My viola. I’ve had it for 27 years. It’s been repaired a few times but still makes a lovely sound.

These aren’t plaques in the figure, it’s an experiment to show autophagy induction. The structure in panel G’’ in the figure that also appears as a red dot in the colour images, is associated with autophagy, a process of removing and recycling cell waste. The red shows where one of the autophagy proteins is. Here, an Endophilin A1 mutant is used that doesn’t need a calcium signal to turn it on. So they’ve shown that this ‘on’ state makes autophagic structures form.

Later in the paper they show that a different mutation of Endophilin A1 associated with Parkinson’s is an ‘off’ state mutation, and inhibits autophagy. So you’d see fewer of those autophagic structures, and since autophagy helps clear the stuff that causes plaques, this PD associated mutant could lead to plaque formation.

You’re welcome! And looking into this, some of the cheaper manual coffee grinders like Timemore or 1zpresso Q2 would probably make excellent pepper grinders. Their grind adjustment is much more robust and precise, they’re probably a lot more BIFL than most pepper grinders, and have come down in price so they’re starting to overlap some of the Peugeot ones.

I’ve given my 15 year old Peugeot grinder a clean since it seemed a bit gummed up, and I learned a few things that I thought I’d share, since these have been recommended a few times in this sub.

First, Grindz pellets seemed to work well to free up the mechanism. I use these on my Kinu manual coffee grinder and asked Urnex if Grindz work for pepper grinders as well. They said it’s not formulated for that and they hadn’t tested it, but shouldn’t do any harm. I ground about 20 g of Grindz and then a bunch of pepper through it and discarded all that. You have to chop the Grindz in half since the clearance is less than a coffee grinder (also means large peppercorns don’t work, which I didn’t realise!).

Second, this is an earlier Peugeot model with a gravity-driven burr adjustment (the adjuster on the top just allows the burr to fall). So the mechanism needs to be free enough to allow the burr to drop (and even then you might need to knock it to get it to move). Also, if you adjust it to grind finer, you might need to first grind a bit to allow the burr to move into the higher position.

Thanks, and I bet it’s a rabbit hole! I saw honing mentioned in a review for the Victorinox (which I’ve had for 20 years but never even sharpened!) and the Wikipedia page on that was confusing enough … 😆

Can you recommend a good sharpener?

Oral B lasts a long time. Just be sure to get the models with the round heads, those are the ones my dentist specifically recommended, and said anything else should be avoided.