the latest data suggest that e cigs are just as toxic and life taking as reg. cigs. I knew a narciss. PD who smoked an e cig. I asked him for the scientific stats which showed e-cigs were safer than reg. cigs. He got angry, as predicted.

It's fun to tweek the NPD around here. It's predictable as night following day. and they are oblivious to it.

HOW do we treat guesses and speculations rationally?

And even if he weren't, Paddie would be soon!

EtOH drinks have been around since beer and barley bread were used to build the pyramids. 4500 yrs. ago, at least. EtOH is addictive. End of story.

This is not what we know is the case. Here, the saloons in the 19th C. Were largely owned by the Irish. So I find the assertion here not only historically dubious, but not supportive of what we call Irish Whiskey, either. The Irish have so many slang words for Hooch, is yet another reason not to believe such above stories about some of my ancestors.

And sure, laddie, we have NO pubs in All of Ireland to this day!! Not in Dooblin, sure. (hic!)

Human beings drink. The Irish are humans, ergo.....

The original boofers. It's a fast way to get drugs into the system and we sometimes use it in medicine when IV/PO meds can't be used. Or as we used to say, is it friend, or Enema?

It's very, very dangerous, tho, as the EtOH is absorbed very rapidly and can cause terminal events. 8 oz. of steel beer by mouth is safe. But from the other end can cause real troubles.

The higher the EtOH blood levels the more liver damage, too.

There is NO empirical evidence existing or real that Ganymede has liquid water. Prove that it does, which cannot at this time. Empiricists consider the facts, and learn more. But we know suppositions compared to empirically tested and confirmed truths. Anything else is hardly en pointe to understanding events.

Not really. You fail to see the bigger picture, Most All our knowledge is highly incomplete. We are not limited by too tight definitions and beliefs, either. Empirical, logical, practical, testing, checking always learning, growing, developing. That's what we do.

Sol being our star has planets and those have moons. That's basic astronomy, which clearly most round here don't ken. By choice.

Three if we count the vast and deep oceans. And then our thick atmosphere, where birds live, esp. Swallows, and many birds while migrating, too. 4 major layers is very complex system. Just right for life.

Neutron stars are tho. And cooling White dwarf stars as well.

Exactly! H, He, Li, most abundant. O is way down the line.

Too damn cold for any but water ice. Liquid water unless proven to exist is not there.

Surface temp 90 to 160 K. 294 K is 70 Deg. F. So far below frozen water it's not even realistic to be liquid.

Not so. Other stars can have their own solar systems. & the phrase can be more widely used than you imagine.

Luna more originally. Moon is English and was not here until very recently, Selene is the Greek name for the earth's sole moon, Luna is Latin, thus Lundi (Monday), Marti, Mercredi, Jeudi, Vendredi, Samedi, Dimanche.

Engish uses the Deutsch gods for days of week. Francais and Espagnol day names are very similar.

People need to get outside of their personal cultural mindsets now and then. The whole world and much larger Universe is NOT English. & surely not Americain,

Mercury is soid rock. the gases beingt blow away by strong solar wind and radiations.

If we get rid of the gases on ganymede, like a large furry dog which got it's hair clipped not much would be left.

Merc is rocky, Ganymede is gassy. There is no empirical, rational comparison. Mercury is WAY denser than Ganymede. Besides 'gany fooled around with Jove.

It showed the semi-circular canals a number of times over in fact.

Other than the fact in binomial nomenclature that the species name is always in low case.

Hmm. We learned that in 6th grade. The rest is likely questionable, too.

But we will tend our gardens, and let the sillies have their play.

Exactly!! A point anyone who has basic geologies in mind, also knows.

Brilliant!! There is no such thing as absolute sea level. The sea levels in ports in Europe cannot be mostly all brought by 50% within 50 cm. to each other. And the Andes Mts. are still abuilding, too.

The key is saying something which cannot be possibly tested, geologically.

Also, plate tectonics is complex systems of all those plates interacting . That's not possible to understand very well.

So writin such is like sayin today an asteroid in 25K yrs. will crash on the earth in a precise place and time of day. As Wittgenstein 100 years ago would say, "meaningless."

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig_Wittgenstein

And most anatomists ignore that the semi-circ. canals in the inner ear are organized in 3-D just like the 3D dimensions, X, Y, Zee are in our universe.

Here's 3D images of the SC canals as evidence.

https://www.shutterstock.com/search/semicircular-canals

He was wise in the ways of events in existence worked and knew this.

https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/162120.Extraordinary_Popular_Delusions_and_the_Madness_of_Crowds

The powers of clinical, empirical sciences. Not much nonsense gets past that useful sieve.