My first training ground for financial journalism started with my grandmother Big Mama. She rescued me and my four siblings from having to be put in foster care. She was a masterful manager of her money and she never made more than $13,000 a year. I watch her care for, feed, clothe 5 grandchildren, with an alcoholic husband (sweet man) who often drank away his payment. She trained me to be a saver and hater of debt. Then I went to grad school for business, and honed my personal finance skills and knowledge writing the Post Color of Money column for 25 years. Additionally, I run a financial ministry at my church, which for decades has helped people get rid of millions of dollars in debt. I also volunteer in Maryland prisons in a reentry program. So I have lots of experience on the ground, looking at people’s real budgets.

Lol! I wish I could write so well, Found a great font on Word. If I had to handwrite that note, you might have thought the AMA was months away. I have horrible, horrible handwriting.

First, don’t beat yourself up if you don’t have that $1 million all those articles and experts say you should have. Most folks don’t have anywhere near that much. More like a few hundred thousand. If you find yourself behind, focus on cutting expenses so that you can free up money to invest. I mean really cut to the bone. If you can start contributing the max you can in a retirement account, either workplace or traditional IRA. Then think about what you can change about the ideal retirement you envision. You may not be able to retire at 65 and travel the world. You may need to consider a shared housing situation to cut down on the biggest expense in your budget. Manage our expectations for retirement.

We have become a society that loves plastic. Cash is frowned upon, and the merchants and credit providers know that because that’s what they’ve been pushing for decades. So, they can charge high interchange fees because folks want the ease of swiping for what they want. The disadvantage is the cost of goods is higher because you better believe they pass along those fees to consumers. The advantage is we do get some pretty good consumer protections when goods and services aren’t delivered. Credit card companies go to bat for you because they don’t want a lot of chargebacks.

I love working with some of the most talented writers, editors, copy editors, SEO folks, designers, etc. It’s like a room full of the smartest kids in your class. They inspire me to bring my “A” game. It can be stressful, but I like be pushed to be a better columnist, writer, reporter. And, not hype, but we want to serve readers. The conversations aren’t what journalism prize can we win, but how better can we inform regular folks to improve their lives. I truly mean that. There is so much misinformation out there, and we want to be a trusted source. Do we get stuff wrong? Sure we do, but we try to deliver the best journalism that we can.

Great question. I do.

1. Build a healthy emergency fund. Aim for at least 1 month if funds are tight, 3 to 6 months if you’ve got some cushion in your budget. If you are a highly compensated employee/self-employed person try for 12 months to 18 months. And I know that’s a lot of dough, but higher earners when they lose their job or income spend that much time get back to that same earnings level
2. Life happens fund. Different from emergency fund, which I call, “I lost my job” fund. This is the pot you tap when your car breaks down, etc. This way you can leave the emergency fund for something dire
3. Retirement account. Save as much as you can, as soon as you can.
4. College fund if you got kids. My husband and I did this starting when our kids were wee little ones. Saved for 20 years mostly in 529 plan. Had enough to send all 3 to college with no debt, plus one to graduate school. Savings and scholarships did the job.
5. Non-retirement investment account. Pay for our cars with cash/earnings built up by investing over the years.
6. Fun money. So we can take vacations, etc. without building up debt

it's all good! just glad that this story could make your day a little better. this comment definitely made mine. - amy

thanks for reading! :) - amy

From reporter Tim Carman:

Brittany Spaddy has never seen “The American President,” the 1995 rom-com written by Aaron Sorkin, but she basically lived out one of the film’s most memorable scenes, the one in which a flower shop employee collapses when the president of the United States walks in and tries to order roses.

Spaddy was called into work at Ghostburger on Tuesday, her day off, ostensibly because a VIP was coming to the D.C. burger joint and the place would need extra employees to handle the crowd. But the real agenda, said Josh Phillips, co-founder of Ghostburger, was that the owners wanted Spaddy to be there when President Biden called to place an order. The White House had made the arrangements the day before with Phillips and his wife and co-founder, Kelly.

“She earned that call,” Phillips said about Spaddy, who handles practically everything in the front of the house at Ghostburger, one of the few feel-good stories of the pandemic.

Neither of Ghostburger’s owners told Spaddy who was calling. They just said an “important phone call was coming in today,” Spaddy said. She thought it might be D.C. Mayor Muriel E. Bowser or some pop-culture figure. She was not expecting the president.

“I got a little star-struck when I answered the phone, and I’m normally not like this,” she said. “Because I heard the voice, and I’m like, ‘No way! No way! No way!’”

Spaddy recognized the voice before the president could even identify himself. She took his order. Biden asked for a single Ghostburger with bacon, but no cheese and no “spooky sauce.” He ordered another single Ghostburger with cheese, but no sauce. Based on a photo posted to the president’s official Twitter account, Biden claimed the bacon burger. Vice President Harris noshed on the cheeseburger. They both ordered crinkle cut fries.

Read more here, and skip the paywall with email registration: https://www.washingtonpost.com/food/2023/01/18/biden-ghostburger-order/?utm_campaign=wp_main&utm_medium=social&utm_source=reddit.com

From Garrett Reisman:

I think that Chris did a great job outlining the exciting things coming next in human spaceflight and I agree with him that the first orbital flight of Starship will be a huge milestone and a real game changer - if it works!

As far as space tourism goes - it's definitely here and here to stay. I know it can be frustrating for space fans out there in that the price is still so very high and unfortunately space tourists will continue to be billionaires or representatives of nations (or contest winners) for the near future. But remember, this was the case for commercial airlines at first too. In the early days of passenger air travel it was only millionaires and movie stars who got to fly. Even as recently as the 1960's air travel was for the elite 'jet set' and priced out of the reach of ordinary citizens. But today we have Spirit Airlines, Jet Blue and Southwest (well, most of the time) and air travel is affordable for most Americans.

This will be the case in space eventually too. The sooner the better!

From Garrett Reisman:

Hi Jude! The Shuttle was a bit bumpy during the first stage. During my first launch on Endeavour, I was seated on the middeck so I didn't have much to do during ascent. I did have a kneeboard though and I took a writing sample during the first stage and my handwriting was even worse than usual! It was much more legible during the 2nd stage. But I would say that the vibration wasn't really that bad even during the first stage. It was comparable to flying an airplane in light to moderate turbulence or being on a typical motion-simulator ride. Nothing too crazy.

As for SLS, I have no personal experience on that thing. :) Nor have I seen any analysis of the random vibe environment. But I don't think that the extra segment would make it worse, it would just make the SRB portion of the ascent last longer. Plus the additional mass of the SLS compared to the Shuttle would likely give you more inertia to reduce the amplitude of the vibration, so I think the ride would probably be quite nice. But again, I'm just speculating here!

From Garrett Reisman:

Well, I haven't asked him lately, but I hope he's not disillusioned at all. Making human life multiplanetary is the whole reason SpaceX exists and it's what motivates everyone working there on a daily basis. Nobody, especially Elon, thinks this will be easy but it's a noble goal! (As for me personally, I'm not going until there is decent pizza up there.)

From Garrett Reisman:

The biggest challenge is dealing with the radiation. We've gotten pretty good at spending up to a year in space on the ISS, but we fly under the Earth's magnetosphere and are still mostly protected from the nasty radiation outside of low earth orbit - solar particle events (SPEs) and Galactic Cosmic Radiation (GCRs). When we go back to the Moon or on to Mars we will not have that protection. A 2.5 year round-trip journey to Mars would result in a radiation dose equivalent of 1 Sievert which is 10 times as much as you would take on the ISS for 6 months and would be at about the NASA career limit for most astronauts.

The thing is, we know very well what kind of radiation is up there - how much flux density and particle energies to expect, but we have little knowledge of exactly what that type of radiation does to human tissue. So we are still learning, and there is a lot of uncertainty about how dangerous this will be for our Mars colonists.

From Christian Davenport:

As I stated above, Mars is a HUGE challenge. And Elon has acknowledged that. It's going to be extremely dangerous. As someone once told me, say you get to Mars and the mission went perfectly. You survive the entry, descent and landing and touch down softly and everything went exactly according to plan. Even then you'd be in almost constant state of emergency given how dangerous the place is. That said, people died crossing the oceans for the first time. There is a certain amount of sacrifice that goes into exploration. But in the long run, it'd be worth it to have humans on Mars. Imagines the discoveries they'd make! And as Garrett noted above, it does have a reasonable gravity and resources that could sustain a colony. Elon does enjoy a challenge and SpaceX has pulled off feats no one thought was possible.

From Garrett Reisman:

My experience was quite different from Mr. Shatner's and different from most astronauts, for that matter. I did not find the view of the Earth out the window to be in any way depressing. The Earth was beautiful - especially the Eastern part of Africa and all of Australia, both of which had magnificent red and brown hues that looked more like Mars to me than Earth.

But I did not really experience the 'overview effect' often described by astronauts as the realization that we are all one humanity sharing the same home and breathing the same atmosphere. That all the things that divide us: nationality, religion, race, gender, politics, etc. are so much less important than these things that we all have in common.

These observations are all true of course, but perhaps I wasn't suddenly struck by them because I knew this before I went to space. The fact that we are all created equal should be self-evident. You shouldn't have to strap yourself into a rocket to understand this.

From Christian Davenport:

I touched on the future of space in a previous post, but for space tourism, there's been ups and downs. Virgin Galactic flew its flight with Richard Branson ... and hasn't flown since. It's been refurbishing its vehicles and says it'll start commercial operations in the second quarter of this year. We'll see. Blue Origin had flown a series of flights and then had an engine failure and has been grounded while they investigate. They hope to resume flying this year. SpaceX has the Polaris program, funded by Jared Isaacman, which is really interesting. After flying the first all private-citizen crew for the Inspiration4 flight, he's set to do another mission this year that would feature a space walk. That's a big deal and requires a lot of training and is in preparation for the next flight, which could boost the orbit of the Hubble telescope, allowing it to remain in operation for years to come. I got a first-hand look at how the crew is preparing by flying in a fighter jet with Jared. It was pretty awesome. (And, no, I didn't throw up.) You can read about that here: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2022/10/02/astronaut-training-fighter-jets/

In addition to the Polaris program, SpaceX is flying private astronauts for a company called Axiom Space, and expects another of those flights, to the ISS, this year as well.

From Garrett Reisman:

Thank you! I'm glad you enjoyed the little podcast that I did with Mike Massimino. We would definitely like to add a second season but we are on hiatus right now as we search for a sponsor so that we no longer have to fund the podcast ourselves. Hopefully we will be back at it again soon!

From Christian Davenport:

Can I second this? I love the podcast. Garrett and Mike Massimino ARE funny. Not just astronaut funny. But funny funny. Go listen.

From Garrett Reisman:

'Mission Specialist' was a designation we used during the Space Shuttle Program to refer to astronauts who were not either the Commander or Pilot. So Mission Specialists did not directly operate the flight controls on the Shuttle, but we did serve as flight engineers, robotics operators, payload operators and spacewalkers.

So 'Mission Specialist' was a bit of a misnomer since we were really generalists - trained to do all those things. Only once you were assigned to a specific flight did you specialize and train intensively on the tasks you were to perform on that mission.

Today NASA considers all astronauts to be simply 'Astronauts' and there is no longer a distinction between 'Pilot Astronauts' and 'Mission Specialist Astronauts' as there was back in the Shuttle days.

From Christian Davenport:

We get these sort of future prediction questions a lot...trying to look 20-30 years in the future. I like to narrow them a bit to see what's possible in 10 years, which seems a more reasonable timeframe. Within a decade, I think we will have people back on the moon, including the first woman and person of color as part of NASA's Artemis program. We'll see multiple companies working with NASA to escort astronauts to and from the surface and to supply them with supplies, as NASA seeks to build a permanent presence there, as I wrote about in our series. We will see low Earth orbit flooded with thousands of satellites used for the Internet as SpaceX's Starlink constellation continues to grow and others, such as Amazon's Kuiper constellation, get going. We should also see commercial space stations starting to proliferate and replace the International Space Station, which is expected to be deborbited in 2030. Not bad for a decade's work!

From Garrett Reisman:

No.

From Garrett Reisman:

Yes, for long-duration spaceflight in a microgravity environment, artificial gravity offers a lot of advantages to alleviate or eliminate various physiological issues associated with adaptation to microgravity. Also, there would be many practical advantages too, including:

• Locomotion (walking) becomes more natural

• Fluids separate (air-liquid) and there is natural convection

• Terrestrial tools and processes are easier to adapt

• Items remain where they are placed

But using rotation to create artificial gravity would require a combination of rotation rate and diameter that would present significant engineering challenges.

Consider this table which gives combinations of speeds and rotation rates to create an artificial gravity level equivalent to ours on Earth:

​

So either your spacecraft has to be huge or spin very fast. And spinning fast will cause you to run into problems associated with the limits of human physiological tolerance.

So it's not easy!

From Garrett Reisman:

Yes! I'm still the technical consultant for the show and we are just wrapping up the principal photography for season 4. Stay tuned!

From Christian Davenport:

I'm really looking forward to launch of SpaceX's Starship rocket. It has the potential to radically transform the industry (again). The vehicle is now fully stacked down in Boca Chica awaiting a wet dress rehearsal (basically a fueling test) and then a static fire of its 33 main engines. If those go well, we could see a launch at some point (pending the FAA approval of course). Elon has said it's possible it could come in early March, but there still some hurdles to clear first. There's also the first crewed flight of Boeing's Starliner spacecraft, robotic missions to the moon under NASA's CLPS program, progress toward the Artemis II mission. I outlined what's to come in space in the coming year here: https://www.washingtonpost.com/technology/2023/01/08/year-ahead-space-nasa-moon/

From Garrett Reisman:

Good question. You are right that the Moon is easier - much quicker to get to, and more importantly much quicker to get home in an emergency, and you can go pretty much anytime, you don't have to wait for a window to open up every 2 years. That means you can go for a few days, a few weeks, a few months or a few years which would let us get experience living for extended periods of time in partial gravity outside the Earth's magnetosphere in a safe and incremental manner. If you go to Mars, you pretty much have to commit for a round-trip duration of about 2.5 years.

But Mars is a much more suitable place for humans to live. It has an atmosphere, a gravity level of about twice that of the Moon, reasonable temperatures and lots of resources that can help support a human colony including oxygen for breathing, water for drinking and methane for fuel. Plus there is the promise of incredible scientific discoveries including, probably, proof of life existing outside of the Earth.

One day it might be possible for a human colony on Mars to be truly self-sustaining. That won't happen on the Moon without continual resupply from Earth.