I thought about it again, and another candidate is all LLM capabilities: if you prompt it for "a screenshot of a python method that does xyz" the best solution would be an image that contains working code.

Parti (https://parti.research.google/) showed that being able to spell is an emergent ability. That is the only one I know of, but others that I could imagine are learning compositionally (a blue box between a yellow sphere and a green box), but it's more likely that this is a data issue. Also working out of distribution (a green dog) is a potential candidate. Interesting question

Inference time is an issue for me at the moment. I tried openai whisper on replicate and hosted it on banana.dev but both take too long. I would like to use it for a conversational bot, so 50s is too long to transcribe 7s of audio, but this is what I got so far.