-kind payments (services provided for free are no different than a negative tax).

Medicaid would cover this. Very poor people get good healthcare in the US despite what you read on Reddit. People fall out of coverage when they start making money, but don’t opt in to paid healthcare.