Dash-cams are cheap these days. I'm giving OP the benefit of doubt here, but it's plausible.

I think the most interesting thing about circuit boards is that they're "printed" circuit boards. The pattern that will eventually be etched into the copper foil is created using a light-sensitive film. This video shows it step-by-step

Complex electronics have many layers. They print and etch a layer, glue on another layer of fiberglass, copper, and photoresist, and print the next trace layer. The final layers of solder-mask and symbols or letters are silk-screen printed - almost exactly like t-shirts.

Nearly all clouds are made of either fog or ice-dust. Fog is tiny, tiny bits of liquid water. Ice dust particles also start tiny but they can grow into snowflakes if water-vapor is added to the cloud.

Rarely, clouds can contain other things like dust from a sandy desert or ash and acid from a volcanic eruption.

Fog is possible at temperatures below freezing. It's not completely stable - it wants to freeze - but it doesn't freeze immediately. Things like the age of a cloud, its temperature, and the amount and kind of dust in the air predict whether freezing starts.

Below freezing temperatures, ice dust is more stable. So once a cloud starts to freeze, the growing ice crystals "steal" the water from water droplets, even if they never touch.

Cirrus clouds and contrails are made of ice dust. They form at very high altitudes and cold temperatures.

If you see snow, you can be sure that it came from an icy cloud. Rain usually comes from wet clouds, but icy clouds can make rain if there is enough warm air below them, so this depends on the season.

Thunderstorms seem to always have ice at the top, and they usually have wet bases.

Modern radar systems can see a difference between wet fog and ice dust and especially snow. This is mostly useful for research, but it's also interesting for aviation. Freezing wet fog will stick to solid objects and form ice - this is especially dangerous for small aircraft. Ice dust and snow don't do that.

The Amtrak passenger trains seem to have a higher speed limit than freight trains do. I've noticed that difference at the Brighton Ave crossing near Punky's. It seems likely they'd have about the same speed since those crossings aren't that far from each other and have similar curves nearby. Maybe 20-25 MPH vs 10-15.

Downeaster service isn't that new, but if someone has a lifetime habit of cutting in front of freight trains they'll be in real trouble trying to beat the passenger ones.

It can be both. In my experience, people with MI are more gentle than average even if they have a hard time connecting with others. But there are some bad apples too and that's what I'd focus on here.

Like, she's choosing to say violent and hurtful things. It doesn't help that delusions make it easier for her to believe she's right, but they're certainly don't help.

Extractive industries are one of the big things that poor countries poor.

70 years ago, Japan and West Germany were desperately poor, now they have surpassed us in quality of life. The key is that their economies needed lots of skilled labor and they had the political wisdom to realize skilled labor comes from investing in people: good schools, good health care, government that has to serve the community not just manage it.

70 years ago Russia was in good shape relative to the rest of the. Europe and Japan were reset, China and India still developing, Africa colonized, only the Americas remained as an economic rival.

But so much of Russia was turned into mines and fossil fuels to feed the industrial core of the Soviet Union - such as the area that's now the (pre-war) Russia-Ukraine border. Now, well, Russia has some moderately wealthy places in the west, but a ton of corruption and underdevelopment, especially in places whose economy has been dominated by extraction. And they're literally in a middle of a war trying to conquer the old industrial region, largely motivated by nostalgia for the Soviet days.

Shelling factories is a stupid way to add industrial capacity. Not only because they'll need to be rebuilt, but because the skilled labor to rebuild and staff them is forced to run away and the only way to replace them is to have a functioning society of your own. It's worse than pointless to conquer manufacturing areas.

Conquering natural resources, though, that makes sense.

So, anyway, yes we should mine rather than importing. But we need to enforce a fair deal for the public. And use tariffs to punish multinationals that abuse poor countries.

> They wait until the storm is over

They didn't climb poles in the wind because their lives are valuable. So, that probably did delay restoration in many cases. A company that doesn't do that shouldn't be allowed to operate.

You might think this is an argument for underground services, and it sort of is. But when underground splices need to be made, it's important to control humidity and water so that the splice won't immediately explode again. Hard to do that work quickly in flood conditions.

Comparisons are good (particularly if they're backed up by data) but if it's just "I want my convenience faster, regardless of what the weather does" that's not how reality works.

At some point oceanfront property values will fall, flood insurance will be declared a "government teat for the lazy masses" or whatever.

Naturally that will happen after they run out of landlords and resort owners to bail out. So it'll be people who stick with their actual primary residence or who were pushed to the coast by poverty and falling property values.

The longer we delay means testing for the National Flood Insurance Program, the more of the wet bag will be passed to people who can't cope with it.

The opportunity is real but so is the engineering challenge. Unfortunately those engineering challenges are hard to explain in a test works as a sound bite.

This means that smart people who legitimately want to help will sound like sticks in the mud compared to "well, why don't they just..."

Imagine you're running a phone company, and there's a new fad. Every time it's sunny, your customers start calling random businesses halfway across the state to say "hey, it's sunny, isn't that cool?"

You would need to install more long distance lines, of course. But you'd also need to install more local switching equipment to handle that surge in demand.

But on cloudy days you don't need that equipment. Fewer calls you can bill, more equipment needed, rates have to go up.

The problems for an electric utility are similar. Grid-tied solar, if it becomes too popular, forces them to install more capacity in substations, more lines between them, and then to deal with the unpredictable effect it has on the supply-demand balance.

So, complaints about upgrading are not "oh no we need to buy the latest model of switches." It's an upgrade as in "we need to build a highway with exits and traffic control in order to make that possible."

It might be worth doing. (Burning fossils sucks.) But it really is expensive, and it's not laziness when utilities say that they can't do net metering for everyone. They literally can't.

If those guys have a solution it probably smells like cancer and tastes like bubblegum. You don't want to know what's in it.

I say we should have an armed stop sign in every classroom.

As someone who sometimes walks in parking lots, my mind boggles to wonder why anyone would be moving fast enough to get rolled.

I don't care how good that traffic sign is at hiding amid the visual clutter, if you hit anything in a parking lot that fast you're doing it wrong.

Technically we still do, it's that funny dimple in the star field.